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41st International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2024

作者： Nguyen, Duc Zhang, Anderson Ye Department of Computer & Information Science University of Pennsylvania United States Department of Statistics & Data Science Wharton School University of Pennsylvania United States

The Partial Credit Model (PCM) of Andrich (1978) and Masters (1982) is a fundamental model within the psychometric literature with wide-ranging modern applications. It models the integer-valued response that a subject gives to an item where there is a natural notion of monotonic progress between consecutive response values, such as partial scores on a test and customer ratings of a product. In this paper, we introduce a novel, time-efficient and accurate statistical spectral algorithm for inference under the PCM model. We complement our algorithmic contribution with in-depth non-asymptotic statistical analysis, the first of its kind in the literature. We show that the spectral algorithm enjoys the optimal error guarantee under three different metrics, all under reasonable sampling assumptions. We leverage the efficiency of the spectral algorithm to propose a novel EM-based algorithm for learning mixtures of PCMs. We perform comprehensive experiments on synthetic and real-life datasets covering education testing, recommendation systems, and financial investment applications. We show that the proposed spectral algorithm is competitive with previously introduced algorithms in terms of accuracy while being orders of magnitude faster. Copyright 2024 by the author(s)

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Multi-Task Learning for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis and Mini-Mental State Examination Score Prediction

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Big data Mining and Analytics 2024年第3期7卷 828-842页

作者： Jin Liu Xu Tian Hanhe Lin Hong-Dong Li Yi Pan Hunan Provincial Key Lab on Bioinformatics School of Computer Science and EngineeringCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China Xinjiang Engineering Research Center of Big Data and Intelligent Software School of SoftwareXinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830091China School of Science and Engineering University of DundeeDundeeDD14HNUK Faculty of Computer Science and Control Engineering Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China

Accurately diagnosing Alzheimer's disease is essential for improving elderly ***,accurate prediction of the mini-mental state examination score also can measure cognition impairment and track the progression of Alzheimer's ***,most of the existing methods perform Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and mini-mental state examination score prediction separately and ignore the relation between these two *** address this challenging problem,we propose a novel multi-task learning method,which uses feature interaction to explore the relationship between Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and minimental state examination score *** our proposed method,features from each task branch are firstly decoupled into candidate and non-candidate parts for ***,we propose feature sharing module to obtain shared features from candidate features and return shared features to task branches,which can promote the learning of each *** validate the effectiveness of our proposed method on multiple *** Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative 1 dataset,the accuracy in diagnosis task and the root mean squared error in prediction task of our proposed method is 87.86%and 2.5,*** results show that our proposed method outperforms most state-of-the-art *** proposed method enables accurate Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and mini-mental state examination score ***,it can be used as a reference for the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease,and can also help doctors and patients track disease progression in a timely manner.

关键词： multi-task learning Alzheimer's disease diagnosis mini-mental state examination score prediction

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ML-KFHE: Multi-label Ensemble Classification Algorithm Exploiting Sensor Fusion Properties of the Kalman Filter

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SN computer science 2023年第6期4卷 821页

作者： Pakrashi, Arjun Mac Namee, Brian School of Computer Science University College Dublin Dublin Ireland Insight Centre for Data Analytics Dublin Ireland

Despite the success of ensemble classification methods in multi-class classification problems, ensemble methods based on approaches other than bagging have not been widely explored for multi-label classification problems. The Kalman filter-based Heuristic ensemble (KFHE) is an ensemble method that exploits the sensor fusion properties of the Kalman filter to combine several classifier models, and that has been shown to be very effective. This work proposes a multi-label version of KFHE, ML-KFHE, demonstrating the effectiveness of the KFHE method on multi-label datasets. Two variants are introduced based on the underlying component classifier algorithm, ML-KFHE-HOMER, and ML-KFHE-CC which uses HOMER and classifier chain (CC) as the underlying multi-label algorithms, respectively. ML-KFHE-HOMER and ML-KFHE-CC sequentially train multiple HOMER and CC multi-label classifiers and aggregate their outputs using the sensor fusion properties of the Kalman filter. Extensive experiments and detailed analysis were performed on thirteen multi-label datasets and eight other algorithms, which included state-of-the-art ensemble methods. The results show, for both versions, the ML-KFHE framework improves the predictive performance significantly with respect to bagged combinations of HOMER (named E-HOMER), also introduced in this paper, and bagged combination of CC, ensemble classifier chains (ECC), thus demonstrating the effectiveness of ML-KFHE. Also, the ML-KFHE-HOMER variant was found to perform consistently and significantly better than the compared multi-label methods including existing approaches based on ensembles. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Classifier fusion Ensembles Kalman filter Multi-label classification

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PAC PREDICTION SETS UNDER LABEL SHIFT 12

PAC PREDICTION SETS UNDER LABEL SHIFT

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12th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2024

作者： Si, Wenwen Park, Sangdon Lee, Insup Dobriban, Edgar Bastani, Osbert Department of Computer & Information Science University of Pennsylvania United States Graduate School of AI and Computer Science & Engineering POSTECH Korea Republic of Department of Statistics and Data Science University of Pennsylvania United States

Prediction sets capture uncertainty by predicting sets of labels rather than individual labels, enabling downstream decisions to conservatively account for all plausible outcomes. Conformal inference algorithms construct prediction sets guaranteed to contain the true label with high probability. These guarantees fail to hold in the face of distribution shift, which is precisely when reliable uncertainty quantification can be most useful. We propose a novel algorithm for constructing prediction sets with PAC guarantees in the label shift setting, where the probabilities of labels can differ between the source and target distributions. Our algorithm relies on constructing confidence intervals for importance weights by propagating uncertainty through a Gaussian elimination algorithm. We evaluate our approach on four datasets: the CIFAR-10 and ChestX-Ray image datasets, the tabular CDC Heart dataset, and the AGNews text dataset. Our algorithm satisfies the PAC guarantee while producing smaller prediction set sizes compared to several baselines. © 2024 12th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2024. All rights reserved.

关键词： Forecasting

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Dual-Branch Low-Light Image Enhancement via Spatial and Multi-Scale Frequency Domain Fusion 25

Dual-Branch Low-Light Image Enhancement via Spatial and Mult...

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25th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology, ICIT 2024

作者： Wang, Huaiyao Chen, Lu Guan, Zixin Insti. Of Big Data Science & Industry School Of Computer & Information Tech. Shanxi University Taiyuan China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350340266

The images captured under extreme lighting conditions can exhibit severe image degradation, which significantly impacts the performance of downstream visual tasks. Existing deep learning-based approaches for low-light image enhancement have primarily focused on spatial domain enhancement while neglecting frequency domain information. Therefore, we introduce a novel network for low-light image enhancement that operates in both spatial and frequency domains (multi-scale pyramid and Fourier transform) simultaneously, named SMFNet. Our main idea involves using a dual-branch structure, incorporating spatial and multi-scale frequency domain branches. The spatial branch employs SpaBlock to extract image features, while the multi-scale frequency branch utilizes Laplacian pyramid and Fourier transform to extract frequency domain information. Furthermore, SpaBlock supplements spatial domain information in the frequency branch. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach yields promising results in terms of both quantitative and qualitative metrics across various publicly available datasets. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Image enhancement

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Transparency in Translation: A Deep Dive into Explainable AI Techniques for Bias Mitigation

Transparency in Translation: A Deep Dive into Explainable AI...

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2024 Asia Pacific Conference on Innovation in Technology, APCIT 2024

作者： Deokar, Ruchira Nanjundan, Preethi Mohanty, Sachi Nandan Christ University Department of Data Science Pune Lavasa India School of Computer Science & Engineering VIT -AP University Andhra Pradesh India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350361537

In an era dominated by artificial intelligence (AI), concerns about bias and discrimination loom large. The quest for fairness and equity in AI-driven decision-making has led to the exploration of Explainable AI (XAI) as a viable solution. This paper undertakes a thorough examination of the bias ingrained within AI systems and posits XAI as a potent antidote. Beginning with an exploration of the origins and aftermath of bias in AI, the analysis traverses the evolution of XAI techniques, including SHAP, LIME, and counterfactual explanations, clearly stating their advantages and drawbacks. With each XAI method thoroughly inspected, the study unravels their applicability across diverse AI models and domains. Furthermore, a compelling case study is presented, showcasing XAI's practical application in a language translation app, where it guarantees transparency and equity in the translation process. This tangible example serves as a testament to XAI's efficacy in mitigating bias within real-world applications. As the analysis concludes, it underscores the pivotal role XAI plays in fostering accountability and trustworthiness in AI systems. By shedding light on how XAI mitigates bias and offering concrete examples of its utility, the paper advocates for its widespread adoption as an imperative step towards the development of ethically robust AI systems. In a landscape filled with concerns about bias, XAI emerges as a beacon of hope, promising a future where AI decisions are transparent, fair, and equitable for all. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Sensitivity analysis

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LATTE: Layer Algorithm-aware Training Time Estimation for Heterogeneous Federated Learning 24

LATTE: Layer Algorithm-aware Training Time Estimation for He...

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30th International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, ACM MobiCom 2024

作者： Wang, Kun Zhou, Zimu Li, Zhenjiang Department of Computer Science City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong School of Data Science City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

ISBN: (纸本)9798400704895

Accurate estimation of on-device model training time is increasingly required for emerging learning paradigms on mobile edge devices, such as heterogeneous federated learning (HFL). HFL usually customizes the model architecture according to the different capabilities of mobile edge devices to ensure efficient use of local data from all devices for training. However, due to oversimplification of latency modeling, existing methods rely on a single coefficient to represent computational heterogeneity, resulting in sub-optimal HFL efficiency. We find that existing methods ignore the important impact of runtime optimization of deep learning frameworks, which we call development-chain diversity. Specifically, layers of a model may have different algorithm implementations, and deep learning frameworks often have different strategies for selecting the algorithm they believe is the best based on a range of runtime factors, resulting in different training latencies and invalid predictions from existing methods. In this paper, in addition to considering this diversity to ensure synchronized completion time of model training, we also study how to select the best algorithm each time to reduce the latency of the per-round training, thereby further improving the overall efficiency of federated training. To this end, we propose LATTE, which consists of a novel selector that identifies the best algorithm at runtime based on relative runtime factors. By further integrating it into our training latency model, LATTE provides accurate training time estimation. We develop LATTE as middleware, compatible with different deep learning frameworks. Extensive results show significantly improved training convergence speed and model accuracy compared to state-of-the-art methods. © 2024 Copyright is held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.

关键词： Federated learning

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ViGT: proposal-free video grounding with a learnable token in the transformer

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science China(Information sciences) 2023年第10期66卷 196-212页

作者： Kun LI Dan GUO Meng WANG School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Hefei University of Technology Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data Ministry of Education Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui Province Institute of Artificial Intelligence Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center

The video grounding(VG) task aims to locate the queried action or event in an untrimmed video based on rich linguistic descriptions. Existing proposal-free methods are trapped in the complex interaction between video and query, overemphasizing cross-modal feature fusion and feature correlation for VG. In this paper, we propose a novel boundary regression paradigm that performs regression token learning in a transformer. Particularly, we present a simple but effective proposal-free framework, namely video grounding transformer(ViGT), which predicts the temporal boundary using a learnable regression token rather than multi-modal or cross-modal features. In ViGT, the benefits of a learnable token are manifested as follows.(1) The token is unrelated to the video or the query and avoids data bias toward the original video and query.(2) The token simultaneously performs global context aggregation from video and query ***, we employed a sharing feature encoder to project both video and query into a joint feature space before performing cross-modal co-attention(i.e., video-to-query attention and query-to-video attention) to highlight discriminative features in each modality. Furthermore, we concatenated a learnable regression token [REG] with the video and query features as the input of a vision-language transformer. Finally, we utilized the token [REG] to predict the target moment and visual features to constrain the foreground and background probabilities at each timestamp. The proposed ViGT performed well on three public datasets:ANet-Captions, TACoS, and YouCookⅡ. Extensive ablation studies and qualitative analysis further validated the interpretability of ViGT.

关键词： video grounding temporal sentence grounding boundary regression token learning proposal-free

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Air Pollution Prediction using Random Forest Classifier: A Case Study of DKI Jakarta

Air Pollution Prediction using Random Forest Classifier: A C...

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2023 International Conference on computer science, Information Technology and Engineering, ICCoSITE 2023

作者： Muljana, Richie Ayuningtyas, Lintang Diah Daksa, Rayhan Prawira Djamhari, Simen Ferdinand Fiezayyan, Muhammad Ariiq Sagala, Noviyanti T M Bina Nusantara University Data Science Program School of Computer Science Jakarta11480 Indonesia Bina Nusantara University School of Computer Science Statistics Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350320954

This research paper analyzes the Air Pollution Standard Index (APSI) in Jakarta, Indonesia, using the Random Forest Classifier (RFC). The study aims to predict the APSI level in Jakarta based on the concentrations of various pollutants, including particulate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3). The data used in the study was collected from a public website called Jakarta Open data from January to December 2020. The SMOTE-Tomek technique was used to handle an imbalanced dataset in this work. The results show that the RFC model accurately predicts the APSI level in Jakarta with an accuracy of 95%. In addition, RFC can identify ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM) are the most critical factors influencing the APSI level. This study provides valuable insights into the factors influencing air pollution in Jakarta and can be used to inform city decision-making regarding air quality management. This paper discusses the finding's significance and potential future research directions. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Carbon monoxide

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A Mathematical and Dynamical Model for Analyzing H-Shaped PM Vernier Motor for Electric Motorcycle Mid-Drive Applications

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IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 2025年第1期40卷 529-543页

作者： Ghods, Mehrage Faiz, Jawad Bazrafshan, Mohammad Amin Gorginpour, Hamed Toulabi, Mohammad Sedigh University of Tehran School of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering Tehran*** Iran Persian Gulf University Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering and Data Science Bushehr*** Iran Oakland University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering RochesterMI48309 United States

The permanent magnet (PM) Vernier machines enhance torque density and decrease cogging torque compared to conventional permanent magnet synchronous motor. This paper presents a novel fractional-slot H-shaped PM Vernier machines, which incorporates unique design for the PM housing and rotor core construction. These designs are specifically optimized for the small-scale electric vehicles application. The choice of the PM arrangement is based on the combination of V-shaped and spoke-array PM topologies. The aim is to achieve a higher torque density than V-shaped PM machines, while reducing cogging torque compared to spoke-array PM machines. By using this methodology, leakage fluxes in the terminal region of the PMs reduce, resulting in an augmentation of both flux-linkage and power factor. A prototype 680 W motor was fabricated with 12 slots and 8 poles to verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed model. Mathematical model and dynamical analysis are proposed for the analytical prediction of machine performance. Due to the unique shape feature of the machine, the conformal mapping approach is applied to design the rotor core. To validate the model, the predicted performance of the motor was compared with those obtained by finite element analysis and experiments. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Permanent magnets

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