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DDPS: Dynamic Differential Pricing-Based Edge Offloading system With Energy Harvesting Devices

IEEE Transactions on Network Science and engineering 2025年

作者： Xue, Hai Xia, Yun Xiong, Neal N. Zhang, Di Pei, Songwen University of Shanghai for Science and Technology School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering Shanghai200093 China Sul Ross State University Department of Computer Science and Mathematics AlpineTX79830 United States Zhengzhou University School of Electrical and Information Engineering Zhengzhou450001 China Zhengzhou University Henan International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Health Information System Zhengzhou450001 China Zhengzhou University National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications Zhengzhou450001 China

Mobile edge computing (MEC) mitigates the energy and computation burdens on mobile users (MUs) by offloading tasks to the network edge. To optimize MEC server utilization through effective resource allocation, a well-designed pricing strategy is indispensable. In this paper, we propose a dynamic differential pricing scheme (DDPS) for an edge offloading scenario with energy harvesting devices, which determines prices based on computing resource usage to enhance edge server (ES) utilization. First, an offloading decision algorithm is proposed to balance harvested and consumed energy, determining whether and how much data to offload. Second, a Stackelberg game-based differential pricing algorithm is proposed to optimize computing resource allocation for MUs and reallocate surplus resources to delay-sensitive devices. Extensive simulations are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed DDPS scheme. Specifically, in comparison to the existing best-performing pricing scheme, for different task arrival rates, DDPS can achieve a 5.3% decrease in average execution delay, a 1.7% increase in ES utility (Userver, which represents the payment from MUs minus penalties for discarded tasks), and a 2.1% increase in the average ratio of service for MUs. In addition, DDPS also improves 2.8% Userver on average with different ES computation capacities. © 2025 IEEE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mobile edge computing

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Graph Neural Networks for Vulnerability Detection: A Counterfactual Explanation

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Chu, Zhaoyang Wan, Yao Li, Qian Wu, Yang Zhang, Hongyu Sui, Yulei Xu, Guandong Jin, Hai School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology China School of Electrical Engineering Computing and Mathematical Sciences Curtin University Australia School of Big Data and Software Engineering Chongqing University China School of Computer Science and Engineering University of New South Wales Australia School of Computer Science University of Technology Sydney Australia National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China

Vulnerability detection is crucial for ensuring the security and reliability of software systems. Recently, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as a prominent code embedding approach for vulnerability detection, owing to their ability to capture the underlying semantic structure of source code. However, GNNs face significant challenges in explainability due to their inherently black-box nature. To this end, several factual reasoning-based explainers have been proposed. These explainers provide explanations for the predictions made by GNNs by analyzing the key features that contribute to the outcomes. We argue that these factual reasoning-based explanations cannot answer critical what-if questions: "What would happen to the GNN's decision if we were to alter the code graph into alternative structures?" Inspired by advancements of counterfactual reasoning in artificial intelligence, we propose CFExplainer, a novel counterfactual explainer for GNN-based vulnerability detection. Unlike factual reasoning-based explainers, CFExplainer seeks the minimal perturbation to the input code graph that leads to a change in the prediction, thereby addressing the what-if questions for vulnerability detection. We term this perturbation a counterfactual explanation, which can pinpoint the root causes of the detected vulnerability and furnish valuable insights for developers to undertake appropriate actions for fixing the vulnerability. Extensive experiments on four GNN-based vulnerability detection models demonstrate the effectiveness of CFExplainer over existing state-of-the-art factual reasoning-based explainers. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Graph neural networks

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Plasmonic nanoprinting:thinner,brighter&swifter

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第1期12卷 39-39页

作者： Lei Jin Cheng-Wei Qiu Key Laboratory of RF Circuits&System of Ministry of Education School of Electronics and InformationHangzhou Dianzi UniversityXiasha High Education ParkHangzhou 310018China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore 117583Singapore

The plasmonic nanoprinting displays fade-resistant colours with ultrahigh resolution and opens a new avenue toward thedigital colour *** ideal product of nanoprinting requires low-cost production,high-saturation perfo... 详细信息

关键词： printing saturation colour

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Tailoring Highly Confined Electric-field Based Optical Skyrmions

Tailoring Highly Confined Electric-field Based Optical Skyrm...

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Progress in Electromagnetic Research Symposium (PIERS)

作者： J. Chen X. Shen Y. Zeng Q. Zhan School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China

ISBN: (数字)9798350375909

ISBN: (纸本)9798350375916

Optical skyrmions are quasi-particles with nontrivial topological textures, which hold potential applications in optical information processing, transmission, and storage. There are various three-dimensional physical vectors to construct the optical skyrmions, such as spin skyrmions, Stokes skyrmions, Poynting vector skyrmions, and so on. Here, we present a method to construct tightly focused electric-field skyrmions based on the array antenna radiation theory. A multiple concentric-ring array of dipoles (MCAD) is placed at the focal region of the high numerical aperture (NA) lens to mimic the topological structure of the desired electric field skyrmion, and the radiation pattern of the MCAD is derived to form the incident fields at the pupil planes of the high NA lenses in a 4π focusing setup. The characteristics of the generated focal field are quantitatively evaluated by using the Debye diffraction integral theory. The results demonstrate that two types of electric field vector topologies, i.e., skyrmion and meron, can be created with adjustable polarity, vorticity, and helicity. Additionally, the normal direction of the plane containing the skyrmion or meron can also be customized, increasing the degrees of freedom in tailoring optical skyrmions.

关键词： Electric potential Optical diffraction Information processing Vectors Topology Electric fields Pupils

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Bottlenecks and Countermeasures of High-Penetration Renewable Energy Development in China

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engineering 2021年第11期7卷 1611-1622页

作者： Jizhen Liu Qinghua Wang Ziqiu Song Fang Fang State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China School of Control and Computer Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China

China has become the world’s largest producer and consumer of energy,and ranks first in its wind and solar power installation ***,serious wind and solar curtailment in China has significantly hindered the development and utilization of renewable *** address problems in the consumption of renewable energy,this paper analyzes four key factors affecting the capacity of power generated from renewable energy sources:power balance,power regulation performance,transmission capacity,and load *** on these bottlenecks,we propose seven solutions:centralized and distributed development of renewable energy,improving the peak-load regulation flexibility of thermal power,increasing the proportion of gas turbines and pumped-hydropower storage,construction of transmission channels and a flexible smart grid developing demand response and virtual power plants,adopting new energy active support and energy storage,and establishing appropriate policies and market *** Chinese Government and energy authorities have issued a series of policies and measures,and in the past three years,China has had remarkable achievements in the adoption of renewable *** rate of idle wind capacity decreased from 17%in 2016 to 7%in 2018,and that of solar decreased from 10%in 2016 to 3%in 2018.

关键词： Bottlenecks Countermeasures Idle wind and solar power Renewable energy

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Epidermal piezoresistive structure with deep learning-assisted data translation

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npj Flexible Electronics 2022年第1期6卷 672-680页

作者： Changrok So Jong Uk Kim Haiwen Luan Sang Uk Park Hyochan Kim Seungyong Han Doyoung Kim Changhwan Shin Tae-il Kim Wi Hyoung Lee Yoonseok Park Keun Heo Hyoung Won Baac Jong Hwan Ko Sang Min Won Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University(SKKU)Suwon 16419Republic of Korea School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University(SKKU)Suwon 16419Republic of Korea Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Ajou UniversitySuwon 16499Republic of Korea School of Electrical Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea Biomedical Institute for Convergence(BICS) Sungkyunkwan University(SKKU)Suwon 16419Korea Department of Organic and Nano System Engineering Konkuk UniversitySeoul 05029Republic of Korea Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics Kyung Hee UniversityYongin 17104Republic of Korea School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering Jeonbuk National UniversityJeonju 54896Republic of Korea

Continued research on the epidermal electronic sensor aims to develop sophisticated platforms that reproduce key multimodal responses in human skin,with the ability to sense various external stimuli,such as pressure,shear,torsion,and *** development of such applications utilizes algorithmic interpretations to analyze the complex stimulus shape,magnitude,and various moduli of the epidermis,requiring multiple complex equations for the attached *** this experiment,we integrate silicon piezoresistors with a customized deep learning data process to facilitate in the precise evaluation and assessment of various stimuli without the need for such *** the ability to surpass conventional vanilla deep regression models,the customized regression and classification model is capable of predicting the magnitude of the external force,epidermal hardness and object shape with an average mean absolute percentage error and accuracy of<15 and 96.9%,*** technical ability of the deep learning-aided sensor and the consequent accurate data process provide important foundations for the future sensory electronic system.

关键词： utilize attached precise

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Cold Ironing Techno-Economical Study for a Port with Photovoltaic Plants

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Tsekouras, George J. Lamprinidi, Eleni P. Orfanos-Pepainas, Stamatios Kanellos, Fotios D. Prousalidis, John M. Vlachos, Andreas Tsirekis, Constantinos D. School of Electrical & Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens Greece Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of West Attica Greece School of Electrical & Computer Engineering Technical University of Crete Greece School of Naval Architecture & Marine Engineering National Technical University of Athens Greece Department of Long Term Energy Planning Renewable Energy Sources & Environmental Policy Regulatory Authority of Energy Greece Strategy & System Planning Department Hellenic Independent Power Transmission Operator Greece

According to European regulation 2023/1804/EU, all member states shall ensure the availability of cold ironing (CI) in large ports for at least 90% of the total number of port calls of seagoing ships above 5,000 gross tonnes, by the end of 2029. This is a measure expected to improve air quality, especially in the vicinity of the port’s urban environment. Preliminary studies show that there are financial viability issues related to CI installations, under the current electricity pricing policies and the high investment cost for CI infrastructure. In this paper, the financial viability of the penetration of photovoltaic (PV) units optimized from spatial and power produced point of view is investigated. The proposed method is applied to various ship types, indicatively for the Thessaloniki Port, taking into consideration the connection with the Medium Voltage (MV) electricity distribution grid, as well as the construction, operation, and maintenance costs, under modified economic criterion of benefit cost ratio (BCR). © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Air quality

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Prediction-Based Thunderstorm Path Recovery Method Using CNN-BiLSTM

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第8期37卷 1637-1654页

作者： Xu Yang Ling Zhuang Yuqiang Sun Wenjie Zhang School of Electronics and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2R3Canada CCCC Highway Consultants Co. Ltd.Beijing100101China School of Geographical Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China

The loss of three-dimensional atmospheric electric field(3DAEF)data has a negative impact on thunderstorm *** paper proposes a method for thunderstorm point charge path *** on the relation-ship between a point charge and 3DAEF,we derive corresponding localization formulae by establishing a point charge localization ***,point charge movement paths are obtained after fitting time series localization ***,AEF data losses make it difficult to fit and visualize ***,using available AEF data without loss as input,we design a hybrid model combining the convolutional neural network(CNN)and bi-directional long short-term memory(BiLSTM)to predict and recover the lost *** paths are not present during sunny weather,we propose an extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)model combined with a stacked autoencoder(SAE)to further determine the weather conditions of the recovered ***,historical AEF data of known weathers are input into SAE-XGBoost to obtain the distribution of predicted values(PVs).With threshold adjustments to reduce the negative effects of invalid PVs on SAE-XGBoost,PV intervals corresponding to different weathers are *** recovered AEF is then input into the fixed SAE-XGBoost *** paths need to be fitted is determined by the interval to which the output PV *** results confirm that the proposed method can effectively recover point charge paths,with a maximum path deviation of approximately 0.018 km and a determination coefficient of 94.17%.This method provides a valid reference for visual thunderstorm monitoring.

关键词： Thunderstorm point charge atmospheric electric field(AEF) recovery

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Expediting Distributed GNN Training with Feature-only Partition and Optimized Communication Planning

Expediting Distributed GNN Training with Feature-only Partit...

引用

IEEE Annual Joint Conference: INFOCOM, IEEE computer and Communications Societies

作者： Bingqian Du Jun Liu Ziyue Luo Chuan Wu Qiankun Zhang Hai Jin National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State University USA Department of Computer Science The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

ISBN: (数字)9798350383508

ISBN: (纸本)9798350383515

Feature-only partition of large graph data in distributed Graph Neural Network (GNN) training offers advantages over commonly adopted graph structure partition, such as minimal graph preprocessing cost and elimination of cross-worker subgraph sampling burdens. Nonetheless, performance bottleneck of GNN training with feature-only partitions still largely lies in the substantial communication overhead due to cross-worker feature fetching. To reduce the communication overhead and expedite distributed training, we first investigate and answer two key questions on convergence behaviors of GNN model in feature-partition based distribute GNN training: 1) As no worker holds a complete copy of each feature, can gradient exchange among workers compensate for the information loss due to incomplete local features? 2) If the answer to the first question is negative, is feature fetching in every training iteration of the GNN model necessary to ensure model convergence? Based on our theoretical findings on these questions, we derive an optimal communication plan that decides the frequency for feature fetching during the training process, taking into account bandwidth levels among workers and striking a balance between model loss and training time. Extensive evaluation demonstrates consistent results with our theoretical analysis, and the effectiveness of our proposed design.

关键词： Training Time-frequency analysis Costs Computational modeling Distributed databases Bandwidth Graph neural networks

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Port-controllable routing of orbital angular momentum modes using a rotatable diffractive neural network

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第6期68卷 154-163页

作者： Junmin Liu Jiafu Chen Qingji Zeng Zemin Liang Xinping Wu Xin Zhao Jiangnan Xiao Huapeng Ye Ze Dong Dianyuan Fan Shuqing Chen Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China College of New Materials and New Energies Shenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhen 518118China Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical SystemTerahertz Science Cooperative Innovation CenterSchool of Optical-Electrical Computer EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology&Institute of Electronic Paper Displays South China Academy of Advanced OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510006China School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

Orbital angular momentum(OAM)modes provide an additional orthogonal physical dimension,offering transformative potential for enhancing optical communication *** significant progress in mode multiplexing,the development of robust communication networks faces persistent challenges,particularly in effectively routing and controlling these multiplexed channels among network *** tackle these dilemmas,we propose a rotatable diffractive neural network(R-DNN)strategy and demonstrate its capability for port-controllable OAM mode *** leveraging the correlation between the orthogonal evolution of OAM modes in free space and phase modulations during propagation,the R-DNN precisely shapes the spatial evolution of mode fields through multiple rotatable phase layers,enabling efficient routing to specific output *** approach exploits the interaction of secondary wavelets with the relative states of the rotatable layers,allowing on-demand control of mode evolution paths and enhancing routing *** a proof of concept,we developed a tri-functional router that successfully directs three OAM modes to individually controllable output *** router achieves an average intermode crosstalk of less than−16.4 dB across three functional states,one-dimensional,two-dimensional,and cross-connected switching,while supporting the routing of 5.85 Tbit/s quadrature phase-shift keying *** results highlight the R-DNN’s effectiveness in achieving precise and controllable OAM mode manipulation,paving the way for advanced applications in mode-multiplexed communication networks and beyond.

关键词： orbital angular momentum mode mode routing diffractive neural network

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