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Fuzzy clustering for electric field characterization and its application to thunderstorm interpretability

Digital Communications and Networks 2025年第2期11卷 299-307页

作者： Xu Yang Hongyan Xing Xinyuan Ji Wei Xu Witold Pedrycz School of Electronics and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta Systems Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Istinye University

Changes in the Atmospheric Electric Field Signal(AEFS) are highly correlated with weather changes, especially with thunderstorm activities. However, little attention has been paid to the ambiguous weather information implicit in AEFS changes. In this paper, a Fuzzy C-Means(FCM) clustering method is used for the first time to develop an innovative approach to characterize the weather attributes carried by AEFS. First, a time series dataset is created in the time domain using AEFS attributes. The AEFS-based weather is evaluated according to the time-series Membership Degree(MD) changes obtained by inputting this dataset into the FCM. Second, thunderstorm intensities are reflected by the change in distance from a thunderstorm cloud point charge to an AEF apparatus. Thus, a matching relationship is established between the normalized distance and the thunderstorm dominant MD in the space domain. Finally, the rationality and reliability of the proposed method are verified by combining radar charts and expert experience. The results confirm that this method accurately characterizes the weather attributes and changes in the AEFS, and a negative distance-MD correlation is obtained for the first time. The detection of thunderstorm activity by AEF from the perspective of fuzzy set technology provides a meaningful guidance for interpretable thunderstorms.

关键词： Atmospheric electric field (AEF) Thunderstorm Fuzzy C-means (FCM) Attribute

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A Multi-Permeability and Interleaved High-Frequency Magnetic Link With Advanced Soft-Magnetic Materials for Power Converter Applications

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IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2025年第3期61卷 3958-3968页

作者： Kiran, Mahbubur Rahman Islam, Md. Rabiul Muttaqi, Kashem M. Sutanto, Danny University of Wollongong School of Electrical Computer and Telecommunications Engineering WollongongNSW2522 Australia

Advanced magnetic materials are widely used to design and develop high-power, high-frequency magnetic links (HFMLs) for power conversion systems. Multi-winding HFMLs (MWHFMLs) are increasingly used for grid-connected renewable energy systems (RESs). According to a research study, the majority of HFML topologies include non-interleaved windings and single permeability magnetic cores. As a result, the magnetic flux distributes unevenly in the cores, causing the magnetic material that is closer to the conductors to become saturated earlier than the magnetic material further away from the conductors. In this article, a novel design of a 20 kW, 20 kHz MWHFML for power converter considering multi-permeability core and interleaved winding topology is mathematically modeled and designed. The multi-permeability core-based HFML (MPCBHFML) is designed and analyzed using nanocrystalline 1K101 and 1K107B, and Metglas 2605SA1 materials. The electromagnetic properties of the proposed MPCBHFML are investigated and compared with the existing single-permeability core-based HFML (SPCBHFML). The proposed MPCBHFML offers less core saturation, low core loss, and higher power transfer due to its interleaved winding topology. Also, the inductance profile comparison shows more flattening with the proposed design compared to that of with existing design topology. An experimental prototype of a 5 kW MPCBHFML has been developed using 1K101, 1K107B, and 2605SA1 materials and tested at 20 kHz, 80 V to evaluate and compare the electromagnetic performance of the proposed MPCBHFML with that of the traditional SPCBHFML. © 1972-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Nanocrystalline materials

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Accurate Representation of Distribution System Dynamics With DERs for Bulk System Studies

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IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2025年第3期61卷 5187-5197页

作者： Challa, Kiran Kumar Matavalam, Amarsagar Reddy Ramapuram Venkatraman, Ramakrishnan Ajjarapu, Venkataramana Iowa State University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Ames50011 United States Arizona State University School of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering Tempe85282 United States

While there has beensignificant progress in recent years to incorporate the dynamics of distribution systems and industrial loads into the transmission using aggregated composite load models (CLM);there is no study that evaluates the accuracy of a well-tuned CLM model versus the true dynamics of a distribution system (DS) with 3-φ, 1-φ motors, ZIP loads, and distributed energy resources (DERs) connected to a transmission system (TS). This paper aims to address this gap by analyzing the limitations of the CLM and proposing physics-based approaches to address these drawbacks. We show that a single CLM is not flexible enough to represent the aggregated DS dynamics in situations when only a few motors in the DS stall or a few DERs trip. To address the drawback of the single CLM, we propose a DS structure preserving reduced order model (DS-ROM) that clusters nodes in the DS and represents each cluster using a CLM. We then present a Python-based automated approach to determine the parameters of the DS-ROM. Results on IEEE-14-bus TS connected to IEEE-37-node DS and a practical 240-node DS demonstrate that DS-ROM can capture the DS dynamics for various kinds of TS faults with an accuracy of ∼98%. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Problem oriented languages

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Beamforming and Reflection Design for Short Packet ISAC With Non-Ideal RIS: An A3C-Based Approach

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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2025年第5期74卷 8379-8384页

作者： Mahmoudi, Behrad Khonsari, Ahmad Zeinali, Farshad Mili, Mohammad Robat Mashhadi, Mahdi Boloursaz Xiao, Pei University of Tehran Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Tehran Iran University of Tehran School of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering Tehran Iran School of Computer Science in the Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences Tehran Iran United Kingdom Institute for Advanced Innovative Solutions Tehran Iran

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is a promising solution to mitigate the increasing congestion of the wireless spectrum. In this paper, we investigate the short packet communication regime within an ISAC system assisted by a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) to meet the low latency ultra-reliable requirements in the next-generation wireless networks. We consider a non-ideal RIS model that captures effects of the phase-dependent amplitude variations in the reflection coefficients, and we have incorporated the near-field model into the channels between the RIS and the users or targets. In this setup, we jointly design the transmit beamforming and the RIS phase shifts to maximize the sum rate while satisfying the sensing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) requirement. The system simultaneously carries out multitarget sensing and multi-user short packet communications with the help of the RIS. Considering the non-convex and dynamic nature of the resulting optimization problem, we propose an asynchronous advantage actor-critic (A3C) based method for beamforming and reflection design in this setup. Numerical results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed scheme over the benchmarks. © 1967-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Beamforming

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Neuromorphic Digital-Twin-based Controller for Indoor Multi-UAV Systems Deployment

IEEE Journal on Indoor and Seamless Positioning and Navigati...

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IEEE Journal on Indoor and Seamless Positioning and Navigation 2025年 3卷 165-174页

作者： Ahmadvand, Reza Sharif, Sarah Safura Banad, Yaser Mike University of Oklahoma School of Electrical and Computer Engineering 73019 United States

The presented study introduces a novel distributed cloud-edge framework for autonomous multi-UAV systems that combines the computational efficiency of neuromorphic computing with nature-inspired control strategies. The proposed architecture equips each UAV with an individual Spiking Neural Network (SNN) that learns to reproduce optimal control signals generated by a cloud-based controller, enabling robust operation even during communication interruptions. By integrating spike coding with nature-inspired control principles inspired by Tilapia fish territorial behavior, our system achieves sophisticated formation control and obstacle avoidance in complex urban environments. The distributed architecture leverages cloud computing for complex calculations while maintaining local autonomy through edge-based SNNs, significantly reducing energy consumption and computational overhead compared to traditional centralized approaches. Our framework addresses critical limitations of conventional methods, including the dependency on pre-modeled environments, computational intensity of traditional methods, and local minima issues in potential field approaches. Simulation results demonstrate the system's effectiveness across two different scenarios. First, the indoor deployment of a multi-UAV system made up of 15 UAVs. Then the collision-free formation control of a moving UAV flock including 6 UAVs considering the obstacle avoidance. Owing to the sparsity of spiking patterns, and the event-based nature of SNNs on average for the whole group of UAVs, the framework achieves almost 90% reduction in computational burden compared to traditional von Neumann architectures implementing traditional artificial neural networks. © 2023 CCBY.

关键词： Cloud computing architecture

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More than just a name?From magnetic to optical skyrmions and the topology of light

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Light(Science & Applications) 2025年第1期14卷 26-29页

作者： Jian Chen Andrew Forbes Cheng-Wei Qiu School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore School of Physics University of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa

Topology is usually perceived intrinsically immutable for a given *** argue that optical topologies do not immediately enjoy such ***'optical skyrmions'as an example,we show that they will exhibit varying textures and topological invariants(skyrmion numbers),depending on how to construct the skyrmion vector when projecting from real to parameter *** demonstrate the fragility of optical skyrmions under a ubiquitous scenario-simple reflection off an optical *** topology is not without benefit,but it must not be assumed.

关键词： numbers space. topology

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A Mathematical and Dynamical Model for Analyzing H-Shaped PM Vernier Motor for Electric Motorcycle Mid-Drive Applications

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IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 2025年第1期40卷 529-543页

作者： Ghods, Mehrage Faiz, Jawad Bazrafshan, Mohammad Amin Gorginpour, Hamed Toulabi, Mohammad Sedigh University of Tehran School of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering Tehran*** Iran Persian Gulf University Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering and Data Science Bushehr*** Iran Oakland University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering RochesterMI48309 United States

The permanent magnet (PM) Vernier machines enhance torque density and decrease cogging torque compared to conventional permanent magnet synchronous motor. This paper presents a novel fractional-slot H-shaped PM Vernier machines, which incorporates unique design for the PM housing and rotor core construction. These designs are specifically optimized for the small-scale electric vehicles application. The choice of the PM arrangement is based on the combination of V-shaped and spoke-array PM topologies. The aim is to achieve a higher torque density than V-shaped PM machines, while reducing cogging torque compared to spoke-array PM machines. By using this methodology, leakage fluxes in the terminal region of the PMs reduce, resulting in an augmentation of both flux-linkage and power factor. A prototype 680 W motor was fabricated with 12 slots and 8 poles to verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed model. Mathematical model and dynamical analysis are proposed for the analytical prediction of machine performance. Due to the unique shape feature of the machine, the conformal mapping approach is applied to design the rotor core. To validate the model, the predicted performance of the motor was compared with those obtained by finite element analysis and experiments. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Permanent magnets

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Discrete Current Controller for SPMSMs at Low Sampling-to-Fundamental Frequency Ratios using Critical Damping Feedback

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IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 2025年第8期40卷 11787-11798页

作者： Huang, Zhen Zhu, Rui Zhang, Yun Zanchetta, Pericle Nanchang University School of Information Engineering Nanchang330000 China Tianjin University School of Electrical and Information Engineering Tianjin300072 China University of Pavia Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering Department Pavia27100 Italy

The discrete current controllers can generally ensure high-performance machine control. However, for high-speed machines associated with low sampling-to-fundamental frequency ratios (SFR), the unavoidable disturbances now will seriously affect the control performance. To address this issue, an advanced discrete current controller is proposed in this paper. The critical damping feedback is used to achieve the maximum damping ratio of the disturbance loop at any SFR. Compared with the existing discrete controllers, the proposed one can significantly reduce the impact of multiple parameter mismatches on the performance of the controller while improving the current tracking response and enhancing the anti-disturbance capability. Finally, the experimental results on a 10krpm high-speed permanent magnet synchronous machine with the lowest SFR of 8 have proven the feasibility and advantages of the addressed current controller. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Damping

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A Detailed Comparative Analysis of Automatic Neural Metrics for Machine Translation: BLEURT & BERTScore

IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society

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IEEE Open Journal of the computer Society 2025年第1期6卷 658-668页

作者： Mukherjee, Aniruddha Hassija, Vikas Chamola, Vinay Gupta, Karunesh Kumar KIIT School of Computer Engineering Bhubaneshwar India BITS-Pilani Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Pilani Campus Rajasthan India

Bleurt a recently introduced metric that employs Bert, a potent pre-trained language model to assess how well candidate translations compare to a reference translation in the context of machine translation outputs. While traditional metrics like Bleu rely on lexical similarities, Bleurt leverages Bert's semantic and syntactic capabilities to provide more robust evaluation through complex text representations. However, studies have shown that Bert, despite its impressive performance in natural language processing tasks can sometimes deviate from human judgment, particularly in specific syntactic and semantic scenarios. Through systematic experimental analysis at the word level, including categorization of errors such as lexical mismatches, untranslated terms, and structural inconsistencies, we investigate how Bleurt handles various translation challenges. Our study addresses three central questions: What are the strengths and weaknesses of Bleurt, how do they align with Bert's known limitations, and how does it compare with the similar automatic neural metric for machine translation, BERTScore? Using manually annotated datasets that emphasize different error types and linguistic phenomena, we find that Bleurt excels at identifying nuanced differences between sentences with high overlap, an area where BERTScore shows limitations. Our systematic experiments, provide insights for their effective application in machine translation evaluation. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： computer aided language translation

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Tightening QC Relaxations of AC Optimal Power Flow Through Improved Linear Convex Envelopes

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IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 2025年第2期40卷 1465-1480页

作者： Narimani, Mohammad Rasoul Molzahn, Daniel K. Davis, Katherine R. Crow, Mariesa L. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering NorthridgeCA91330 United States Georgia Institute of Technology School of Electrical and Computer Engineering AtlantaGA30332 United States Texas A&M University Electrical and Computer Engineering Department College StationTX77840 United States Missouri University of Science and Technology Electrical and Computer Engineering Department RollaMO65409 United States

AC optimal power flow (AC OPF) is a fundamental problem in power system operations. Accurately modeling the network physics via the AC power flow equations makes AC OPF a challenging nonconvex problem. To search for global optima, recent research has developed various convex relaxations that bound the optimal objective values of AC OPF problems. The QC relaxation convexifies the AC OPF problem by enclosing the non-convex terms within convex envelopes. The QC relaxation's accuracy strongly depends on the tightness of these envelopes. This paper proposes two improvements for tightening QC relaxations of OPF problems. We first consider a particular nonlinear function whose projections are the nonlinear expressions appearing in the polar representation of the power flow equations. We construct a polytope-shaped convex envelope around this nonlinear function and derive convex expressions for the nonlinear terms using its projections. Second, we use sine and cosine expression properties, along with changes in their curvature, to tighten this convex envelope. We also propose a coordinate transformation to tighten the envelope by rotating power flow equations based on individual bus-specific angles. We compare these enhancements to a state-of-the-art QC relaxation method using PGLib-OPF test cases, revealing improved optimality gaps in 68% of the cases. © 1969-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Load flow optimization

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