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Cryptographic Protocols for Securing Internet of Things (IoT)

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Cryptographic Protocols for Securing Internet of Things (IoT...

International Conference on computing and Networking Technology (ICCNT)

作者： B. Manimekala T. Aravind T. Sounderrajan V. Rajakumareswaran Krishnaveni Kondreddi K. Mohanambal Department of Computer Science Christ University Yeshwanthpur Bengaluru Department of CSE School of Computing Vel TecRangarajanDr.Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology Department of AI and Data Science Erode Sengunthar Engineering College Thuduppathi Tamil Nadu India Department of Computer Science and Design Erode Sengunthar Engineering College Thuduppathi Tamil Nadu India Electrical and Electronics Engineering Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology Gandipet Ranga Reddy Telangana India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Bannariamman Institute of Technology Sathyamangalam

ISBN: (数字)9798350370249

ISBN: (纸本)9798350370270

Cryptographic protocols are used to relax the ever-developing quantity of linked gadgets that make up the net of things (IoT). Those cryptographic protocols have been designed to make certain that IoT tool traffic stays cozy and personal, even while nevertheless allowing tool-to-device and cloud-to-tool communications. Examples of these protocols consist of TLS/SSL, PGP/GPG, IPsec, SSL VPN, and AES encryption. Every one of these protocols enables authentication, message integrity, and confidentiality via encryption and key trade. Moreover, a lot of these protocols are carried out in the form of diverse hardware and software answers, such as smart playing cards and gateways, to make certain that IoT traffic is secured. With the appropriate implementation of those cryptographic protocols, establishments can ensure that their IoT facts are blanketed and securely transmitted.

关键词： Prevention and mitigation Intrusion detection Logic gates Software Hardware Safety Encryption Virtual private networks Internet of Things Cryptographic protocols

Ab initio molecular dynamics and materials design for embedded phase-change memory

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 256-263页

作者： Liang Sun Yu-Xing Zhou Xu-Dong Wang Yu-Han Chen Volker LDeringer Riccardo Mazzarello Wei Zhang Key Laboratory of Materials Processing Engineering College of Materials Science and EngineeringXi’an Shiyou UniversityXi’anChina Center for Alloy Innovation and Design(CAID) State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anChina Materials Studio for Neuro-inspired Computing School of Materials Science and EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anChina Department of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Institute for Theoretical Solid-State Physics JARA-FIT and JARA-HPCRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany Department of Physics Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly Department of Chemistry University of OxfordOxfordUK

The Ge_(2)Sb_(2)Te_(5)alloy has served as the core material in phase-change memories with high switching speed and persistent storage capability at room *** widely used,this composition is not suitable for embedded memories—for example,for automotive applications,which require very high working temperatures above 300℃.Ge–Sb–Te alloys with higher Ge content,most prominently Ge2Sb1Te2(‘212’),have been studied as suitable alternatives,but their atomic structures and structure–property relationships have remained widely ***,we report comprehensive first-principles simulations that give insight into those emerging materials,located on the compositional tie-line between Ge_(2)Sb_(1)Te_(2) and elemental Ge,allowing for a direct comparison with the established Ge_(2)Sb_(2)Te_(5)***-structure computations and smooth overlap of atomic positions(SOAP)similarity analyses explain the role of excess Ge content in the amorphous *** with energetic analyses,a compositional threshold is identified for the viability of a homogeneous amorphous phase(‘zero bit’),which is required for memory *** on the acquired knowledge at the atomic scale,we provide a materials design strategy for high-performance embedded phase-change memories with balanced speed and stability,as well as potentially good cycling capability.

关键词： cycling alloy phase

Missing Data Recovery for Human Mocap Data Based on A-LSTM and LS Constraint 5

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Missing Data Recovery for Human Mocap Data Based on A-LSTM a...

5th IEEE International Conference on Signal and Image Processing, ICSIP 2020

作者： Ji, Lu Liu, Rui Zhou, Dongsheng Zhang, Qiang Wei, Xiaopeng Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Intelligent Computing Ministry of Education School of Software Engineering Dalian University Dalian China School of Computer Science and Technology Dalian University of Technology Dalian China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728168968

Human mocap (motion capture) data has been widely used in many fields. However, influenced by the occlusion and falling, missing of markers is inevitable in optical motion capture system. According to the temporal and spatial characteristics of mocap data, a missing data recovery method based on attention-based LSTM network (A-LSTM) and least-squares (LS) constraint is proposed in this paper. First, the LSTM is chosen as the basic network to estimate the position of the missing markers, in which an attention mechanism is introduced to learn the temporal continuity of human mocap data. Then, a space affine transformation based on least-squares fitting is adopted as the spatial constraint to refine the estimated positions, after which the restored error can be reduced significantly. Experiments show that the proposed A-LSTM+LS method is robust to the length of missing gap and the number of missing markers. Under the same conditions, our method achieves smaller restore error than the state of the art. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Least squares approximations

Photonic Quantum Receiver Attaining the Helstrom Bound

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Warke, Aakash Nötzel, Janis Takase, Kan Asavanant, Warit Nagayoshi, Hironari Fukui, Kosuke Takeda, Shuntaro Furusawa, Akira van Loock, Peter Department of Physics Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz Institute of Physics Staudingerweg 7 Mainz55128 Germany Emmy Noether Group for Theoretical Quantum Systems Design Technical University of Munich MunichD-80333 Germany Department of Applied Physics School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-8656 Japan Optical Quantum Computing Research Team RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing 2-1 Hirosawa Saitama Wako351-0198 Japan

We propose an efficient decomposition scheme for a quantum receiver that attains the Helstrom bound in the low-photon regime for discriminating binary coherent states. Our method, which avoids feedback as used in Dolinar’s case, breaks down nonlinear operations into basic gates used in continuous-variable quantum computation. We account for realistic conditions by examining the impact of photon loss and imperfect photon detection, including the presence of dark counts, while presenting squeezing as a technique to mitigate these noise sources and maintain the advantage over SQL. Our scheme motivates testing quantum advantages with cubic-phase gates and designing photonic quantum computers to optimize symbol-by-symbol measurements in optical communication. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Photons

FLOOD-PREPARED: A NOWCASTING SYSTEM for REAL-TIME IMPACT ADAPTION to SURFACE WATER FLOODING in CITIES 5

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FLOOD-PREPARED: A NOWCASTING SYSTEM for REAL-TIME IMPACT ADA...

5th International Conference on Smart Data and Smart Cities, SDSC 2020

作者： Barr, S.L. Johnson, S. Ming, X. Peppa, M. Dong, N. Wen, Z. Robson, C. Smith, L. James, P. Wilkinson, D. Heaps, S. Laing, Q. Xiao, W. Dawson, R. Ranjan, R. School of Design University of Melbourne Australia Australia School of Engineering Newcastle University United Kingdom School of Mathematics Statistics and Physics Newcastle University United Kingdom School of Computing Newcastle University United Kingdom School of Architecture Building and Civil Engineering Loughborough University United Kingdom

Extreme rainfall events pose an ever increasing threat to cities due to the potential for surface water flooding resulting in damage to properties and major disruption of transport systems. Modern sensor networks offer enormous potential for the real-time monitoring of urban systems and potentially allow improved situational awareness of impeding hazards and their impacts such as flooding. However, monitoring in itself is not enough if we are to be able to adapt in in real-time to hazards. Systems are required that allow analytics and models, that feed of real-time observations, to make predictions of impacts and suggest adaption options ahead of the hazard event. The Flood-PREPARED project is developing a system for real-time adaption to surface water flooding. The system comprises of advanced spatiotemporal models of rainfall, surface water flooding and road traffic impacts. These models are linked and orchestrated within into a Big Data workflow that allows events to be simulated using emerging rainfall data recorded by a short range weather radar. This approach allows nowcasting to be undertaken where predictions of surface water inundation and impacts on the road network can be predicted ahead of the rainfall event reaching the city;thus providing the ability for an improved adaptive response to the actual event. © 2020 S. L. Barr et al.

关键词： Floods

Resolving shortwave and longwave irradiation distributions across the human body in outdoor built environments

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Sadeghi, Kambiz Viswanathan, Shri H. Joshi, Ankit Bartels, Lyle Wereski, Sylwester Jose, Cibin T. Mihaleva, Galina Abdullah, Muhammad Middel, Ariane Rykaczewski, Konrad School for Engineering of Matter Transport and Energy Arizona State University TempeAZ85282 United States Julie Ann Wrigley Global Futures Laboratory Arizona State University TempeAZ85282 United States Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences Maria Curie-Sklodowska University Lublin Poland Herberger Institute for Design and the Arts Arizona State University TempeAZ85282 United States School of Sustainability Arizona State University TempeAZ85282 United States School of Arts Media and Engineering Herberger Institute for Design and the Arts Arizona State University TempeAZ85282 United States School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence Arizona State University TempeAZ85282 United States University 501 E Tyler Mall TempeAZ85282 United States

Outdoor built environments can be designed to enhance thermal comfort, yet the relationship between the two is often assessed in whole-body terms, overlooking the asymmetric nature of thermal interactions between the human body and its surroundings. Moreover, the radiative component of heat exchange—dominant in hot and dry climates—is typically lumped into a single artificial metric, the mean radiant temperature, rather than being resolved into its shortwave and longwave spectral components. The shortwave irradiation distribution on the human body is often highly anisotropic, causing localized thermal discomfort in outdoor environments. However, no existing methods effectively quantify shortwave and longwave irradiation distributions on the human body. To address this gap, we developed two methods to quantify these processes. The first approach uses an outdoor thermal manikin with a white-coated side, enabling the separation of spectral components by subtracting measurements from symmetrically corresponding surface zones of tan color. The second hybrid approach converts radiometer measurements in six directions into boundary conditions for computational thermal manikin simulations. We evaluated irradiation distributions for various body parts using both methods during outdoor measurements across sunny, partially shaded, and fully shaded sites under warm to extremely hot conditions. In most cases, the two methods produced closely aligned results, with divergences highlighting their respective strengths and limitations. Additionally, we used the manikin to quantify irradiation attenuation provided by five long-sleeve shirts with colors ranging from white to black. These advanced methods can be integrated with airflow and thermoregulatory modeling to optimize outdoor built environments for enhanced human thermal comfort. © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Irradiation

Understanding occupants' behaviour, engagement, emotion, and comfort indoors with heterogeneous sensors and wearables

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Gao, Nan Marschall, Max Burry, Jane Watkins, Simon Salim, Flora D. RMIT University School of Computing Technologies Melbourne3000 Australia RMIT University School of Architecture and Urban Design Melbourne3000 Australia Swinburne University of Technology School of Design Melbourne3122 Australia RMIT University School of Engineering Melbourne3000 Australia School of Computer Science and Engineering Sydney1466 Australia

We conducted a field study at a K-12 private school in the suburbs of Melbourne, Australia. The data capture contained two elements: First, a 5-month longitudinal field study In-Gauge using two outdoor weather stations, as well as indoor weather stations in 17 classrooms and temperature sensors on the vents of occupant-controlled room air-conditioners;these were collated into individual datasets for each classroom at a 5-minute logging frequency, including additional data on occupant presence. The dataset was used to derive predictive models of how occupants operate room air-conditioning units. Second, we tracked 23 students and 6 teachers in a 4-week cross-sectional study En-Gage, using wearable sensors to log physiological data, as well as daily surveys to query the occupants' thermal comfort, learning engagement, emotions and seating behaviours. Overall, the combined dataset could be used to analyse the relationships between indoor/outdoor climates and students' behaviours/mental states on campus, which provide opportunities for the future design of intelligent feedback systems to benefit both students and staff. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gages

Neural Network Surrogate and Projected Gradient Descent for Fast and Reliable Finite Element Model Calibration: a Case Study on an Intervertebral Disc

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Atad, Matan Gruber, Gabriel Ribeiro, Marx Nicolini, Luis Fernando Graf, Robert Möller, Hendrik Nispel, Kati Ezhov, Ivan Rueckert, Daniel Kirschke, Jan S. Munich Germany TUM University Hospital Munich Germany Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery University Hospital Halle Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg Saale Halle Germany Department of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Brazil Department of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of Santa Maria Av. Santa Maria Brazil School of Engineering and Design Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Department of Computing Imperial College London London United Kingdom

Accurate calibration of finite element (FE) models is essential across various biomechanical applications, including human intervertebral discs (IVDs), to ensure their reliability and use in diagnosing and planning treatments. However, traditional calibration methods are computationally intensive, requiring iterative, derivative-free optimization algorithms that often take days to converge. This study addresses these challenges by introducing a novel, efficient, and effective calibration method demonstrated on a human L4-L5 IVD FE model as a case study using a neural network (NN) surrogate. The NN surrogate predicts simulation outcomes with high accuracy, outperforming other machine learning models, and significantly reduces the computational cost associated with traditional FE simulations. Next, a Projected Gradient Descent (PGD) approach guided by gradients of the NN surrogate is proposed to efficiently calibrate FE models. Our method explicitly enforces feasibility with a projection step, thus maintaining material bounds throughout the optimization process. The proposed method is evaluated against state-of-the-art Genetic Algorithm (GA) and inverse model baselines on synthetic and in vitro experimental datasets. Our approach demonstrates superior performance on synthetic data, achieving a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.06 compared to the baselines’ MAE of 0.18 and 0.54, respectively. On experimental specimens, our method outperforms the baseline in 5 out of 6 cases. While our approach requires initial dataset generation and surrogate training, these steps are performed only once, and the actual calibration takes under three seconds. In contrast, traditional calibration time scales linearly with the number of specimens, taking up to 8 days in the worst-case. Such efficiency paves the way for applying more complex FE models, potentially extending beyond IVDs, and enabling accurate patient-specific simulations. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Inverse problems

EEGUnity: Open-Source Tool in Facilitating Unified EEG Datasets Towards Large-Scale EEG Model

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Qin, Chengxuan Yang, Rui You, Wenlong Chen, Zhige Zhu, Longsheng Huang, Mengjie Wang, Zidong School of Advanced Technology Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University Suzhou215123 China School of Electrical Engineering Electronics and Computer Science University of Liverpool LiverpoolL69 3BX United Kingdom Department of Computing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Design School Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University Suzhou215123 China Department of Computer Science Brunel University London Uxbridge MiddlesexUB8 3PH United Kingdom

The increasing number of dispersed EEG dataset publications and the advancement of large-scale Electroencephalogram (EEG) models have increased the demand for practical tools to manage diverse EEG datasets. However, the inherent complexity of EEG data, characterized by variability in content data, metadata, and data formats, poses challenges for integrating multiple datasets and conducting large-scale EEG model research. To tackle the challenges, this paper introduces EEGUnity, an open-source tool that incorporates modules of "EEG Parser", "Correction", "Batch Processing", and "Large Language Model Boost". Leveraging the functionality of such modules, EEGUnity facilitates the efficient management of multiple EEG datasets, such as intelligent data structure inference, data cleaning, and data unification. In addition, the capabilities of EEGUnity ensure high data quality and consistency, providing a reliable foundation for large-scale EEG data research. EEGUnity is evaluated across 25 EEG datasets from different sources, offering several typical batch processing workflows. The results demonstrate the high performance and flexibility of EEGUnity in parsing and data processing. The project code is publicly available at ***/Baizhige/EEGUnity. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Data integration