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arXiv 2025年

作者： Lin, Tianhe Xie, Jian Yuan, Siyu Yang, Deqing School of Data Science Fudan University China School of Computer Science Fudan University China

Test-time compute is emerging as a new paradigm for enhancing language models’ complex multi-step reasoning capabilities, as demonstrated by the success of OpenAI’s o1 and o3, as well as DeepSeek’s R1. Compared to explicit reasoning in test-time compute, implicit reasoning is more inference-efficient, requiring fewer generated tokens. However, why does the advanced reasoning capability fail to emerge in the implicit reasoning style? In this work, we train GPT-2 from scratch on a curated multi-step mathematical reasoning dataset and conduct analytical experiments to investigate how language models perform implicit reasoning in multi-step tasks. Our findings reveal: 1) Language models can perform step-by-step reasoning and achieve high accuracy in both in-domain and out-of-domain tests via implicit reasoning. However, this capability only emerges when trained on fixed-pattern data. 2) Conversely, implicit reasoning abilities emerging from training on unfixed-pattern data tend to overfit a specific pattern and fail to generalize further. Notably, this limitation is also observed in state-of-the-art large language models. These findings suggest that language models acquire implicit reasoning through shortcut learning, enabling strong performance on tasks with similar patterns while lacking generalization. Resources are available on the GitHub. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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Prevention of Security Attacks at Wireless Network Layers using Machine Learning Techniques 18

Prevention of Security Attacks at Wireless Network Layers us...

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18th INDIAcom;11th International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development, INDIACom 2024

作者： Ramisetty, Sowjanya Ghantasala, G. S. Pradeep Gupta, Gaurav Sonia Kg Reddy College of Engineering & Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hyderabad India Alliance University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Bengaluru India Shoolini University Yogananda School of Artificial Intelligence Computers and Data Sciences Solan India

ISBN: (纸本)9789380544519

Wireless sensor networks have great potential for use in flood control, weather forecasting systems, the military, and the healthcare industry. A WSN's nodes are connected to one another and share information. When sending data between nodes, data security is essential. In the world of networking, security is a top priority. data travels along a path when it is transferred from one location to another, increasing the likelihood that a rogue node would enter the network. Detecting malicious nodes within a network presents a formidable challenge, particularly due to external assaults on data packets during their transmission between nodes. Hackers take advantage of weaknesses to manipulate and alter data as it travels from the source node to the destination node. This paper looked at machine learning algorithm-based preventive measures and layer-level security challenges. © 2024 Bharati Vidyapeeth, New Delhi.

关键词： Machine Learning Security Security attacks Wireless Sensor Networks

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Efficient distributed algorithms for holistic aggregation functions on random regular graphs

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science China(Information sciences) 2022年第5期65卷 32-50页

作者： Lin JIA Qiang-Sheng HUA Haoqiang FAN Qiuping WANG Hai JIN National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System/Services Computing Technology and System Lab/Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and Technology Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Science Tsinghua University

In this paper, we propose efficient distributed algorithms for three holistic aggregation functions on random regular graphs that are good candidates for network topology in next-generation data *** three holistic aggregation functions include SELECTION（select the k-th largest or smallest element）,DISTINCT（query the count of distinct elements）, MODE（query the most frequent element）. We design three basic techniques — Pre-order Network Partition, Pairwise-independent Random Walk, and Random Permutation Delivery, and devise the algorithms based on the techniques. The round complexity of the distributed SELECTION is Θ（log N） which meets the lower bound where N is the number of nodes and each node holds a numeric element. The round complexity of the distributed DISTINCT and MODE algorithms are O（log3N/log log N） and O（log2N log log N） respectively. All of our results break the lower bounds obtained on general graphs and our distributed algorithms are all based on the CON GE S T model, which restricts each node to send only O（log N） bits on each edge in one round under synchronous communications.

关键词： distributed algorithms holistic aggregation function random regular graph $\mathcal{CONGEST}$ model communication complexity round complexity

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A sharding blockchain-based UAV system for search and rescue missions

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Frontiers of computer science 2025年第3期19卷 103-118页

作者： Xihan ZHANG Jiashuo ZHANG Jianbo GAO Libin XIA Zhi GUAN Hao HU Zhong CHEN School of Computer Science Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Peking University Chongqing Research Institute of Big Data Chongqing 401329China National Engineering Research Center for Software Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Lab for Novel Software Technology Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

Sharding is a promising technique to tackle the critical weakness of scalability in blockchain-based unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)search and rescue(SAR)*** breaking up the blockchain network into smaller partitions called shards that run independently and in parallel,shardingbased UAV systems can support a large number of search and rescue UAVs with improved scalability,thereby enhancing the rescue ***,the lack of adaptability and interoperability still hinder the application of sharded blockchain in UAV SAR *** refers to making adjustments to the blockchain towards real-time surrounding situations,while interoperability refers to making cross-shard interactions at the mission *** address the above challenges,we propose a blockchain UAV system for SAR missions based on dynamic sharding *** from the benefits in scalability brought by sharding,our system improves adaptability by dynamically creating configurable and mission-exclusive shards,and improves interoperability by supporting calls between smart contracts that are deployed on different *** implement a prototype of our system based on Quorum,give an analysis of the improved adaptability and interoperability,and conduct experiments to evaluate the *** results show our system can achieve the above goals and overcome the weakness of blockchain-based UAV systems in SAR scenarios.

关键词： blockchain sharding unmanned aerial vehicle search and rescue blockchain interoperability

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Augmenting IoT Intrusion Detection System Performance Using Deep Neural Network

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第1期74卷 1351-1374页

作者： Nasir Sayed Muhammad Shoaib Waqas Ahmed Sultan Noman Qasem Abdullah M.Albarrak Faisal Saeed Department of Computer Science Islamia College PeshawarPeshawar25120Pakistan Department of Computer Science CECOS University of IT and Emerging SciencesPeshawar25000Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering HITEC University TaxilaTaxila47080Pakistan Computer Science Department College of Computer and Information SciencesImam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)Riyadh11432Saudi Arabia DAAI Research Group Department of Computing and Data ScienceSchool of Computing and Digital TechnologyBirmingham City UniversityBirminghamB47XGUK

Due to their low power consumption and limited computing power,Internet of Things(IoT)devices are difficult to ***,the rapid growth of IoT devices in homes increases the risk of *** detection systems(IDS)are commonly employed to prevent *** systems detect incoming attacks and instantly notify users to allow for the implementation of appropriate *** have been made in the past to detect new attacks using machine learning and deep learning techniques,however,these efforts have been *** this paper,we propose two deep learning models to automatically detect various types of intrusion attacks in IoT ***,we experimentally evaluate the use of two Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN)to detect nine distinct types of attacks listed in the NF-UNSW-NB15-v2 *** accomplish this goal,the network stream data were initially converted to twodimensional images,which were then used to train the neural network *** also propose two baseline models to demonstrate the performance of the proposed ***,both models achieve high accuracy in detecting the majority of these nine attacks.

关键词： Internet of things intrusion detection system deep learning convolutional neural network supervised learning

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Dynamic Modeling of Antibody Level Changes with Individual Age: The Case of COVID-19 Spread in China

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International Journal of Applied and Computational Mathematics 2023年第5期9卷 1-23页

作者： Li, Li Wang, Yangqing Zhang, Wei School of Computer and Information Technology Shanxi University Shanxi Taiyuan 030006 China Data Science and Technology North University of China Taiyuan 030051 China

COVID-19 is a ribonucleic acid virus with a high mutation frequency and will continue to mutate as time goes on. At the same time, the number of antibodies in the human body will gradually decrease with time. This paper analyzed the dissemination mechanism of COVID-19 in China after implementing the liberalization policy, established a waning immunity model with age heterogeneity, and explored the threshold dynamics of the system and the dynamic behavior of equilibrium. According to the latest release of COVID-19 data from China, the model parameters were fitted and analyzed using the least squares method to verify the model. We also predicted that the peak of the next epidemic in China would come around June 27. Furthermore, we used numerical simulations to research the impact of different infection rates on disease and compare them with the absence of waning immunity. Finally, using the cost-effectiveness analysis method, we determined the best strategy based on the number of deaths and medical resources. The results show that when β₁₁> 0.27 , controlling the transmission rate between people under 65 is the optimal solution;however, when β₁₁< 0.27 , we should pay more attention to the infected people aged 65 and above. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature India Private Limited.

关键词： Age heterogeneity COVID-19 Dynamical model Epidemic control Waning immunity

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AegonKV: A High Bandwidth, Low Tail Latency, and Low Storage Cost KV-Separated LSM Store with SmartSSD-based GC Offloading 23

AegonKV: A High Bandwidth, Low Tail Latency, and Low Storage...

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23rd USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies, FAST 2025

作者： Duan, Zhuohui Feng, Hao Liu, Haikun Liao, Xiaofei Jin, Hai Li, Bangyu National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Service Computing Technology and System Lab/Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology China

ISBN: (纸本)9781939133458

The key-value separation is renowned for its significant mitigation of the write amplification inherent in traditional LSM trees. However, KV separation potentially increases performance overhead in the management of Value region, especially for garbage collection (GC) operation that is used to reduce the redundant space occupation. In response, many efforts have been made to optimize the GC mechanism for KV separation. However, our analysis indicates that such solution based on trade-offs between CPU and I/O overheads cannot simultaneously satisfy the three requirements of KV separated systems in terms of throughput, tail latency, and space usage. This limitation hinders their real-world application. In this paper, we introduce AegonKV, a "three-birds-one-stone" solution that comprehensively enhances the throughput, tail latency, and space usage of KV separated systems. AegonKV first proposes a SmartSSD-based GC offloading mechanism to enable asynchronous GC operations without competing with LSM read/write for bandwidth or CPU. AegonKV leverages offload-friendly data structures and hardware/software execution logic to address the challenges of GC offloading. Experiments demonstrate that AegonKV achieves the largest throughput improvement of 1.28-3.3 times, a significant reduction of 37%-66% in tail latency, and 15%-85% in space overhead compared to existing KV separated systems. © 2025 FAST. All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Digital storage

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A Framework for Multiclass Contour Visualization

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IEEE Transactions on Visualization and computer Graphics 2023年第1期29卷 353-362页

作者： Li, Sihang Yu, Jiacheng Li, Mingxuan Liu, Le Zhang, Xiaolong Luke Yuan, Xiaoru Laboratory of Machine Perception Ministry of Education School of AI Peking University China Center for Data Science Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Analysis and Application Peking University China School of Computer Science Northwestern Polytechnical University China College of Information Sciences and Technology Pennsylvania State University United States

Multiclass contour visualization is often used to interpret complex data attributes in such fields as weather forecasting, computational fluid dynamics, and artificial intelligence. However, effective and accurate representations of underlying data patterns and correlations can be challenging in multiclass contour visualization, primarily due to the inevitable visual cluttering and occlusions when the number of classes is significant. To address this issue, visualization design must carefully choose design parameters to make visualization more comprehensible. With this goal in mind, we proposed a framework for multiclass contour visualization. The framework has two components: a set of four visualization design parameters, which are developed based on an extensive review of literature on contour visualization, and a declarative domain-specific language (DSL) for creating multiclass contour rendering, which enables a fast exploration of those design parameters. A task-oriented user study was conducted to assess how those design parameters affect users' interpretations of real-world data. The study results offered some suggestions on the value choices of design parameters in multiclass contour visualization. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： data visualization

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ImagineNet: Target Speaker Extraction with Intermittent Visual Cue Through Embedding Inpainting 48

ImagineNet: Target Speaker Extraction with Intermittent Visu...

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48th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2023

作者： Pan, Zexu Wang, Wupeng Borsdorf, Marvin Li, Haizhou Institute of Data Science Singapore Singapore Nus Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Singapore Singapore University of Bremen Machine Listening Lab Germany The Chinese University of HongKong Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data School of Data Science Shenzhen China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728163277

The speaker extraction technique seeks to single out the voice of a target speaker from the interfering voices in a speech mixture. Typically an auxiliary reference of the target speaker is used to form voluntary attention. Either a pre-recorded utterance or a synchronized lip movement in a video clip can serve as the auxiliary reference. The use of visual cue is not only feasible, but also effective due to its noise robustness, and becoming popular. However, it is difficult to guarantee that such parallel visual cue is always available in real-world applications where visual occlusion or intermittent communication can occur. In this paper, we study the audio-visual speaker extraction algorithms with intermittent visual cue. We propose a joint speaker extraction and visual embedding inpainting framework to explore the mutual benefits. To encourage the interaction between the two tasks, they are performed alternately with an interlacing structure and optimized jointly. We also propose two types of visual inpainting losses and study our proposed method with two types of popularly used visual embeddings. The experimental results show that we outperform the baseline in terms of signal quality, perceptual quality, and intelligibility. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Extraction

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Adaptive weighted broad learning system for imbalanced classification 6

Adaptive weighted broad learning system for imbalanced class...

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6th IEEE Advanced Information Management, Communicates, Electronic and Automation Control Conference, IMCEC 2024

作者： Li, Yanting Gao, Yiping Jin, Junwei Chen, C. L. Philip Zhengzhou University of Light Industry College of Computer Science and Technology Zhengzhou China Henan University of Technology College of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Zhengzhou China South China University of Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Guangzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316520

Broad Learning System (BLS) perform well in classification tasks with good computational efficiency. However, its effectiveness decreases when faced with imbalanced data distribution. The traditional BLS cannot solve this problem effectively. In this paper, we introduce an adaptive weighted method for BLS, aiming to improve its classification performance on imbalanced data. This method can assign different weights according to the distribution characteristics of samples. There exists a closed-form solution to the problem and the transformation matrix can be solved efficiently by pseudo-inverse. Experimental results on several imbalanced datasets demonstrate that the proposed method surpasses standard BLS and many advanced imbalanced classification methods. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Classification (of information)

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