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Towards Safer Roads: A Comprehensive Review of Object Detection Techniques for Autonomous Vehicles

SN computer science 2025年第5期6卷 1-20页

作者： Parisapogu, Samson Anosh Babu Narla, Nitya Juryala, Aarthi Ramavath, Siddhu Department of Computer Science and Engineering School of Computing Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amaravati Campus Andhra Pradesh Amaravati 522 503 India Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology Hyderabad 500075 India

Nowadays, people spend a lot of time in travel, and road safety has become an important area of research. As a result, self-driving cars have been gaining popularity in recent years because they have a lot of benefits in terms of reducing traffic congestion and improving road safety, thereby reducing accidents. They also have an environmental benefit as they reduce travel times and hence reduce the usage of fuel. Though a lot of research has already been done in this field, there are always new problems being created and new solutions being found. Apart from self-driving cars, automated navigation also has a huge number of applications. Therefore, it is important to stay up to date about the latest developments in this field. This research is a comprehensive survey that explores and evaluates the different object-detecting algorithms that have been used throughout the years, their advantages, disadvantages, and trade-offs. It also analyses the datasets and benchmarks that have been used for evaluating the models. It aims to identify the gaps in research in this growing field so that it can act as a roadmap for researchers to focus their study on. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Deep learning Object detection Road safety Self-driving YOLO

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Finding Top-k Important Edges on Bipartite Graphs: Ego-betweenness Centrality-based Approaches 39

Finding Top-k Important Edges on Bipartite Graphs: Ego-betwe...

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39th IEEE International Conference on data Engineering, ICDE 2023

作者： Weng, Tongfeng Zhou, Xu Fang, Yixiang Tan, Kian-Lee Li, Kenli Hunan University College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering China The Chinese University of HongKong School of Data Science Shenzhen China National University of Singapore School of Computing Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9798350322279

Bipartite graph is an important data structure that widely exists in disease prevention and control, community detection, and other real-life applications. In a bipartite graph, edges not only connect entries of different types but also are bridges of different communities in the above applications. However, research to date has not yet focused on edge importance in bipartite graphs. Inspired by this, we study a new problem of top-k edge search in bipartite graphs with the goal of finding k most important edges for a given bipartite graph;these edges are crucial bridges among communities. In particular, we introduce the measure of ego-betweenness for evaluating the importance of edges. To handle this problem effectively, a lazy bound-based algorithm is first proposed by integrating an upper bound pruning strategy. After that, to further get better efficiency, a greedy bound-based heuristic algorithm is explored on the basis of a tighter upper bound which contributes to reducing redundant computation for calculating ego-betweenness. Last but not least, two parallel techniques with different levels of granularity, called P -src and P -task, are respectively introduced to further improve the search efficiency. The experimental results on both real-world and synthetic graphs demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of the proposed algorithms. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Heuristic algorithms

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Mapping the Scientific Landscape of Integrated Scheduling Towards Industry 5.0 with A Bibliometric Analysis 6

Mapping the Scientific Landscape of Integrated Scheduling To...

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6th International Conference on Industry 4.0 and Smart Manufacturing, ISM 2024

作者： Putri Ardyanti, Anak Agung Ayu Xie, Zhiqiang Karnyoto, Andrea Stevens Pardamean, Bens Estiyanti, Ni Made School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin University of Science and Technology Harbin150000 China Faculty of Information Technology and Design Primakara University Bali 80226 Indonesia Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center Bina Nusantara University Jakarta11480 Indonesia Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program Master of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta 11480 Indonesia School of Management and Business University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary

The industry is rapidly transitioning from the 4.0 era to the 5.0 era, prompting renewed interest among scholars in scheduling problems. They allow operations to process and assemble various components simultaneously. This bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of the diverse research perspectives on the potential challenges of integrated scheduling within the framework. We identified 357 Scopus articles and analysed co-occurrence keyword (CNK) by VOSViewer tools and Global Citation Score (GCS) by Scopus tools. The research data obtained from 1993 to 2023 mainly in the subject areas of Engineering, computer science, Maths, and others. CNK identified six cluster keywords, and nine most cited articles based on normalised GCS. These results contribute to our understanding of the development of scheduling algorithms, shifting from an emphasis on manufacturing transfers to contemporary demand-centric research directions. Furthermore, this research provides a valuable perspective for policymakers, plant personnel, and manufacturing managers to make informed decisions. © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Job shop scheduling

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MMKGR: Multi-hop Multi-modal Knowledge Graph Reasoning 39

MMKGR: Multi-hop Multi-modal Knowledge Graph Reasoning

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39th IEEE International Conference on data Engineering, ICDE 2023

作者： Zheng, Shangfei Wang, Weiqing Qu, Jianfeng Yin, Hongzhi Chen, Wei Zhao, Lei Soochow University School of Computer Science and Technology China Monash University Department of Data Science and Ai Australia The University of Queensland School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350322279

Multi-modal knowledge graphs (MKGs) include not only the relation triplets, but also related multi-modal auxiliary data (i.e., texts and images), which enhance the diversity of knowledge. However, the natural incompleteness has significantly hindered the applications of MKGs. To tackle the problem, existing studies employ the embedding-based reasoning models to infer the missing knowledge after fusing the multi-modal features. However, the reasoning performance of these methods is limited due to the following problems: (1) ineffective fusion of multi-modal auxiliary features;(2) lack of complex reasoning ability as well as inability to conduct the multi-hop reasoning which is able to infer more missing knowledge. To overcome these problems, we propose a novel model entitled MMKGR (Multi-hop Multi-modal Knowledge Graph Reasoning). Specifically, the model contains the following two components: (1) a unified gate-attention network which is designed to generate effective multi-modal complementary features through sufficient attention interaction and noise reduction;(2) a complementary feature-aware reinforcement learning method which is proposed to predict missing elements by performing the multi-hop reasoning process, based on the features obtained in component (1). The experimental results demonstrate that MMKGR outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches in the MKG reasoning task. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Knowledge graph

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Pushing AI to wireless network edge: an overview on integrated sensing, communication, and computation towards 6G

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science China(Information sciences) 2023年第3期66卷 7-25页

作者： Guangxu ZHU Zhonghao LYU Xiang JIAO Peixi LIU Mingzhe CHEN Jie XU Shuguang CUI Ping ZHANG Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data Future Network of Intelligence Institute (FNii) The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen) School of Science and Engineering (SSE) The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen) State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks School of Electronics Peking University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Data Science and Computing University of Miami Peng Cheng Laboratory State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

Pushing artificial intelligence(AI) from central cloud to network edge has reached board consensus in both industry and academia for materializing the vision of artificial intelligence of things(AIoT) in the sixth-generation(6G) era. This gives rise to an emerging research area known as edge intelligence, which concerns the distillation of human-like intelligence from the vast amount of data scattered at the wireless network edge. Typically, realizing edge intelligence corresponds to the processes of sensing, communication,and computation, which are coupled ingredients for data generation, exchanging, and processing, ***, conventional wireless networks design the three mentioned ingredients separately in a task-agnostic manner, which leads to difficulties in accommodating the stringent demands of ultra-low latency, ultra-high reliability, and high capacity in emerging AI applications like auto-driving and metaverse. This thus prompts a new design paradigm of seamlessly integrated sensing, communication, and computation(ISCC) in a taskoriented manner, which comprehensively accounts for the use of the data in downstream AI tasks. In view of its growing interest, this study provides a timely overview of ISCC for edge intelligence by introducing its basic concept, design challenges, and enabling techniques, surveying the state-of-the-art advancements, and shedding light on the road ahead.

关键词： sixth-generation (6G) edge intelligence artificial intelligence of things (AIoT) integrated sensing communication and computation (ISCC)

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Deep Learning and Artificial Intelligence-Driven Advanced Methods for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Identification and Classification: A Systematic Review

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computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2025年第2期142卷 1199-1231页

作者： Syed Ijaz Ur Rahman Naveed Abbas Sikandar Ali Muhammad Salman Ahmed Alkhayat Jawad Khan Dildar Hussain Yeong Hyeon Gu Department of Computer Science Islamia CollegePeshawar25120Pakistan Department of Information Technology The University of HaripurHaripur22620Pakistan College of Technical Engineering The Islamic UniversityNajaf100986Iraq School of Computing Gachon UniversitySeongnam13120Republic of Korea Department of AI and Data Science Sejong UniversitySeoul05006Republic of Korea

Automatic detection of Leukemia or blood cancer is one of the most challenging tasks that need to be addressed in the healthcare *** of white blood cells(WBCs)in the blood or bone marrow microscopic slide images play a crucial part in early identification to facilitate medical *** Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia(ALL),the most preferred part of the blood or marrow is to be analyzed by the experts before it spreads in the whole body and the condition becomes *** researchers have done a lot of work in this field,to demonstrate a comprehensive analysis few literature reviews have been published focusing on various artificial intelligence-based techniques like machine and deep learning detection of *** systematic review has been done in this article under the PRISMA guidelines which presents the most recent advancements in this *** image segmentation techniques were broadly studied and categorized from various online databases like Google Scholar,science Direct,and PubMed as image processing-based,traditional machine and deep learning-based,and advanced deep learning-based models were *** Neural Networks(CNN)based on traditional models and then the recent advancements in CNN used for the classification of ALL into its subtypes.A critical analysis of the existing methods is provided to offer clarity on the current state of the ***,the paper concludes with insights and suggestions for future research,aiming to guide new researchers in the development of advanced automated systems for detecting life-threatening diseases.

关键词： Acute lymphoblastic bone marrow segmentation classification machine learning deep learning convolutional neural network

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A Timed Calculus with Mobility for Wireless Networks 23

A Timed Calculus with Mobility for Wireless Networks

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4th International Conference on Computing, Networks and Internet of Things, CNIOT 2023

作者： Xie, Wanling Zhu, Huibiao Wu, Xi School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Aliyun School of Big Data School of Software ChangZhou University ChangZhou China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing East China Normal University Shanghai China School of Computer Science The University of Sydney Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9798400700705

Unreliability of communication links is a very common problem in wireless networks, and node mobility as one of significant features may importantly affect the reliability of communication links. In this paper, we present a Timed Calculus with Mobility for Wireless Networks called MTCWN to capture mobility in wireless networks. In our calculus, we introduce a random direction mobility model to depict node movement. With time passing, the mobility function and its timeout will be changed by this mobility model. Our calculus also describe local broadcast communication in wireless networks. Moreover, we study the operational semantics of the MTCWN calculus and illustrate the applications of the semantics rules by examples. © 2023 ACM.

关键词： Wireless networks

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A Real-Time Sentiment Analysis Model of Students by Fusing Attention Mechanism 13

A Real-Time Sentiment Analysis Model of Students by Fusing A...

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13th International Conference on Information Technology in Medicine and Education, ITME 2023

作者： Hu, Pengyun Tang, Xianpiao Yang, Liu Xia, Daoxun School of Big Data and Computer Science Guizhou Normal University China Guizhou Normal University Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Big Data in Education Guiyang China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350319156

By recognizing students' facial expressions in a classroom, it is possible to determine in real-time whether students are confused, dissatisfied or happy. Understanding students' emotional states helps teachers adjust teaching strategies and methods, thus improving the quality and effect of teaching. However, classroom scenarios are often complex, and most previous expression recognition methods suffer from the problems of missing local features and low accuracy. Additionally, the imbalanced distribution of datasets has an impact on the recognition accuracy during model training. Therefore, in this paper, based on deep learning theory, an LCANet model, which incorporates an attention mechanism, is proposed to realize the recognition and analysis of students' expressions during classroom teaching. To optimize the global feature extraction capability of the network, the model uses ConvNeXt V2 as the backbone. Moreover, to enable the model to better focus on the important parts of facial expressions, we add an improved channel space attention (CSA) module to extract local features. In addition, we introduce the LF loss function to alleviate the class imbalance problem in the facial expression dataset. The experimental results show that our LCANet model achieves good recognition rate on the public FERPlus dataset with 91.43% accuracy. Therefore, the proposed LCANet model has good robustness and expression recognition performance. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Students

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A Novel Deep Learning Model Architecture Design that Improves Skin Lesion Diagnosis 24

A Novel Deep Learning Model Architecture Design that Improve...

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8th International Conference on Electronic Information Technology and computer Engineering, EITCE 2024

作者： Lei, Gaoming Zhao, Jian Li, Ning Mei, Fengcheng Qin, Wei Liang, Lixin College of Big Data and Internet Shenzhen Technology University Guangdong Shenzhen China School of Computer Science and Software Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology Guangdong Shenzhen China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400710094

Mainstream deep learning models do not perform well in skin lesion image classification for skin disease diagnosis due to multiple factors, such as noise and illumination intensity variations of skin lesion images, similarity of lesion features, morphological diversity, small volume of datasets and unbalanced image samples. In order to improve the diagnosis performance, in this paper, we first preprocess skin lesion images through a new color constant algorithm to mitigate their illumination intensity variations. Then, we apply a novel deep learning model, which combines multi-scale convolution and attention mechanisms. In the model, stacked multi-scale convolution are used to obtain local and global features of lesion images. Both local and global features are fused as input of the flatten transformer shift window. This approach expands local receptive field of the shift window, focuses more on local and global lesion feature areas of a skin lesion and enhances relationship among local and global features. Extensive experiments demonstrate the efficacy of our method. Compared with other models, our proposed model pays more attention to features in the skin lesion areas. The overall accuracy rate, specificity, and sensitivity have increased by 2.91%, 0.58%, and 4.02% respectively. The overall F1-Score has reached the state-of-the-art value of 0.8841. © 2024 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Leveraging Deep Learning for Precise Chronic Bronchitis Identification in X-Ray Modalities

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第4期83卷 381-405页

作者： Fahad Ahmad Saad Awadh Alanazi Kashaf Junaid Maryam Shabbir Asim Ali School of Computing Faculty of TechnologyUniversity of PortsmouthWinston Churchill Ave SouthseaPortsmouthPO12UPUK Portsmouth Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Center University of PortsmouthWinston Churchill AveSouthseaPortsmouthPO12UPUK Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information SciencesJouf UniversitySakakaAljouf72341Saudi Arabia School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences Queen Mary University of LondonLondonE14NSUK Department of Computer Sciences Bahria UniversityLahorePunjab54700Pakistan

Image processing plays a vital role in various fields such as autonomous systems,healthcare,and cataloging,especially when integrated with deep learning(DL).It is crucial in medical diagnostics,including the early detection of diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),which claimed 3.2 million lives in ***,a life-threatening condition often caused by prolonged exposure to lung irritants and smoking,progresses through *** diagnosis through image processing can significantly improve survival *** encompasses chronic bronchitis(CB)and emphysema;CB particularly increases in smokers and generally affects individuals between 50 and 70 years *** damages the lungs’air sacs,reducing oxygen transport and causing symptoms like coughing and shortness of *** such as beta-agonists and inhaled steroids are used to manage symptoms and prolong lung ***,COVID-19 poses an additional risk to individuals with CB due to its impact on the respiratory *** proposed system utilizes convolutional neural networks(CNN)to diagnose *** this system,CNN extracts essential and significant features from X-ray modalities,which are then fed into the neural *** network undergoes training to recognize patterns and make accurate predictions based on the learned *** leveraging DL techniques,the system aims to enhance the precision and reliability of CB *** research specifically focuses on a subset of 189 lung disease images,carefully selected for model *** further refine the training process,various data augmentation and noise removal techniques are *** techniques significantly enhance the quality of the training data,improving the model’s robustness and *** a result,the diagnostic accuracy has improved from 98.6%to 99.2%.This advancement not only validates the efficacy of our proposed model but also represents a significant improvement over existing *** h

关键词： Deep learning chronic obstructive pulmonary disease chronic bronchitis convolutional neural network X-ray images

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