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Noncontact Doppler Radar-based Heart Rate Detection on the SVD and ANC

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Noncontact Doppler Radar-based Heart Rate Detection on the S...

2022 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, BIBM 2022

作者： Shi, Qiuxia Hu, Bin Tian, Fuze Zhao, Qinglin Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing School of Information Science and Engineering Lanzhou University China School of Computer and Communication Lanzhou University of Technology China Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials and Structural Design Lanzhou University Ministry of Education Lanzhou China CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences China Joint Research Center for Cognitive Neurosensor Technology of Lanzhou University Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences China Engineering Research Center of Open Source Software and Real-Time System Lanzhou University Ministry of Education China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665468190

In the Doppler biological radar-based applications of noncontact measurement of vital signs, effectively extracting heartbeat information from weak thoracic mechanical motion is an important problem to be solved. This study is aimed at extracting heartbeat signal via the technology combined with Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT), Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and Adaptive Noise Canceller (ANC) from radar recording. The simulated data and the data collected by Doppler radar biosensor realized in laboratory are employed to validate the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method has the ability of detection for the heart rate and heart rate variability indexes in rest state, it has certain advantages in time-consuming and detection accuracy. Therefore, the current method provides another way to process vital sign signals recorded by Doppler radar. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Singular value decomposition

Collaboration with Conversational AI Assistants for UX Evaluation: Questions and How to Ask them (Voice vs. Text)

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Kuang, Emily Soure, Ehsan Jahangirzadeh Fan, Mingming Zhao, Jian Shinohara, Kristen Golisano College of Computing and Information Sciences Rochester Institute of Technology United States School of Computer Science University of Waterloo Canada Computational Media and Arts Thrust The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Guangzhou China Division of Integrative Systems and Design Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology China School of Information Rochester Institute of Technology United States

AI is promising in assisting UX evaluators with analyzing usability tests, but its judgments are typically presented as non-interactive visualizations. Evaluators may have questions about test recordings, but have no way of asking them. Interactive conversational assistants provide a Q&A dynamic that may improve analysis efficiency and evaluator autonomy. To understand the full range of analysis-related questions, we conducted a Wizard-of-Oz design probe study with 20 participants who interacted with simulated AI assistants via text or voice. We found that participants asked for five categories of information: user actions, user mental model, help from the AI assistant, product and task information, and user demographics. Those who used the text assistant asked more questions, but the question lengths were similar. The text assistant was perceived as significantly more efficient, but both were rated equally in satisfaction and trust. We also provide design considerations for future conversational AI assistants for UX evaluation. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Visualization

Cartpole Problem with PDL and GP Using Multi-objective Fitness Functions Differing in a Priori Knowledge 1

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14th International Conference on Multi-disciplinary Trends in Artificial Intelligence, MIWAI 2021

作者： Shannon, Peter David Nehaniv, Chrystopher L. Phon-Amnuaisuk, Somnuk Adaptive Systems Research Group Centre for Computer Science & Informatics Research University of Hertfordshire Hatfield United Kingdom Laksmana College of Business Bandar Seri Begawan Brunei Department of Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo WaterlooON Canada Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Waterloo WaterlooON Canada School of Computing and Informatics Universiti of Teknologi Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan Brunei

ISBN: (数字)9783030802530

ISBN: (纸本)9783030802523

We present a study looking at the effect of a priori domain knowledge on an EA fitness function. Our experiment has two aims: (1) applying an existing NSGA-II framework for GP with PDL to the cartpole problem—applying GP & PDL to cartpole and a purely behavioral problem for the first time—and (2) contrasting two multi-objective fitness functions: one with high and the other with low a priori domain knowledge. In our experiment we created two populations with an EA, varying in the number of objectives use for the fitness function, 2 objective criteria to represent low a priori knowledge and 3 to represent high. With fitness functions tailored to find specifically prescribed solutions we expect greater discriminating power and more feedback to an evolutionary process. This comes at the cost of excluding some unexpected solutions from the evolutionary process and placing a greater burden on the designer. We address the question: how large is the disadvantage for the low a priori fitness function in a worst-case scenario, where innovative solutions will not enhance performance. This question is interesting because we would prefer to guide EA with simple, easy to create and understand, objective criteria rather than complex and highly specific criteria. Understanding any associated penalty for using simple, easy to create fitness functions, is crucial in assessing how much effort and should be put into designing objective criteria. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Domain Knowledge

Heterogeneous message passing for heterogeneous networks

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Physical Review E 2023年第3期108卷 034310-034310页

作者： George T. Cantwell Alec Kirkley Filippo Radicchi Santa Fe Institute 1399 Hyde Park Road Santa Fe New Mexico 87501 USA Department of Engineering University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1PZ United Kingdom Institute of Data Science University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Department of Urban Planning and Design University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Urban Systems Institute University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Center for Complex Networks and Systems Research School of Informatics Computing and Engineering Indiana University Bloomington Indiana 47408 USA

Message passing (MP) is a computational technique used to find approximate solutions to a variety of problems defined on networks. MP approximations are generally accurate in locally treelike networks but require corrections to maintain their accuracy level in networks rich with short cycles. However, MP may already be computationally challenging on very large networks and additional costs incurred by correcting for cycles could be prohibitive. We show how the issue can be addressed. By allowing each node in the network to have its own level of approximation, one can focus on improving the accuracy of MP approaches in a targeted manner. We perform a systematic analysis of 109 real-world networks and show that our node-based MP approximation is able to increase both the accuracy and speed of traditional MP approaches. We find that, compared to conventional MP, a heterogeneous approach based on a simple heuristic is more accurate in 81% of tested networks, faster in 64% of cases, and both more accurate and faster in 49% of cases.

关键词： Complex networks Real world networks

Distributed Energy Management Analysis for Microgrids

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Distributed Energy Management Analysis for Microgrids

International Universities Power engineering Conference (UPEC)

作者： Muhammad Majid Hussain Waqas Javed Rizwan Akram Tasmiyah Javed Abdul Razaq Muhammad Siddique Faculty of Computing Engineering & Science University of South Wales Cardiff UK School of Computing Engineering and Built Enviornment Glasgow Caledonian University Glasgow UK College of Engineering Qassim Univeristy Buraydah Saudi Arabia Univeristy of Engineering and Technology Lahore Pakistan School of Design & Informatics Abertay University Dundee United Kingdom NFC Institute of Engineering & Technology Multan Pakistan

A key method of reducing energy usage and bills is collaborative demand management of buildings, and smart distribution networks using local renewable energy integrated sources. Emerging technologies such as the IOT (internet of things) can be integrated with grids, allowing bidirectional communication between customers and suppliers, while supporting remote management and monitoring of live energy usage. These systems create opportunities to deal with the distributed aggregation and control of distributed energy resources (DERs). Investigating how DERs are used at residential level in buildings such as smart houses reveal new possibilities relating to how the demand side can be made more efficient. In the long term, reducing energy demand during onpeak hours is a step towards creating a clean energy future. The primary goal of this paper is to observe and investigate how specific DSM strategies minimize energy consumption while maximizing efficiency with the use of new emerging technologies. A software called ETAP is used to analyse the integration of distributed generation such as renewable energy sources (RES) to utilize local power storage. In short, this is useful in providing flexibility to consumers. A PV system was also tested with an individual domestic load using an energy management system. This test examined how appliance energy usage can be reduced and shows why a management system is required to optimally utilize a PV system.

关键词： Renewable energy sources Schedules Energy consumption Buildings Software Wind turbines Smart grids

Enhancing Older Adults’ Gesture Typing Experience Using the T9 Keyboard on Small Touchscreen Devices

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Kuang, Emily Chen, Ruihuan Fan, Mingming Golisano College of Computing and Information Sciences Rochester Institute of Technology United States School of Information Rochester Institute of Technology United States Computational Media and Arts Thrust The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Guangzhou China Division of Integrative Systems and Design Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology China

Older adults increasingly adopt small-screen devices, but limited motor dexterity hinders their ability to type effectively. While a 9-key (T9) keyboard allocates larger space to each key, it is shared by multiple consecutive letters. Consequently, users must interrupt their gestures when typing consecutive letters, leading to inefficiencies and poor user experience. Thus, we proposed a novel keyboard that leverages the currently unused key 1 to duplicate letters from the previous key, allowing the entry of consecutive letters without interruptions. A user study with 12 older adults showed that it significantly outperformed the T9 with wiggle gesture in typing speed, KSPC, insertion errors, and deletes per word while achieving comparable performance as the conventional T9. Repeating the typing tasks with 12 young adults found that the advantages of the novel T9 were consistent or enhanced. We also provide error analysis and design considerations for improving gesture typing on T9 for older adults. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Touch screens

Band gap and pseudocapacitance of Gd2O3 doped with Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Azeem, M. Abbas, Q. Abdelkareem, M.A. Olabi, A.G. Department of Applied Physics and Astronomy University of Sharjah University City Sharjah27272 United Arab Emirates Sustainable Energy & Power Systems Research Centre RISE University of Sharjah P.O. Box 27272 Sharjah United Arab Emirates School of Engineering Computing & Physical Sciences University of the West of Scotland PaisleyPA1 2BE United Kingdom Mechanical Engineering and Design Aston University School of Engineering and Applied Science Aston Triangle BirminghamB4 7ET United Kingdom

Herein, we present a detailed study of the structural, optical, and electrochemical responses of Gd2O3 doped with nickel zinc ferrite nanoparticles. Doping of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles to Gd2O3 powder was done through thermal decomposition at 1000 ℃. The average grain size of the mixture was determined to be approximately 95 nm, and phases of cubic Gd2O3, GdO, and orthorhombic prisms of GdFeO3 were identified. The focused ion beam energy dispersive X-ray spectrum (FIB-EDX) mapping results clearly show the morphology of the particles with Gd and Fe as the dominant elements. The structural data were compared with the spectroscopic measurements confirming the formation of multiple phases of oxides and ferrites. The measured optical band gap is significantly redshifted to 1.8 eV and is close to that of nitride compounds of gadolinium metal. The measured specific capacitance was almost 7 Fg-1 at a current density of 1 Ag-1, showing a small drop of 27% when the current density is increased to 10 Ag-1. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) plots of the ferrite doped Gd2O3 electrode at a scan rate of 5 to 100 mV/s indicate the pseudocapacitive nature of the material. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gadolinium compounds

RTStitch: Real-time Stitching of High-resolution PCB Images *

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RTStitch: Real-time Stitching of High-resolution PCB Images ...

IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： Wenbin Yang Xianzhong Liu Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing School of Software Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai China Software/Hardware Co-design Engineering Research Center MoE School of Software Engineering East China Normal University Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665442084

In the Automatic Optical Inspection (AOI) system, it is necessary to stitch high-resolution Printed Circuit Board (PCB) partial images in real time to obtain a panoramic image. However, the proportion of the overlapping area of these images is usually relatively small, and there are few feature points in the overlap area of some images. Traditional image stitching algorithms are not effective in processing such images, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of real-time stitching. Therefore, we propose RTStitch, a method specially used for real-time stitching of high-resolution PCB images in AOI systems. We divide the images into two categories. An image with a large change in the pixel gray value of the first column in the overlapping area is the first type of image, otherwise, it is the second type of image. We use different methods to obtain a relatively accurate maximum overlap position for these two types of images. Besides, we propose a new method of selecting template images, then perform template matching to obtain horizontal and vertical errors. We focus on the areas where the gray level changes drastically in the overlapping area to improve the accuracy of the registration. Our experimental results show that for the first type of image, RTStitch improves the registration accuracy by more than 2%, while for the second type of image, the registration accuracy is improved by more than 10%. And more than doubled the stitching speed. Moreover, RTStitch can meet the high-precision and real-time requirements of the AOI system.

关键词： Splicing Conferences Printed circuits Cameras Real-time systems Automatic optical inspection Image stitching

Improving the Noise Estimation of Latent Neural Stochastic Differential Equations

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Heck, Linus Gelbrecht, M. Schaub, M. Boers, N. Institute for Computing and Information Sciences Radboud University Nijmegen Netherlands Earth System Modelling School of Engineering and Design TU Munich Germany Computational Network Science Dept of Computer Science RWTH Aachen University Germany Department of Computer Science RWTH Aachen University Germany Complexity Science Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research Potsdam Germany Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Exeter Exeter United Kingdom

Latent neural stochastic differential equations (SDEs) have recently emerged as a promising approach for learning generative models from stochastic time series data. However, they systematically underestimate the noise level inherent in such data, limiting their ability to capture stochastic dynamics accurately. We investigate this underestimation in detail and propose a straightforward solution: by including an explicit additional noise regularization in the loss function, we are able to learn a model that accurately captures the diffusion component of the data. We demonstrate our results on a conceptual model system that highlights the improved latent neural SDE’s capability to model stochastic bistable dynamics. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Stochastic models