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作者： Wakasugi, Katsuhiko Wakimoto, Satoshi Akamichi, Takayuki Nakada, Akira Kubota, Hiroshi Inokuchi, Tsuneo Suzuki, Shinji Aikawa, Sou Kosaka, Kouji Nakamura, Kazumitsu Morimoto, Tatsuo IEEE Graduate School of Science and Technology Kumamoto University Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan Kumamoto Technology Center Sony Semiconductor Kyushu Corporation Kumamoto 869-1102 Japan Ushio Inc. Yokohama 225-0002 Japan Tecnos Co. Ltd. Nara 630-8113 Japan Kumamoto Technology Inc. Kumamoto 861-2202 Japan Kumamoto Technology and Industry Foundation Kumamoto 861-2202 Japan New Industry Creation Hatchery Center Tohoku University Sendai 980-8579 Japan Japan Society of Applied Physics Institute of Electronics Information and Communication Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering Kumamoto University Graduate School of Science and Technology Kumamoto University Shock Wave and Condensed Matter Research Center Kumamoto University Sony Semiconductor Kyushu Corporation Kagoshima Japan Sony Semiconductor Kyushu Corporation Kumamoto Technology Center Kumamoto Japan Department of Electronic Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Tokyo Tecnos Co. Ltd. Nara Japan Tokyo Technology Co. Ltd. Tokyo Japan Kumamoto Technology Co. Ltd. Kumamoto Japan Japan Society of Precision Engineering Kumamoto Technology and Industry Foundation Kumamoto Japan American Vacuum Society New Industry Creation Hatchery Center Tohoku University

An arbitrary pattern exposure system has been developed by employing a liquid crystal display (LCD) with 1600 × 1200 pixels for the formation of projection images in place of a conventional reticle. The minimum pattern size becomes 11.5 μm, which corresponds to the aperture size of each pixel on the LCD. For the purpose of quick turnaround time (TAT), the exposure system was directly connected to the circuit design system with the transmission control protocol/internet protocol network. From the experimental results on patterning of a typical electronic circuit data with the area of 46 × 46 mm, it was confirmed that the TAT from the output of design data to the finish of the exposure becomes less than 28 min. By using this system, reduction of the production cost in the printed wiring boards fabrication is expected. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Online systems

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Fusion of biomedical microcapsule endoscope and microsystem technology

Fusion of biomedical microcapsule endoscope and microsystem ...

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International Conference on Solid State Sensors and Actuators (TRANSDUCERS)

作者： Tae Song Kim Byungkyu Kim Dongil Dan Cho Si Young Song P. Dario M. Sitti Microsyst. Res. Center Korean Inst. of Sci. & Technol. South Korea Microsystem Research Center Korean Institute of Science and Technology South Korea School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science ERC-NBS ISRC ASH Seoul National University South Korea College of Medicine Yonsei University South Korea CRIM Laboratory Polo SantAnna Valdera Scuola Superiore Sant'' Anna Italy NanoRobotics Laboratory Mechanical Engineering Department Carnegie Mellon University USA

Wireless endoscopic capsules as a novel non-invasive imaging device could be realized through the integration of wireless communication and microsystem technologies. These capsules would open many new health-care opportunities for the diagnosis and treatment of digestive system diseases non-invasively and efficiently. This paper describes our recent research activities which are aimed to enable more functional and controllable robotic endoscopic capsules by the fusion of biomedical, microsystem, and robotics technologies.

关键词： Endoscopes Biopsy CMOS technology Wireless sensor networks Biomedical imaging Surges Gastrointestinal tract Intelligent sensors Digestive system Robots

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ON THE SELECTION OF APPROPRIATE control SYSTEM DESIGN METHODOLOGIES

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2005年第1期38卷 115-120页

作者： L.G. Van Willigenburg W.L. De Koning Z.S. Chalabi M. Tchamitchian G. Van Straten Systems and Control Group Wageningen University P.O. Box 17 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 4 2628 CD Delft The Netherlands University of London Public and Environmental Health Research Unit London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Keppel Street London WC1E 7HT United Kingdom INRA Bioclimatologie Domaine StPaul Site Agroparc 84914 Avignon Cedex 9 France

We will argue in this paper that the nature and magnitude of model uncertainty dictate the appropriateness of the control system design methodology. To obtain these arguments, we will pursue optimality of the control system design. Note this is a philosophical paper , in which we present our arguments in qualitative terms . We will identify the circumstances under which several control system design methodologies are appropriate. The design methodologies that will be considered are (1) optimal control and optimal feedback design, (2) model predictive control (receding horizon control), (3) active and passive adaptive control and (4) robust control. Robust control strategies are conservative and limit the possible improvements that can be obtained over say classical PID control. However, it will turn out that for certain types of control problems, improvements in performance are indeed limited. Roughly speaking, the area where we may expect (significant) improvement from advanced (optimal) control system design is very much limited by the uncertainty of the systems model. Miracles are not to be expected from advanced control. What can be expected is reflected in an active adaptive optimal control scheme introduced and discussed in this paper.

关键词： controller selection model uncertainty active adaptive control adaptive dual control caution probing learning

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Revisiting stop‐consonant perception for two‐formant stimuli

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The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 2005年第S1期75卷 S66-S66页

作者： Ralph N. Ohde Kenneth N. Stevens Bill Wilkerson Hearing and Speech Center Nashville TN 37212 Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN 37212 Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139

The aim of this study was to re‐examine the factors leading to stop consonant perception for consonant‐vowel stimuli with just two formants over a range of vowels, using stimuli and test procedures somewhat different from those used in earlier studies. Five two‐formant CV stimulus continua were synthesized, each covering a range of second‐formant (F2) starting frequencies, for vowels corresponding roughly to [iiæɑu]. Listeners identified the beginning of the syllable under two different instructions: a forced‐choice response of b, d, or g, and an open response set. The stimuli with the most unanimous responses were those with substantial F2 transitions, i.e., [bi bɪ du]. There were few consistent g responses. Under open response instructions, stimuli with straight or small transition ranges were identified as beginning with no consonant. The results are compared with those of other studies, particularly with regard to differences in stimulus characteristics, and are discussed in relation to theories of invariance. [Supported in part by grants from NIH.]

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On designing a reduced-order fuzzy observer

On designing a reduced-order fuzzy observer

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8th Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, PRICAI 2004: Trends in Artificial Intelligence

作者： Moshiri, Behzad Besharati, Farhad Tafti, Abdrreza Dehghani Bitaghsir, Ali Akhavan Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tehran P.O. Box 14395/515 Tehran Iran Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch Tehran Iran

In this paper, a method for designing reduced-order fuzzy observers for systems expressed in Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model is proposed. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004.

ISBN: (纸本)3540228179

In this paper, a method for designing reduced-order fuzzy observers for systems expressed in Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model is proposed. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004.

关键词： Fuzzy sets

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Logo recognition using retinal coding

Logo recognition using retinal coding

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Conference Record of the Thirty-Eighth Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and computers

作者： Zyga, Kathleen J. Schroeder, Jim Price, Richard Sensors Division U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Adelaide Australia Intelligence Analysis Group Command and Control Division Defence Science and Technology Organisation Australia

This research is an effort to model the structure and functionality of the human retina for use as an automatic identification system for logo images in document processing. Scale, rotation, noise, and distortion invariant identification is achieved using a suitable classification algorithm and a reference database. The human pulvinar is also used as a model for visual attention and logo detection within a page image. Test results show high correct identification rates, and robustness in all types of distortion. © 2004 IEEE.

关键词： Image coding

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Emotion recognition based on phoneme classes 8

Emotion recognition based on phoneme classes

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8th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, ICSLP 2004

作者： Lee, Chul Min Yildirim, Serdar Bulut, Murtaza Kazemzadeh, Abe Busso, Carlos Deng, Zhigang Lee, Sungbok Narayanan, Shrikanth Emotion Research Group Speech Analysis and Interpretation Lab. Integrated Media Systems Center Department of Electrical Engineering United States Department of Computer Science USC Viterbi School of Engineering University of Southern California United States

Recognizing human emotions/attitudes from speech cues has gained increased attention recently. Most previous work has focused primarily on suprasegmental prosodic features calculated at the utterance level for modeling against details at the segmental phoneme level. Based on the hypothesis that different emotions have varying effects on the properties of the different speech sounds, this paper investigates the usefulness of phoneme-level modeling for the classification of emotional states from speech. Hidden Markov models (HMM) based on short-term spectral features are used for this purpose using data obtained from a recording of an actress' expressing 4 different emotional states - anger, happiness, neutral, and sadness. We designed and compared two sets of HMM classifiers: a generic set of "emotional speech" HMMs (one for each emotion) and a set of broad phonetic-class based HMMs for each emotion type considered. Five broad phonetic classes were used to explore the effect of emotional coloring on different phoneme classes, and it was found that spectral properties of vowel sounds were the best indicator of emotions in terms of the classification performance. The experiments also showed that the better performance can be obtained by using phoneme-class classifiers than generic "emotional" HMM classifier and classifiers based on global prosodic features. To see the complementary effect of the prosodic and spectral features, the two classifiers were combined at the decision level. The improvement was 0.55% in absolute (0.7% relatively) compared with the result from phoneme-class based HMM classifier.

关键词： Hidden Markov models

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An acoustic study of emotions expressed in speech 8

An acoustic study of emotions expressed in speech

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8th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, ICSLP 2004

作者： Yildirim, Serdar Bulut, Murtaza Lee, Chul Min Kazemzadeh, Abe Busso, Carlos Deng, Zhigang Lee, Sungbok Narayanan, Shrikanth Emotion Research Group Speech Analysis and Interpretation Lab. Integrated Media Systems Center Department of Electrical Engineering United States Department of Computer Science Viterbi School of Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles United States

In this study, we investigate acoustic properties of speech associated with four different emotions (sadness, anger, happiness, and neutral) intentionally expressed in speech by an actress. The aim is to obtain detailed acoustic knowledge on how speech is modulated when speaker's emotion changes from neutral to a certain emotional state. It is based on measurements of acoustic parameters related to speech prosody, vowel articulation and spectral energy distribution. Acoustic similarities and differences among the emotions are then explored with mutual information computation, multidimensional scaling, and comparison of acoustic likelihoods relative to the neutral emotion. In addition, acoustic separability of the emotions is tested using the discriminant analysis at the utterance level and the result is compared with human evaluation. Results show that happiness/anger and neutral/sadness share similar acoustic properties in this speaker. Speech associated with anger and happiness are characterized by longer utterance duration, shorter inter-word silence, higher pitch and energy values with wider ranges, showing the characteristics of exaggerated or hyperarticulated speech. The discriminant analysis indicates that within-group acoustic separability is relatively poor, suggesting that conventional acoustic parameters examined in this study are not effective in describing the emotions along the valence (or pleasure) dimension. It is noted that RMS energy, inter-word silence and speaking rate are useful in distinguishing sadness from others. Interestingly, the between-group difference in formant patterns seems better reflected in back vowels such as /a/ (/father/) than in the front vowels. Larger lip opening and/or more tongue constriction at the mid or rear part of the vocal tract could be underlying reasons.

关键词： Acoustic properties

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An experimental study of subsonic cavity flow - physical understanding and control

An experimental study of subsonic cavity flow - physical und...

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2nd AIAA Flow control Conference 2004

作者： Debiasi, M. Yan, P. Little, J. Özbay, H. Myatt, J. Samimy, M. Gas Dynamics and Turbulence Laboratory Collaborative Center of Control Science The Ohio State University GDTL/AARL2300 West Case Road Columbus OH 43235 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering United States Air Force Research Laboratory United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781624100307

We present the results of an experimental investigation that uses two different techniques for controlling a shallow cavity flow in the Mach number range 0.25-0.5. The first method is basically an open-loop design that relies on zero-net-mass forcing at an optimal frequency for suppressing the cavity flow resonance. The second method is a parallel-proportional with time delay controller, a linear control design that relies on real-time feedback from the flow to counteract the resonance. With properly tuned parameters, both methods are successful in reducing the cavity resonance for flows in the Mach number range explored. However the parallel-proportional controller exhibits a superior robustness with respect to departure of the Mach number from the design conditions, a signature of feedback control designs that are naturally more capable to handle changes of the open-loop plant. An additional benefit of the feedback control method is the lower power requirement to achieve comparable suppression of the resonance. An interpretation is presented of the physical mechanisms by which the optimal forcing frequency and the parallel-proportional with time delay controller reduce the cavity flow resonance. The results support the idea that the optimal forcing frequency control induces in the system a rapid switching between modes competing for the available energy that can be extracted from the mean flow. In the case of parallel- proportional control mode switching is also observed which involves a larger range of frequencies and spreads more the extracted energy thus producing a flow with a quieter, more broadband spectral signature.

关键词： Mach number

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Landing motion analysis of human-body model considering impact and ZMP condition

Landing motion analysis of human-body model considering impa...

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IEEE International Workshop on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)

作者： Byung Rok So Byung-Ju Yi Sang-Rok Oh Young Soo Kim School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Hanyang University Ansan Gyeonggi South Korea KIST Intelligent System Control Research Center South Korea Department of Medicine Hanyang University South Korea

This paper deals with modeling and analysis for the landing motion of a human-body model. First, the dynamic model of a floating human body and the impact model are derived and the external impulse exerted on the ground as well as the internal impulse experienced at the joints of the human body model are investigated. Second, a motion planning algorithm exploiting the kinematic redundancy is suggested to ensure stability in terms of ZMP stability condition during a series of landing phases. Four phases of landing motion are investigated. In simulation, the external and internal impulses experienced at the human joints and the ZMP history resulting from the motion planning are analyzed for two different configurations. A desired landing posture is suggested by comparison of the simulation results.

关键词： Motion analysis Biological system modeling Humans Manipulators Joints Kinematics Legged locomotion Service robots Equations Stability

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