Organizations involved in developing, maintaining and enhancing software experiment constant changes in all the relevant domains and face increasing demands for improvements in cycle-time, cost-effectiveness and produ...
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Organizations involved in developing, maintaining and enhancing software experiment constant changes in all the relevant domains and face increasing demands for improvements in cycle-time, cost-effectiveness and product quality. Software processs modeling is an effective tool in evaluating changes made to a software project or development organization and to help manage these changes. The relevant aspects of the multifaceted relationship between empirical studies and the building, deployment and usage of software process models are discussed.
The paper builds on the premise that the emerging distributed object infrastructure will logically evolve into a flexible, dynamic data management environment based on a combination of distributed objects, data servic...
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This paper reports on an experiment that examines the effect of presenting a range of tasks using text and image interfaces to subjects with different cognitive styles as defined in the Cognitive Styles Analysis (CSA)...
This paper reports on an experiment that examines the effect of presenting a range of tasks using text and image interfaces to subjects with different cognitive styles as defined in the Cognitive Styles Analysis (CSA) package. The experiment was conducted as part of the Telecare Companion project and follows up another experiment previously reported. The experiment using text and images formed part of a wider experiment that included other media including audio and video. There were two questions that the text and image experiment was expected to answer. (1) For both media, which tasks do subjects perform better than the others. The answer to this question would establish which type of task are suited for which media. (2) What effect does cognitive style have on the performance of subjects. The answer to this question would determine whether it is appropriate for multimedia computer systems to adapt the interface to suit the cognitive style of users.
We present the results from a performance simulation of an IrDA based infrared wireless link involving a handheld portable device in which there is a random variation of angular alignment due to natural directional ha...
We present the results from a performance simulation of an IrDA based infrared wireless link involving a handheld portable device in which there is a random variation of angular alignment due to natural directional hand 'sway' of the device operator. The variation in transmitter angle can affect the link bit-error-rate (BER) by going out of alignment with the receiver, thus affecting the link throughput and file transfer delay due to the requirement of retransmissions at the data link layer of the IrDA protocol if data packets are lost. Results are produced from a simulation model of the IrDA protocol using the OPNET/sup TM/ package, with physical layer properties based on an analytical model of the link topology, and an angular sway model based on a Gaussian distribution of angular positions.
We have developed an interface, which allows online communication in a virtual environment. The interface brings together remotely located collaborating parties in a shared electronic space for their communication. In...
We have developed an interface, which allows online communication in a virtual environment. The interface brings together remotely located collaborating parties in a shared electronic space for their communication. In the current implementation of the interface, the participants can see every participant who is online at a glance. At the same time, the user can see all those who are engaged in communication. In the communication mode, the user can see a display of a facial image of the other person in communication. An important aspect of the interface is that it allows the user to display from a set of discrete expressions in the interface of the other person, remotely. Text to speech conversion has also been incorporated successfully. A shared whiteboard also allows the users to engage in collaborative working. We describe the existing implementation of the interface and discuss and expand on the issues involved in enhancing expressive communication.
The paper builds on the premise that the emerging distributed object infrastructure will logically evolve into a flexible, dynamic data management environment based on a combination of distributed objects, data servic...
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The paper builds on the premise that the emerging distributed object infrastructure will logically evolve into a flexible, dynamic data management environment based on a combination of distributed objects, data services and data self-organisation. In order to fulfil this goal, the distributed object community should draw upon the experience accumulated over the years by database researchers and offer its own long-term vision of distributed data processing. The proposed approach is called dispersed data management to emphasise the fact that the conventional, large information sources are divided into smaller, more manageable data entities that are dynamically distributed across computer networks. If that happens it may well be possible to replace the traditional database systems by general, powerful data management architectures based on common data services.
This paper describes the results of the working group investigating the issues of empirical studies for evolving systems. The groups found that there were many issues that were central to successful evolution and this...
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This paper describes the results of the working group investigating the issues of empirical studies for evolving systems. The groups found that there were many issues that were central to successful evolution and this concluded that this is a very important area within software engineering. Finally nine main areas were selected for consideration. For each of these areas the central issues were identified as well as success factors. In some cases success stories were also described and the critical factors accounting for the success analyzed. In some cases it was later found that a number of areas were so tightly coupled that it was important to discuss them together.
This paper describes a case study into using measurement to aid design evaluation. The study was carried out as an assignment by final year ***. students from an I.T. course. Approximately half of these were part time...
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This paper describes a case study into using measurement to aid design evaluation. The study was carried out as an assignment by final year ***. students from an I.T. course. Approximately half of these were part time students working full time in industry and the others were full time students who had already undertaken a one year industrial placement. After some preparatory tuition, the subjects were given a small system (15 classes) written in Java and an analysis tool to enable them to apply a wide variety of metrics to this system. They were then asked to use measurement results and design heuristics to help them critique the design of the system. The main results from this work were that: measurement was found to be a useful aid to design evaluation; following the study, most subjects said that they would now be more inclined to use measurement than they there previously; support is needed for measurement selection as well as measurement collection; there were significant differences in the way the task was carried out between the full time students and the industrial subjects.
This paper outlines a new design methodology for run-time reconfigurable systems, which advocates closer integration of behavioural, architectural and layout design stages. Such integration permits design space explor...
This paper outlines a new design methodology for run-time reconfigurable systems, which advocates closer integration of behavioural, architectural and layout design stages. Such integration permits design space exploration across different abstraction levels, promising reduction of the number of design iterations and generation of high-quality reconfigurable designs. The paper also introduces a new taxonomy, which allows explicit categorisation of variety of reconfigurable systems.
Using electrical stimulation of lower limb muscles to assist paraplegics to stand has many advantages over conventional passive standing techniques. However, stability and balance needs to be maintained, in response t...
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Using electrical stimulation of lower limb muscles to assist paraplegics to stand has many advantages over conventional passive standing techniques. However, stability and balance needs to be maintained, in response to muscle spasms and fatigue, postural changes and external perturbations, if the system is to be safe for a subject to take one hand off to perform tasks. The authors' system monitors the stand by measuring the knee angles and uses a closed-loop design, based on a PID (proportional-integral-derivative) type, to respond to deviations by adjusting the stimulation to the quadriceps. With this system the authors have stood 24 paraplegics, with 14 using it at home. The authors report their experience from one of their subjects who started retraining his quadriceps with electrical stimulation in October 1998 and first stood three months later. During sessions over the next three months, he was instructed in standing techniques and the closed-loop algorithm was implemented. The authors found that during standing, if the stimulation increased too quickly then strong stomach spasms resulted. This was improved by removing the controller's derivative term and low-level stimulation of the abdominal muscles as a daily exercise routine.
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