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arXiv 2024年

作者： Jiang, Yuncheng Feng, Chun-Mei Ren, Jinke Wei, Jun Zhang, Zixun Hu, Yiwen Liu, Yunbi Sun, Rui Tang, Xuemei Du, Juan Wan, Xiang Xu, Yong Du, Bo Gao, Xin Wang, Guangyu Zhou, Shaohua Cui, Shuguang Goh, Rick Siow Mong Liu, Yong Li, Zhen Shenzhen518172 China Shenzhen518172 China Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore138632 Singapore College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data Shenzhen518172 China South China Hospital Health Science Center Shenzhen University Shenzhen518111 China School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing210023 China Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Sichuan637000 China North Sichuan Medical College Sichuan637000 China Shenzhen518055 China School of Computer Science Wuhan University Wuhan430072 China Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing100876 China School of Biomedical Engineering Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research University of Science and Technology of China Suzhou215123 China Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China

Ultrasound imaging is widely used in clinical diagnosis due to its non-invasive nature and real-time capabilities. However, conventional ultrasound diagnostics face several limitations, including high dependence on physician expertise and suboptimal image quality, which complicates interpretation and increases the likelihood of diagnostic errors. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising solution to enhance clinical diagnosis, particularly in detecting abnormalities across various biomedical imaging modalities. Nonetheless, current AI models for ultrasound imaging face critical challenges. First, these models often require large volumes of labeled medical data, raising concerns over patient privacy breaches. Second, most existing models are task-specific, which restricts their broader clinical utility. To overcome these challenges, we present UltraFedFM, an innovative privacy-preserving ultrasound foundation model. UltraFedFM is collaboratively pre-trained using federated learning across 16 distributed medical institutions in 9 countries, leveraging a dataset of over 1 million ultrasound images covering 19 organs and 10 ultrasound modalities. This extensive and diverse data, combined with a secure training framework, enables UltraFedFM to exhibit strong generalization and diagnostic capabilities. It achieves an average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.927 for disease diagnosis and a dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.878 for lesion segmentation. Notably, UltraFedFM surpasses the diagnostic accuracy of mid-level ultrasonographers (4–8 years of experience) and matches the performance of expert-level sonographers (10+ years of experience) in the joint diagnosis of 8 common systemic diseases. These findings indicate that UltraFedFM can significantly enhance clinical diagnostics while safeguarding patient privacy, marking a significant advancement in AI-driven ultrasound imaging for future clinical applications. Copyri

关键词： Differential privacy

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GSFL: A Privacy-preserving Grouping-Split Federated Learning Approach in Resource-constrained Edge Computing Scenarios

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ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems 1000年

作者： Qi Liu Zhilu Wang Xiaokang Zhou Yonghong Zhang Xiaodong Liu Haiyang Lin Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Advanced Computing and Intelligent Services China and Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology School of Software China Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology School of Computer Science China Kansai University Faculty of Business Data Science Japan and RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project Japan Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology School of Automation China Edinburgh Napier University School of Computing UK Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology School of Software China

The advancement of mobile multimedia communications, 5G, and Internet of Things (IoT) has led to the widespread use of edge devices, including sensors, smartphones, and wearables. This has generated in a large amount of distributed data, leading to new prospects for deep learning. However, this data is confined within data silos and contains sensitive information, making it difficult to be processed in a centralized manner, particularly under stringent data privacy regulations. Federated learning (FL) offers a solution by enabling collaborative learning while ensuring privacy. Nonetheless, data and device heterogeneity complicate FL implementation. This research presents a specialized FL algorithm for heterogeneous edge computing. It integrates a lightweight grouping strategy for homogeneous devices, a scheduling algorithm within groups, and a Split Learning (SL) approach. These contributions enhance model accuracy and training speed, alleviate the burden on resource-constrained devices, and strengthen privacy. Experimental results demonstrate that the GSFL outperforms FedAvg and SplitFed by 6.53× and 1.18×. Under experimental conditions with \(\alpha=0.05\), representing a highly heterogeneous data distribution typical of extreme Non-IID scenarios, GSFL showed better accuracy compared to FedAvg by 10.64%, HACCS by 4.53%, and Cluster-HSFL by 1.16%. GSFL effectively balances privacy protection and computational efficiency for real-world applications in mobile multimedia communications.

关键词： Federated learning Split learning Non-IID Clustering

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Overlapping Aware data Placement Optimizations for LSM Tree-Based Store on ZNS SSDs

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ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization 1000年

作者： Jingcheng Shen Lang Yang Linbo Long Zhenhua Tan Congming Gao Kan Zhong Masao Okita Fumihiko Ino School of Computer Science and Technology Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Chongqing China School of Big Data & Software Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing China Xiamen University Xiamen China Chongqing University Chongqing China School of Information Science and Technology Osaka University Suita Japan

Solid State Drives (SSDs) based on the NVMe Zoned Namespaces (ZNS) interface can notably reduce the costs of address mapping, garbage collection, and over-provisioning by dividing the storage space into multiple zones for sequential writes and random reads. The Log-Structured Merge (LSM) tree, which is extensively used in key-value storage systems, converts random writes to sequential writes, hence a suitable scenario to utilize ZNS SSDs. However, LSM tree associated data significantly varies in lifetime due to the levels and merging mechanisms of the LSM tree. Therefore, without an accurate method to estimate data lifetime, data with disparate lifetimes may be placed in the same zone, thus causing low space utilization and high write amplification within the *** address these issues, the paper proposes two data overlapping aware optimizations to realize intelligent data placement: a zone allocation scheme and a garbage collection scheme. The key technique of these optimizations is an accurate data-lifetime estimation by considering both the associated tree level of the data and the data overlapping ratio between the data and those in the neighboring level. Using the estimation technique, the zone allocation optimization can place data with similar lifetimes in the same zone. Besides, the garbage collection optimization can reclaim zones in an adaptive manner based on overlapping ratios to reduce the amount of data migration. Experimental results demonstrate that the optimization schemes effectively reduce garbage collection-incurred data copy by average factors of 2.11 × and 1.50 × in comparison to a conventional work and a state-of-the-art work, respectively. Consequently, the proposed work successfully alleviates the write amplification effect by 18% and 6%, compared to the conventional work and the state-of-the-art work, respectively.

关键词： ZNS SSDs LSM-tree data placement garbage collection

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Location embedding based pairwise distance learning for fine-grained diagnosis of urinary stones

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Jin, Qiangguo Huang, Jiapeng Sun, Changming Cui, Hui Xuan, Ping Su, Ran Wei, Leyi Wu, Yu-Jie Wu, Chia-An Duh, Henry B.L. Lu, Yueh-Hsun School of Software Northwestern Polytechnical University Shaanxi China Yangtze River Delta Research Institute of NPU Suzhou China CSIRO Data61 Sydney Australia Department of Computer Science and Information Technology La Trobe University Melbourne Australia School of Engineering Shantou University Guangdong China College of Intelligence and Computing Tianjin University Tianjin China School of Information Xiamen University Xiamen China AIDD Faculty of Applied Science Macao Polytechnic University China Department of Radiology Shuang-Ho Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Master of Public Health Program National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan School of Design The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Department of Radiology School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan

The precise diagnosis of urinary stones is crucial for devising effective treatment strategies. The diagnostic process, however, is often complicated by the low contrast between stones and surrounding tissues, as well as the variability in stone locations across different patients. To address this issue, we propose a novel location embedding based pairwise distance learning network (LEPD-Net) that leverages low-dose abdominal X-ray imaging combined with location information for the fine-grained diagnosis of urinary stones. LEPD-Net enhances the representation of stone-related features through context-aware region enhancement, incorporates critical location knowledge via stone location embedding, and achieves recognition of fine-grained objects with our innovative fine-grained pairwise distance learning. Additionally, we have established an in-house dataset on urinary tract stones to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach. Comprehensive experiments conducted on this dataset reveal that our framework significantly surpasses existing state-of-the-art methods. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Embeddings

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CROSS: Feedback-Oriented Multi-Modal Dynamic Alignment in Recommendation Systems

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ACM Transactions on Recommender Systems 1000年

作者： Yang Li Junpeng Du Chenzhan Wang Zunlong Liu Xiaomin Zhu Chen Lin Institute of Artificial Intelligence Xiamen University Xiamen China School of Informatics Xiamen University Xiamen China School of Big Data & Software Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing China School of Information Science and Engineering Shandong Normal University Jinan China Strategic Assessments and Consultation Institute Academy of Military Science Beijing China School of Informatics Xiamen University Xiamen China National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine Xiamen University Xiamen China

Aligning the multi-modal content and ID embeddings is crucial in multi-modal recommendation systems. Existing solutions typically adopt a bidirectional alignment paradigm. Our prior work, FETTLE, challenges this paradigm by proposing a one-way directional alignment at the item level, thus reducing the negative impact of low-quality modalities. However, FETTLE leaves two open questions: (1) when is one-way directional alignment optimal, and (2) how to incorporate collaborative signals to enhance alignment? We present CROSS (feedbaCk-oRiented multi-mOdal alignment in recommendation SyStem), a plug-and-play framework that extends FETTLE by introducing three major advancements. First, we introduce Dynamic Item-Level Alignment, which dynamically calibrates the ’strength’ of each modality via a variance-based compensation mechanism, mitigating the risk of overshadowing weaker modalities in the early stages of training. Second, we develop Multi-grained Collaborative Alignment, which introduces a medium-granularity alignment strategy based on neighboring items that share similar user feedback profiles. This neighbor-level alignment effectively balances noisy user interactions and excessive smoothing across items. Third, we conduct extensive experiments on more real-world datasets and show that CROSS significantly boosts the performance of both collaborative filtering (CF) models and multi-modal recommendation (MRS) approaches, achieving 21.52%–70.78% average improvement on CF backbones and 8.70%–20.73% on MRS backbones. Compared with FETTLE, CROSS achieves additional improvements of 3.82%–5.24%.

关键词： Recommender Systems Multi-modal Recommendation Multi-Modality Alignment

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A Strategy for Aided Diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children Based on Graph Neural Network

A Strategy for Aided Diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in...

引用

IEEE Annual International Computer software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC)

作者： Yi Lei Han Qin Xiaodan Li Qing Wang Lin Zang Jun Tai Jijiang Yang School of Software Engineering Faculty of Information Technology Beijing University of Technology Beijing China Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Beijing Children’s Hospital Capital Medical University National Center for Children’s Health Beijing China Department of Automation Tsinghua University Beijing China Pharmacovigilance Research Center for Information Technology and Data Science Cross-Strait Tsinghua Research Institute Xiamen China Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Children’s Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics Beijing China

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, especially deep learning technology, various new technologies and applications based on face images have emerged. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the disease with the highest morbidity and the most serious long-term harm among childhood sleep breathing disorders, and it is increasingly receiving common attention from families and society. Children with the disease have a special facial appearance and require early identification and treatment to prevent it. However, the current diagnostic methods have problems such as being invasive, time-consuming, and expensive. The purpose of this article is to use graph neural network technology based on face images to establish an OSA auxiliary diagnosis strategy for children to achieve OSA screening and analysis. Therefore, this article first takes the facial landmarks as the analysis object, divides the face into six key areas, and selects important landmarks in these regions. On this basis, to better consider the relationship between important landmarks, a global collaborative recognition strategy is proposed. By extracting the implicit relationship between landmarks, face graph structure data is established. Finally, the OSA-GNN model is established to achieve OSA screening and auxiliary analysis in children. Compared with other related studies, this strategy not only has a stronger representation and generalisation ability but can also carry out clinical applications better, providing doctors with diagnostic suggestions.

关键词：

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Corrigendum to “Rational Protocols and Attacks in Blockchain System”

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Security and Communication Networks 2021年第1期2021卷

作者： Tao Li Yuling Chen Yanli Wang Yilei Wang Minghao Zhao Haojia Zhu Youliang Tian Xiaomei Yu Yixian Yang State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data Guizhou University Guiyang Guizhou 550025 *** College of Computer Science and Technology Guizhou University Guiyang Guizhou 550025 *** School of Information Science and Engineering Qufu Normal University Rizhao 276825 *** School of Software Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 *** School of Information Science and Engineering Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 ***

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MIPI 2022 Challenge on Under-Display Camera Image Restoration: Methods and Results

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Zhu, Yurui Wang, Xi Fu, Xueyang Hu, Xiaowei Hu, Jinfan Liu, Xina Chen, Xiangyu Dong, Chao Zhang, Dafeng Huang, Feiyu Liu, Shizhuo Wang, Xiaobing Jin, Zhezhu Jiang, Xuhao Shao, Guangqi Wang, Xiaotao Lei, Lei Zhang, Zhao Zhao, Suiyi Zheng, Huan Gao, Yangcheng Wei, Yanyan Ren, Jiahuan Huang, Tao Fang, Zhenxuan Huang, Mengluan Xu, Junwei Zhang, Yong Yang, Yuechi Shu, Qidi Yang, Zhiwen Li, Shaocong Yao, Mingde Xu, Ruikang Guan, Yuanshen Huang, Jie Xiong, Zhiwei Zhu, Hangyan Liu, Ming Liu, Shaohui Zuo, Wangmeng Jia, Zhuang Song, Binbin Song, Ziqi Mao, Guiting Hou, Ben Liu, Zhimou Ke, Yi Ouyang, Dengpei Han, Dekui Zhang, Jinghao Zhu, Qi Zheng, Naishan Zhao, Feng Jin, Wu Conde, Marcos Nathan, Sabari Timofte, Radu Xu, Tianyi Xu, Jun Hrishikesh, P.S. Puthussery, Densen Jiji, C.V. Biao, Jiang Yuhan, Ding Zhang, Li Wan Xiaoyue, Feng Sijing, Chen Tianheng, Zhong Lu, Jiyang Chen, Hongming Fan, Zhentao Chen, Xiang University of Science and Technology of China China Shanghai Ai Laboratory China Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences China University of Macau China Samsung Research China Beijing China Xiaomi Beijing China Hefei University of Technology China School of Artificial Intelligence Xidian University China School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering Wuhan University China State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing Wuhan University China Harbin Institute of Technology China Changsha Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy China Tianjin University China University of Wurzburg Computer Vision Lab Germany Couger Inc. Japan School of Statistics and Data Science Nankai University China Founding Minds Software India Department of Electronics and Communication Srm University Fudan University China Shenyang Aerospace University China Nanjing University of Science and Technology China

Developing and integrating advanced image sensors with novel algorithms in camera systems are prevalent with the increasing demand for computational photography and imaging on mobile platforms. However, the lack of high-quality data for research and the rare opportunity for in-depth exchange of views from industry and academia constrain the development of mobile intelligent photography and imaging (MIPI). To bridge the gap, we introduce the first MIPI challenge including five tracks focusing on novel image sensors and imaging algorithms. In this paper, we summarize and review the Under-Display Camera (UDC) Image Restoration track on MIPI 2022. In total, 167 participants were successfully registered, and 19 teams submitted results in the final testing phase. The developed solutions in this challenge achieved state-of-the-art performance on Under-Display Camera Image Restoration. A detailed description of all models developed in this challenge is provided in this paper. More details of this challenge and the link to the dataset can be found at https://***/mipi-challenge/MIPI2022. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image reconstruction

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GenFace: A Large-Scale Fine-Grained Face Forgery Benchmark and Cross Appearance-Edge Learning

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhang, Yaning Yu, Zitong Wang, Tianyi Huang, Xiaobin Shen, Linlin Gao, Zan Ren, Jianfeng Computer Vision Institute College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China School of Computing and Information Technology Great Bay University Dongguan523000 China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Ave Block N 4 639798 Singapore Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society Shenzhen518129 China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Shenzhen University China Jinan250014 China Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System Ministry of Education Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin300384 China School of Computer Science University of Nottingham Ningbo China

The rapid advancement of photorealistic generators has reached a critical juncture where the discrepancy between authentic and manipulated images is increasingly indistinguishable. Thus, benchmarking and advancing techniques detecting digital manipulation become an urgent issue. Although there have been a number of publicly available face forgery datasets, the forgery faces are mostly generated using GAN-based synthesis technology, which does not involve the most recent technologies like diffusion. The diversity and quality of images generated by diffusion models have been significantly improved and thus a much more challenging face forgery dataset shall be used to evaluate SOTA forgery detection literature. In this paper, we propose a large-scale, diverse, and fine-grained high-fidelity dataset, namely GenFace, to facilitate the advancement of deepfake detection, which contains a large number of forgery faces generated by advanced generators such as the diffusion-based model and more detailed labels about the manipulation approaches and adopted generators. In addition to evaluating SOTA approaches on our benchmark, we design an innovative Cross Appearance-Edge Learning (CAEL) detector to capture multi-grained appearance and edge global representations, and detect discriminative and general forgery traces. Moreover, we devise an Appearance-Edge Cross-Attention (AECA) module to explore the various integrations across two domains. Extensive experiment results and visualizations show that our detection model outperforms the state of the arts on different settings like cross-generator, cross-forgery, and cross-dataset evaluations. Code and datasets will be available at https://***/Jenine-321/GenFace. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image enhancement

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Ar-Manet: A Low-Quality Image Restoration Method Based on Multi-Feature Fusion

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2024年

作者： Zhang, Yugui Zhou, Qi Jia, Tingting Ke, Zunwang Jia, YiZhen Wang, Gang Yang, Guang Du, Minghua Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100083 China Hunan RAMON Science & Technology Co. Ltd. Changsha410138 China Department of Stomatology The First Medical Centre Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing100853 China School of Software Xinjiang University Urumqi830091 China School of Computing and Data Engineering NingboTech University Ningbo315100 China National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial CollegeLondon LondonSW7 2BX United Kingdom The Royal Brompton Hospital LondonSW3 6NP United Kingdom Medical School of Chinese PLA China

Exposure problems often affect image quality more significantly than noise and blurring, seriously affecting their effectiveness in computer vision applications. To address this core problem, this paper proposes an innovative deep-learning method. The method uses pyramidal multi-scale decomposition to repair the image layer by layer, taking care of both overexposure and underexposure problems. On this basis, we improve the U-Net model by introducing the Strengthen-Operate-Subtract (SOS) feature enhancement module and a multi-scale aggregate back-projection module to achieve finer image restoration and improve the propagation of feature information. In addition, we introduce an atrous residual dense block at the highest scale to expand the receptive field of the network and efficiently capture local information to improve the quality of the exposure-corrected images. These innovations significantly optimize the effect of image exposure correction and improve the problems of loss of image details, oversaturation of regional contrast, and imbalance of color naturalness in existing techniques. Through extensive and in-depth analytical evaluations, we have validated the effectiveness of our model, which also demonstrates excellent performance compared with the most recent methods on the test database. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image reconstruction

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