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Nature Reviews Clean Technology 2025年第1期1卷

作者： Xiaotu Ma Zifei Meng Yan Wang Marilena Velonia Bellonia Jeffrey Spangenberger Gavin Harper Eric Gratz Elsa Olivetti Renata Arsenault Mechanical and Materials Engineering Department Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA USA Technology and Policy Program Institute for Data Systems and Society Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA ReCell Center Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL USA School of Metallurgy and Materials University of Birmingham Birmingham UK The Faraday Institution Harwell Science and Innovation Campus Didcot UK Ascend Elements Inc. Westborough MA USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Ford Ion Park Battery Center of Excellence Romulus MI USA

Demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is increasing owing to the expanding use of electrical vehicles and stationary energy storage. Efficient and closed-loop battery recycling strategies are therefore needed, which will require recovering materials from spent LIBs and reintegrating them into new batteries. In this Review, we outline the current state of LIB recycling, evaluating industrial and developing technologies. Among industrial technologies, pyrometallurgy can be broadly applied to diverse electrode materials but requires operating temperatures of over 1,000 °C and therefore has high energy consumption. Hydrometallurgy can be performed at temperatures below 200 °C and has material recovery rates of up to 93% for lithium, nickel and cobalt, but it produces large amounts of wastewater. Developing technologies such as direct recycling and upcycling aim to increase the efficiency of LIB recycling and rely on improved pretreatment processes with automated disassembly and cleaner mechanical separation. Additionally, the range of materials recovered from spent LIBs is expanding from the cathode materials recycled with established methods to include anode materials, electrolytes, binders, separators and current collectors. Achieving an efficient recycling ecosystem will require collaboration between recyclers, battery manufacturers and electric vehicle manufacturers to aid the design and automation of battery disassembly lines.

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InP/ZnS core/shell quantum dots: Synthesis, characterization and their application in fullerene derivative based flexible solar cells

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Results in Physics 2025年 69卷

作者： Zhichu, Chen Tahir, Muhammad Muhammad, Fida Aziz, Fakhra Ayub, Ambreen Badshah, Fazal Refat, Moamen S. Cakmak, Sadiye M. Rehan, Shanza Adam, Abdel Majid A. Alsuhaibani, Amnah Mohammed Ayob, Afida Sarker, Mahidur R Khan, Adam School of Electrical and Information Engineering Hubei University of Automotive Technology Shiyan 442002 China Semiconductor Physics & Devices Laboratory Department of Physics Faculty of Physical and Numerical Sciences Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan 23200 Pakistan Department of Electronics University of Peshawar KP Pakistan Department of Physics Women University Mardan KP 23200 Pakistan Department of Chemistry College of Science Taif University P.O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia Program of Medical Monitoring Techniques Osmangazi University Eskisehir Eskisehir 26040 Turkey Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology Topi 23640 Pakistan Department of Physical Sport Sciences College of Sport Sciences & Physical Activity Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia Centre for Integrated Systems Engineering and Advanced Technologies (INTEGRA) Department of Electrical Electronic and Systems Engineering Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi 43600 Malaysia Institute of Visual Informatics Universiti Kebangsaan Selangor Malaysia Bangi 43600 Malaysia Universidad de Diseno Innovacion y Tecnología UDIT Av. Alfonso XIII 97 Madrid 28016 Spain Department of Electronics Engineering University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar (Abbottabad Campus) Abbottabad Pakistan

Herein, we report on the synthesis and characterization of p-type semiconductor indium phosphide/zinc sulphide (InP/ZnS) core/shell quantum dots (QDs) prepared via a simple solvothermal method and their potential application in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) flexible solar cell (SC). The BHJ SC composed of donor–acceptor (D-A) configuration at nanoscale provides larger interfacial junction area throughout the bulk volume of the photo-absorber D-A blend that facilitates excitons to efficiently dissociate within the bulk layer at D-A interface. Hence, InP/ZnS core–shell QDs and a fullerene derivative – phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) – are used as hybrid inorganic–organic D-A materials, respectively, to fabricate Ag/LiF/InP/ZnS-PCBM/P3HT/ITO/PET BHJ flexible SC. Indium tin oxide (ITO) coated on polyethylene terephthalate (PET), poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), lithium fluoride (LiF) and silver (Ag) are employed as a flexible substrate, hole transport layer (HTL), electron transport layer (ETL) and counter electrode, respectively. Photovoltaic (PV) properties of the fabricated BHJ flexible SC are studied under standard testing conditions (STC) i.e., 25 ⁰C, 1.5 AM global and 100 mW/cm² irradiation, which exhibit fill factor (FF) of 59 ± 0.02 % and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.22 ± 0.05 %. Also, the heterojunction characteristics are investigated in dark condition (0 lx) to find series resistance (R_s), ideality factor (n), and reverse saturation current (I₀). X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy are performed to further investigate the properties of InP/ZnS-PCBM thin films. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of InP/ZnS core/shell QDs confirmed the successful synthesis of QDs having an average size of 5 ± 1 nm. The InP/ZnS-PCBM D-A photo-absorber layer reveals its potential as one of good candidates for hi

关键词： Flexible solar cell Hybrid bulk heterojunction (BHJ) InP/ZnS core/shell QDs Power conversion efficiency (PCE) Quantum dots (QDs) synthesis

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Reed pyrolysis system using multi-stage quench scheme for furfural and chemical production: Process analysis and life cycle assessment

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Fuel 2025年 400卷

作者： Xu, Juntian Pan, Hongmin Zhou, Shaomin Haijin, Lan Zhan, Lulu Wang, Saige Li, Rui Wu, Yulong MOE Engineering Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China Ulansuhai Nur Ecological Protection Center Inner Mongolia 015000 China Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Beijing Engineering Research Center for Biofuels Beijing 100084 China School of Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science & Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China Advancing Systems Analysis (ASA) Program International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Laxenburg 2361 Australia

This study presents an efficient utilization strategy for reed pyrolysis products, focusing on furfural as the primary product, along with acetic acid, wood vinegar, and phenol-rich oil. Based on this, the Energy-Integration Resource Utilization (EIRU) process, which incorporates a multi-stage quenching method, is developed. This process effectively removes most water from the main organic compounds during condensation by harnessing the internal heat of the high-temperature pyrolysis product stream from the reactor. Compared to conventional pyrolysis process, the EIRU can reduce energy consumption by 50 %. Life cycle assessment reveals that the EIRU process significantly reduces key environmental impact factors, including 90.15 kg CO2 eq. reduction in Global Warming Potential (GWP), 22.95 kg 1,4-DB eq. reduction in Human Toxicity Potential (HTP), and 1.86 kg Sb eq. reduction in Abiotic Depletion Potential (ADP). Additionally, the EIRU process yields a profit of 151.69 USD/ton, which is 14.81 USD/ton higher than the conventional process. This study highlights the superior environmental and economic performance of the EIRU process, positioning it as a more sustainable and profitable solution for reed pyrolysis. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Biomass Energy efficiency Environmental impact Process optimization Sustainability assessment

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Machining processes for sapphire wafers: A literature review

Machining processes for sapphire wafers: A literature review

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作者： Li, Z.C. Pei, Z.J. Funkenbusch, P.D. Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University Greensboro NC 27411 United States Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering Kansas State University Manhattan KS United States Materials Science Program Department of Mechanical Engineering Hajim School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Rochester NY United States

Sapphire wafers are widely used as the substrates for fabricating GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The quality of LEDs depends directly on the quality of the sapphire wafers. A series of machining processes is required to turn sapphire barstock into wafers with the desired geometry and surface quality. This paper reviews the literature on various machining processes for sapphire wafers: slicing (including outer diameter cut-off grinding, inner diameter cut-off grinding, loose abrasive multi-wire sawing, fixed abrasive slicing, and fixed abrasive multi-wire sawing), flattening (including lapping and grinding), and surface finishing (including mechanical polishing and chemical mechanical polishing). New machining technologies are also introduced.

关键词： Grinding (machining)

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The impact of two-way formative feedback and web-enabled resources on student resource use and performance in materials courses 122

The impact of two-way formative feedback and web-enabled res...

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2015 122nd ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition

作者： Krause, Stephen J. Baker, Dale R. Carberry, Adam R. Alford, Terry L. Ankeny, Casey Jane Brooks, Bill Jay Koretsky, Milo Gibbons, Brady J. Arizona State University Materials Science Program Fulton School of Engineering United States Arizona State University School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering United States Oregon State University School of Chemical Biological and Environmental Engineering United States Oregon State University Department of Chemical Engineering United States Oregon State University United States

Two-way formative feedback has been used extensively in the JTF (Just-in-Time-Teaching with Frequent Formative Feedback) project to help instructors understand student thinking and respond with directed feedback and creation of web-enabled student learning resources. When students respond to an open-ended question about issues on content and concepts in a class (e.g. Muddiest Points) their anonymous responses extend beyond the boundaries of the framework an instructor uses to organize, communicate, assess and evaluate their knowledge and understanding. So, if there are hidden issues that impede student learning, such as misconceptions, skill gaps (like charting), difficult concepts, vocabulary ambiguities, etc., the instructor may never become aware of them. In formative feedback students' needs and issues are the defining framework of learning issues, impediments, and barriers that an instructor can address for more effective teaching. Thus, students are empowered to play a role in their learning when they provide input about their instruction. Instructors in the JTF project have created a variety of web-enabled tools and resources to address issues revealed by student feedback acquired by using Concept Warehouse or Blackboard survey tools. One tool is "pencasts" in which a smart pen captures a person's writing and/or drawing on a notepad along with audio input to make a "pencast" recording as an audio PDF. These tutorial problem pencasts have been made into videos for the YouTube on the channel MSEASUproblems. Another popular student resource is Muddiest Point YouTube videos at ***/user/materialsConcepts. Another resource is at ***, a web-enabled illustrated vocabulary resource at http://***/MatSciASU. A final resource is ***, a public web site to which slide sets can be uploaded, with an example at http://***/mseasuslides. The use of these and other resources, such as textbooks, class notes, course slide sets,

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A local control network autopilot for an unmanned surface vehicle

A local control network autopilot for an unmanned surface ve...

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9th IFAC Conference on Manoeuvring and Control of Marine Craft, MCMC 2012

作者： Sharma, S.K. Sutton, R. Roberts, G.N. Marine and Industrial Dynamic Analysis Group Advanced Materials and Engineering Systems School of Marine Science and Engineering Plymouth University Plymouth PL4 8AA United Kingdom Faculty of Mathematics Computing and Technology Open University in the South West Bristol BS1 6ND United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9783902823601

Although marine craft are renowned for their nonlinear dynamic behaviour, autopilot system designs are still being developed based on linear control methodologies. Thus to overcome any limitations in the performance capabilities of such systems, it is appropriate to consider designing nonlinear autopilots. This paper reports an investigation into a novel approach to marine control systems design based on local control network (LCN) techniques. The approach is used to design an autopilot for controlling the nonlinear yaw dynamics of an unmanned surface vehicle and is benchmarked against another based on a standard proportional-integral-derivative controller. Simulation results are presented and the performances of the autopilots are compared using standard system performance criteria. From the results it can be observed that the LCN is more efficient compared to the PID controller. Also it out performs its PID counterpart in terms of the selected criteria. © IFAC.

关键词： Genetic algorithms

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Interfacing bioactive glass with silk fibroin: a soft matter approach to tunable mechanics and enhanced biocompatibility

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Soft Matter 2025年 2025 May 14页

作者： Methachittipan, Apipon Vejpongsa, Ayuth Manissorn, Juthatip Khwannimit, Duangruedee Wannalobon, Thanaphum Ngambenjawong, Chayanon Damrongsakkul, Siriporn Wangkanont, Kittikhun Tonsomboon, Khaow Usaku, Chonlatep Thongnuek, Peerapat International School of Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Pathumwan 10330 Thailand Biomedical Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Pathumwan 10330 Thailand Biomedical Engineering Research Center Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Pathumwan 10330 Thailand Center of Excellence in Biomaterial Engineering in Medical and Health Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Pathumwan 10330 Thailand School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) Wangchan Valley Rayong 21210 Thailand Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Pathumwan 10330 Thailand Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Pathumwan 10330 Thailand National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC) National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) Pathum Thani Klong Luang 12120 Thailand Research Unit on Sustainable Algal Cultivation and Applications Bio-Circular-Green-economy Technology & Engineering Center BCGeTEC Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Phayathai Road Patumwan 10330 Bangkok Thailand Biomedical Materials and Devices for Revolutionary and Integrative Systems Engineering (BMD-RISE) Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Pathumwan 10330 Thailand

Tissue-engineering scaffolds must balance mechanical compatibility with biological performance to support effective tissue regeneration. Bioactive glass (BG), valued for its strength and bone-bonding ability, often suffers from high stiffness, risking stress shielding. To address this limitation, we hybridized BG with silk fibroin (SF), a soft, biocompatible protein, to create (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPTMS)-crosslinked BG-SF scaffolds with tunable mechanics and enhanced cellular interactions. Fabricated via the sol-gel technique with varying BG-to-SF ratios, the scaffolds demonstrated increased porosity with higher SF content, positioning SF as a natural alternative to chemical porogens. Mechanical testing revealed that incorporating SF reduced BG stiffness, improved flexibility, and enhanced toughness, aligning the scaffold properties with those of native tissues. Fatigue testing confirmed greater durability in SF-enriched scaffolds, while degradation studies highlighted controllable rates conducive to tissue regeneration. Remarkably, as little as 10 wt% SF increased cell survival by 6.5-fold in biocompatibility assays. These findings underscore the synergy between BG and SF, presenting a soft matter strategy for designing scaffolds with customizable properties for tissue-engineering applications. © 2025 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

关键词： Fiber bonding

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No external load measurement strategy for micro thermoelectric generator based on high-performance Si_(1-x-y)Ge_(x)Sn_(y) film

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Journal of Materiomics 2021年第4期7卷 665-671页

作者： Ying Peng Sijing Zhu Huajun Lai Jie Gao Masashi Kurosawa Osamu Nakatsuka Sakae Tanemura Biaolin Peng Lei Miao Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Material School of Material Science and EngineeringGuilin University of Electronic TechnologyGuilin541004China Department of Materials Physics Graduate School of EngineeringNagoya UniversityNagoya464-8603Japan PRESTO Japan Science and Technology Agency4-1-8HonchoKawaguchiSaitama332-0012Japan Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability Nagoya UniversityNagoya464-8601Japan Japan Fine Ceramics Center 2-4-1 MutsunoAtsuta-kuNagoya456-8587Japan Center on Nanoenergy Research Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metal and Featured MaterialsGuangxi Key Laboratory for Relativity AstrophysicsNanning530004China Department of Materials Science and Engineering SIT Research LaboratoriesInnovative Global ProgramFaculty of EngineeringShibaura Institute of TechnologyTokyo135-8548Japan

In this study,a micro in-plane p-type thermoelectric generator(TEG),which consists of thin-film Si_(1-x-y)Ge_(x)Sn_(y) ternary alloy semiconductor on insulator,is developed to make efficient use of waste heat such as human body.A power factor value as high as 1095 mWm^(-1) K^(-2) had been achieved using Bion implanted and short-term rapid thermal annealing(RTA)*** addition,a measuring scheme for micro TEG without external load resistance was *** one measuring session,multiple parameters can be *** micro single-arm TEG prepared by semiconductor process can output 0.29 nW power at a temperature difference of 15 K,and a cross-sectional power density has reached up to 0.58 mW/cm^(2),which is a superior value for wearable *** findings of this study have important reference value for wearable device performance improvement and output power measuring of micro TEG.

关键词： Si_(1-x-y)Ge_(x)Sn_(y) film P-type TEG No external load measurement Ambient power density

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Techno-economic and life-cycle assessment of electrochemical captured CO2 conversion process in monoethanolamine

Techno-economic and life-cycle assessment of electrochemical...

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2022 AIChE Annual Meeting

作者： Lee, Suhyun Choi, Woong Kim, Jae Hyung Hwang, Yun Jeong Na, Jonggeol Ewha Womans University School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Korea Republic of Ewha Womans University Graduate program in System Health Science and Engineering Korea Republic of Clean Energy Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology Korea Republic of Seoul National University School of Chemistry Korea Republic of Korea Republic of Ewha Womans University Dept. of Chemical Engineering & Material science Advanced Manufacturing Systems Laboratory Korea Republic of

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Challenges for and Pathways toward Li-MetalBased All-Solid-State Batteries

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ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2021年第4期6卷 1399-1404页

作者： Albertus, Paul Anandan, Venkataramani Ban, Chunmei Balsara, Nitash Belharouak, Ilias Buettner-Garrett, Josh Chen, Zonghai Daniel, Claus Doeff, Marca Dudney, Nancy J. Dunn, Bruce Harris, Stephen J. Herle, Subramanya Herbert, Eric Kalnaus, Sergiy Libera, Joesph A. Lu, Dongping Martin, Steve McCloskey, Bryan D. McDowell, Matthew T. Meng, Y. Shirley Nanda, Jagjit Sakamoto, Jeff Self, Ethan C. Tepavcevic, Sanja Wachsman, Eric Wang, Chunsheng Westover, Andrew S. Xiao, Jie Yersak, Thomas Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 United States Ford Motor Company Dearborn Michigan 48121 United States Mechanical Engineering Department University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 United States Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Materials Sciences Division University of California Berkeley California 94720 United States Energy and Transportation Science Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 United States Solid Power Inc. Louisville Colorado 80027 United States Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division Argonne National Laboratory 9700 South Cass Avenue Argonne Illinois 60439 United States Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division University of California Berkeley California 94720 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Los Angeles California 90095 United States Applied Materials Inc. 3225 Oakmead Village Drive B12_2F6 Santa Clara California 95054 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Michigan Technological University Houghton Michigan 49931 United States Energy and Environmental Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99352 United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering Iowa State University of Science & Technology Ames Iowa 50011 United States Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332 United States Department of NanoEngineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 United States Chemical and Materials Systems Laborat

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