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kProtoClust:Towards Adaptive k-Prototype Clustering without Known k

computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第3期82卷 4949-4976页

作者： Yuan Ping Huina Li Chun Guo Bin Hao School of Information Engineering Xuchang UniversityXuchang461000China Henan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Big Data Security andApplications Xuchang461000China College of Computer Science and Technology Guizhou UniversityGuiyang550025China Here Data Technology Shenzhen518000China

Towards optimal k-prototype discovery,k-means-like algorithms give us inspirations of central samples collection,yet the unstable seed samples selection,the hypothesis of a circle-like pattern,and the unknown K are still challenges,particularly for non-predetermined data *** propose an adaptive k-prototype clustering method(kProtoClust)which launches cluster exploration with a sketchy division of K clusters and finds evidence for splitting and *** behalf of a group of data samples,support vectors and outliers from the perspective of support vector data description are not the appropriate candidates for prototypes,while inner samples become the first candidates for instability reduction of *** from the representation of samples in traditional,we extend sample selection by encouraging fictitious samples to emphasize the representativeness of *** get out of the circle-like pattern limitation,we introduce a convex decomposition-based strategy of one-cluster-multiple-prototypes in which convex hulls of varying sizes are prototypes,and accurate connection analysis makes the support of arbitrary cluster shapes *** by geometry,the three presented strategies make kProtoClust bypassing the K dependence well with the global and local position relationship analysis for data *** results on twelve datasets of irregular cluster shape or high dimension suggest that kProtoClust handles arbitrary cluster shapes with prominent accuracy even without the prior knowledge K.

关键词： Prototype finding convex hull support vector data description geometrical information

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A novel approach for image retrieval in remote sensing using vision-language-based image caption generation

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第6期84卷 2985-3014页

作者： Yadav, Prem Shanker Tyagi, Dinesh Kumar Vipparthi, Santosh Kumar Department of Computer Science and Engineering Malaviya National Institute of Technology Rajasthan Jaipur302017 India School of Artificial Intelligence and Data Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Punjab Rupnagar140001 India

Recent advancements in satellite technologies have resulted in the emergence of Remote Sensing (RS) images. Hence, the primary imperative research domain is designing a precise retrieval model for retrieving the most pertinent images based on the query. Present Remote Sensing Image Retrieval (RSIR) systems use visual descriptors to characterize the primitives (such as various land-cover types) that are visible in the images. However, the visual descriptors are inadequate for defining the complicated content of RS images. To solve this problem, a new model is devised for image retrieval based on image captions. The goal is to generate textual illustrations with captions to define relations amongst objects precisely. Here, image captioning is attained based on the vision-language pre-training model. The image captions are utilized for generating features like term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF), length of text, and Bag of Words. Meanwhile, query text is utilized wherein features like TF-IDF, text length, and Bag of Words are obtained. The similarity between query text features and the image captions features has been computed on the basis of a hybrid similarity measure wherein weights are tuned with the proposed Honey Badger Political Optimizer (HBPO) to retrieve the image. The proposed HBPO provided enhanced efficiency with elevated precision of 93.3%, recall of 93.7%, F1-score of 93.5%, and Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation (ROUGE) of 0.441. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Visual languages

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Underwater target recognition based on adaptive multi-feature fusion network

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第10期84卷 7297-7317页

作者： Pan, Xiaoying Sun, Jia Feng, TianHao Lei, MingZhu Wang, Hao Zhang, WuXia Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Network Data Analysis and Intelligent Processing Xi’an710121 China Xi’an Key Laboratory of Big Data and Intelligent Computing Xi’an710121 China School of Computer Science and Technology Xi’an University of Post & Telecommunications Xi’an710121 China

Due to the complexity of the underwater environment, underwater acoustic target recognition is more challenging than ordinary target recognition, and has become a hot topic in the field of underwater acoustics research. In recent years, deep learning has been widely used in underwater recognition due to its powerful feature learning capabilities. However, most deep learning-based underwater target recognition methods use only the time-frequency domain features of signals, ignoring the frequency domain image features of signals. Additionally, they only use simple summation or splicing strategies to fuse and discriminate the extracted features, which leads to limited improvement in the accuracy of underwater target recognition. To address these issues, this paper proposes an underwater target recognition method based on an adaptive multi-feature fusion network. The method consists of a data pre-processing module, a multi-dimensional feature extraction module, and an adaptive multi-feature fusion module. In the multi-dimensional feature extraction module, the long short time memory network (LSTM) and the one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1DCNN) are used to extract the time-frequency features of the underwater signal. Furthermore, the two-dimensional convolutional neural network (2DCNN) is used to extract the image features in the frequency domain. The adaptive multi-feature fusion module uses an attention mechanism for adaptive weighted fusion to make full use of the learned features. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated on the ShipEar dataset, and the recognition accuracy reaches 94.92%, which is higher than other existing methods. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Feature extraction

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Open-Vocabulary Calibration for Fine-tuned CLIP 41

Open-Vocabulary Calibration for Fine-tuned CLIP

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41st International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2024

作者： Wang, Shuoyuan Wang, Jindong Wang, Guoqing Zhang, Bob Zhou, Kaiyang Wei, Hongxin Department of Statistics and Data Science Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China Department of Computer and Information Science University of Macau Taipa China William & Mary WilliamsburgVA United States School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China China Department of Computer Science Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong

Vision-language models (VLMs) have emerged as formidable tools, showing their strong capability in handling various open-vocabulary tasks in image recognition, text-driven visual content generation, and visual chatbots, to name a few. In recent years, considerable efforts and resources have been devoted to adaptation methods for improving the downstream performance of VLMs, particularly on parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods like prompt learning. However, a crucial aspect that has been largely overlooked is the confidence calibration problem in fine-tuned VLMs, which could greatly reduce reliability when deploying such models in the real world. This paper bridges the gap by systematically investigating the confidence calibration problem in the context of prompt learning and reveals that existing calibration methods are insufficient to address the problem, especially in the open-vocabulary setting. To solve the problem, we present a simple and effective approach called Distance-Aware Calibration (DAC), which is based on scaling the temperature using as guidance the distance between predicted text labels and base classes. The experiments with 7 distinct prompt learning methods applied across 11 diverse downstream datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of DAC, which achieves high efficacy without sacrificing the inference speed. Our code is available at https://***/mlstat-Sustech/CLIP Calibration. Copyright 2024 by the author(s)

关键词： Calibration

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IMF: Interactive Multimodal Fusion Model for Link Prediction 23

IMF: Interactive Multimodal Fusion Model for Link Prediction

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2023 World Wide Web Conference, WWW 2023

作者： Li, Xinhang Zhao, Xiangyu Xu, Jiaxing Zhang, Yong Xing, Chunxiao Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing China School of Data Science City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781450394161

Link prediction aims to identify potential missing triples in knowledge graphs. To get better results, some recent studies have introduced multimodal information to link prediction. However, these methods utilize multimodal information separately and neglect the complicated interaction between different modalities. In this paper, we aim at better modeling the inter-modality information and thus introduce a novel Interactive Multimodal Fusion (IMF) model to integrate knowledge from different modalities. To this end, we propose a two-stage multimodal fusion framework to preserve modality-specific knowledge as well as take advantage of the complementarity between different modalities. Instead of directly projecting different modalities into a unified space, our multimodal fusion module limits the representations of different modalities independent while leverages bilinear pooling for fusion and incorporates contrastive learning as additional constraints. Furthermore, the decision fusion module delivers the learned weighted average over the predictions of all modalities to better incorporate the complementarity of different modalities. Our approach has been demonstrated to be effective through empirical evaluations on several real-world datasets. The implementation code is available online at https://***/HestiaSky/IMF-Pytorch. © 2023 Owner/Author.

关键词： Knowledge graph

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Automated AI-Powered Fruit Identification Using Convolutional Neural Network

Automated AI-Powered Fruit Identification Using Convolutiona...

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2025 International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems for Collaborative Intelligence, ICMSCI 2025

作者： Sai Tejasree, K. Surendran, R. Rajakumar, B. Gomathi, R.M. Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chennai India J.N.N Institute of Engineering Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Chennai India School of Computing Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chennai India

ISBN: (数字)9798331509828

ISBN: (纸本)9798331509828

Clever system that can look at pictures of fruits and figure out what kind of fruit each picture shows. AI algorithms like deep learning, which is like giving the Machine learning model a crash course in fruit recognition. This method teaches the ML Model we clearly explained the Model using application's agent using PEAS and the application's task environment using the 6 dimensions by showing it tons of fruit images, so over time, it gets really good at spotting the differences and similarities between, say, a banana and a grape. We also used another technique called pattern recognition, which helps the computer pay attention to specific details like the fruit's color, shape, size and texture. Overcoming multiple obstacles in order to automatically identify the type of fruit from the picture. The variety of images is influencing the color, texture, and shape of many different types of fruits. When it came to fruit picture detection, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Algorithm outperformed standard support-vector-machine-based approaches using handcrafted features in terms of accuracy also, it is a lot faster to implement for new fruits. By integrating deep learning and pattern recognition techniques such as Convolutional Neural Network Algorithm we have got the accuracy of 84%, our system efficiently identified different fruit types from images, demonstrating the power and effectiveness of our methods. The goal of our project is to create a tool that can quickly and correctly identify many types of fruits in photos, which could be useful for things like sorting fruits in a grocery store or helping people learn about different fruits by using Convolutional Neural Network Algorithm. This is not just about teaching a computer to recognize fruits;it is about making technology that can understand and interact with the world in a way that is helpful to us. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Privet: A Privacy-Preserving Vertical Federated Learning Service for Gradient Boosted Decision Tables

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IEEE Transactions on Services Computing 2023年第5期16卷 3604-3620页

作者： Zheng, Yifeng Xu, Shuangqing Wang, Songlei Gao, Yansong Hua, Zhongyun Harbin Institute of Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Guangdong Shenzhen518055 China Csiro Data61 SydneyNSW2720 Australia

Vertical federated learning (VFL) has recently emerged as an appealing distributed paradigm empowering multi-party collaboration for training high-quality models over vertically partitioned datasets. Gradient boosting has been popularly adopted in VFL, which builds an ensemble of weak learners (typically decision trees) to achieve promising prediction performance. Recently there have been growing interests in using decision table as an intriguing alternative weak learner in gradient boosting, due to its simpler structure, good interpretability, and promising performance. In the literature, there have been works on privacy-preserving VFL for gradient boosted decision trees, but no prior work has been devoted to the emerging case of decision tables. Training and inference on decision tables are different from that in the case of generic decision trees, not to mention gradient boosting with decision tables in VFL. In light of this, we design, implement, and evaluate Privet, the first system framework enabling privacy-preserving VFL service for gradient boosted decision tables. Privet delicately builds on lightweight cryptography and allows an arbitrary number of participants holding vertically partitioned datasets to securely train gradient boosted decision tables. Extensive experiments over several real-world datasets and synthetic datasets demonstrate that Privet achieves promising performance, with utility comparable to plaintext centralized learning. © 2008-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Decision trees

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Real-Time Road Damage Detection and Infrastructure Evaluation Leveraging Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Tiny Machine Learning

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2024年第12期11卷 21347-21358页

作者： Khan, Muhammad Waseem Obaidat, Mohammad S. Mahmood, Khalid Batool, Dania Badar, Hafiz Muhammad Sanaullah Aamir, Muhammad Gao, Wu Comsats University Islamabad Sahiwal Campus Department Of Computer Science Sahiwal57000 Pakistan Superior University Department Of Computer Science Lahore54000 Pakistan The University Of Jordan King Abdullah Ii School Of Information Technology Amman11942 Jordan University Of Science And Technology Beijing School Of Communication And Computing Engineering Beijing100083 China Amity University Amity School Of Engineering And Technology Uttar Pradesh Noida201301 India National Yunlin University Of Science And Technology Graduate School Of Intelligent Data Science Douliu64002 Taiwan University Of Palermo Department Of Engineering Palermo90133 Italy Emerson University Department Of Emerging Computing Technologies Multan60000 Pakistan Northwestern Polytechnical University Center For Bio-Inspired System-on-Chip School Of Computer Science Xi'an710060 China

Road damage detection (RDD) through computer vision and deep learning techniques can ensure the safety of vehicles and humans on the roads. Integrating unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in RDD and infrastructure evaluation (IE) has also emerged as a key enabler, contributing significantly to data acquisition and real-time monitoring of road damages, such as potholes, cracks, and surface anomalies, facilitating proactive maintenance and improved road conditions. These UAVs are low-powered and resource-constrained devices that work autonomously to perform pattern detection and decision making leveraging tiny machine learning (Tiny ML) algorithms. These Tiny ML algorithms are designed to run on edge devices, IoT devices, UAVs, etc. In this study, the RDD2022 data set collected using UAVs and dashboard cameras of vehicles was utilized to train pure and mixed models that exhibit class instance imbalance in certain classes which is addressed by implementing data augmentation as a regularization technique. State-of-the-art two-stage detectors: Faster R-CNN ResNet101 and one-stage detectors: SSD MobileNet V1 FPN, YOLOv5, and Efficientdet D1 are employed. The results indicate that the two-stage detector achieved an impressive mean average precision (mAP) of 88.49% overall and 96.62% for focused classes. Notably, the state-of-the-art Efficientdet D1 approach achieved a competitive mAP of 86.47% overall and 95.12% for focused classes, with significantly lower computational cost. These findings highlight the potential of advanced object detection techniques, particularly Efficientdet D1, to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of RDD systems, thereby improving passenger safety and overall performance. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Object detection

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One-Shot Sequential Federated Learning for Non-IID data by Enhancing Local Model Diversity 24

One-Shot Sequential Federated Learning for Non-IID Data by E...

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32nd ACM International Conference on Multimedia, MM 2024

作者： Wang, Naibo Deng, Yuchen Feng, Wenjie Fan, Shichen Yin, Jianwei Ng, See-Kiong Institute of Data Science National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore School of Mathematics and Statistics Changchun University of Technology Changchun China School of Computer Science and Technology Xidian University Xi'an China College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400706868

Traditional federated learning mainly focuses on parallel settings (PFL), which can suffer significant communication and computation costs. In contrast, one-shot and sequential federated learning (SFL) have emerged as innovative paradigms to alleviate these costs. However, the issue of non-IID (Independent and Identically Distributed) data persists as a significant challenge in one-shot and SFL settings, exacerbated by the restricted communication between clients. In this paper, we improve the one-shot sequential federated learning for non-IID data by proposing a local model diversity-enhancing strategy. Specifically, to leverage the potential of local model diversity for improving model performance, we introduce a local model pool for each client that comprises diverse models generated during local training, and propose two distance measurements to further enhance the model diversity and mitigate the effect of non-IID data. Consequently, our proposed framework can improve the global model performance while maintaining low communication costs. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method exhibits superior performance to existing one-shot PFL methods and achieves better accuracy compared with state-of-the-art one-shot SFL methods on both label-skew and domain-shift tasks (e.g., 6%+ accuracy improvement on the CIFAR-10 dataset). Our code and supplementary are available online: https://***/NaiboWang/FedELMY. © 2024 ACM.

关键词： Federated learning

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Comparison of Various Computational Models for Accurate Stroke Prediction and Interpretation Using LIME and SHAP Kernels 1

Comparison of Various Computational Models for Accurate Stro...

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1st International Conference for Women in Computing, InCoWoCo 2024

作者： Arun, Chalana B Anusha, M. Kodipalli, Ashwini Gargi, N. Harish, L. Devamane, Shridhar B Global Academy of Technology Dept. of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Bangalore India School of Computing Amrita Vishwavidhyapeetam Department of Computer Science Mysuru India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331518943

Stroke is one dangerous illness that kills people. Stroke is so called because of the way it strikes people down. Across the globe, it is among the main causes of mortality and disability. It requires early identification and precise measures to be taken in order to prevent stroke and further damages to the brain and other parts of body. Our study investigates the use of machine learning techniques that includes Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Free Classifier, Random Forest Classifier, Naive Bares and multiple Boosting Classifiers. The 'Healthcare dataset Stroke data' is the dataset used, which is preprocessed and then trained upon by Ml. models. For Random Forest Classifier, the maximum accuracy observed was 94.91%, and upon Hyper parameter Tuning- there was rise in accuracy to 95.64%, Evaluation criteria like F1-score, precision, and recall provides additional evidence for the effectiveness of these models: Further in order to explain how each feature contributes differently to each prediction we have made use of two popular techniques for XAT, LIME and SHAP. LIVE and SHIP provides local, interpretable explanations and global explanations respectively. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Random forests

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