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Multi-objective Feature Attribution Explanation for Explainable Machine Learning

ACM Transactions on Evolutionary Learning and Optimization 2024年第1期4卷 1-32页

作者： Wang, Ziming Huang, Changwu Li, Yun Yao, Xin Research Institute of Trustworthy Autonomous Systems Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain-inspired Intelligent Computation Departmentof Computer Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China The Advanced Cognitive Technology Lab Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd Shanghai201206 China School of Computer Science University of Birmingham BirminghamB15 2TT United Kingdom

The feature attribution-based explanation (FAE) methods, which indicate how much each input feature contributes to the model's output for a given data point, are one of the most popular categories of explainable machine learning techniques. Although various metrics have been proposed to evaluate the explanation quality, no single metric could capture different aspects of the explanations. Different conclusions might be drawn using different metrics. Moreover, during the processes of generating explanations, existing FAE methods either do not consider any evaluation metric or only consider the faithfulness of the explanation, failing to consider multiple metrics simultaneously. To address this issue, we formulate the problem of creating FAE explainable models as a multi-objective learning problem that considers multiple explanation quality metrics simultaneously. We first reveal conflicts between various explanation quality metrics, including faithfulness, sensitivity, and complexity. Then, we define the considered multi-objective explanation problem and propose a multi-objective feature attribution explanation (MOFAE) framework to address this newly defined problem. Subsequently, we instantiate the framework by simultaneously considering the explanation's faithfulness, sensitivity, and complexity. Experimental results comparing with six state-of-The-Art FAE methods on eight datasets demonstrate that our method can optimize multiple conflicting metrics simultaneously and can provide explanations with higher faithfulness, lower sensitivity, and lower complexity than the compared methods. Moreover, the results have shown that our method has better diversity, i.e., it provides various explanations that achieve different tradeoffs between multiple conflicting explanation quality metrics. Therefore, it can provide tailored explanations to different stakeholders based on their specific requirements. © 2024 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed

关键词： Machine learning

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Variable Reduction Strategy Integrated Variable Neighborhood Search and NSGA-II Hybrid Algorithm for Emergency Material Scheduling

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Complex System Modeling and Simulation 2023年第2期3卷 83-101页

作者： Zhen Shu Aijuan Song Guohua Wu Witold Pedrycz College of Systems Engineering National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410075China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2V4Canadaand also with the Systems Research InstitutePolish Academy of SciencesWarsaw 01447Poland

Developing a reasonable and efficient emergency material scheduling plan is of great significance to decreasing casualties and property ***-world emergency material scheduling(EMS)problems are typically large-scale and possess complex *** evolutionary algorithm(EA)is one of the effective methods for solving EMS ***,the existing EAs still face great challenges when dealing with large-scale EMS problems or EMS problems with equality *** handle the above challenges,we apply the idea of a variable reduction strategy(VRS)to an EMS problem,which can accelerate the optimization process of the used EAs and obtain better solutions by simplifying the corresponding EMS ***,we define an emergency material allocation and route scheduling model,and a variable neighborhood search and NSGA-II hybrid algorithm(VNS-NSGAII)is designed to solve the ***,we utilize VRS to simplify the proposed EMS model to enable a lower dimension and fewer equality ***,we integrate VRS with VNS-NSGAII to solve the reduced EMS *** prove the effectiveness of VRS on VNS-NSAGII,we construct two test cases,where one case is based on a multi-depot vehicle routing problem and the other case is combined with the initial 5∙12 Wenchuan earthquake emergency material support *** results show that VRS can improve the performance of the standard VNS-NSGAII,enabling better optimization efficiency and a higher-quality solution.

关键词： emergency material scheduling evolutionary algorithm variable reduction strategy

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Synergia: Device-Edge Server Association for ISAC-assisted Mobile Edge Computing systems

Synergia: Device-Edge Server Association for ISAC-assisted M...

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IEEE Conference on Global Communications (GLOBECOM)

作者： Panagiotis Charatsaris Arianna Santamaria Penafiel Maria Diamanti Eirini Eleni Tsiropoulou Symeon Papavassiliou Institute of Communication and Computer Systems School of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens Athens Greece Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350351255

ISBN: (纸本)9798350351262

The efficient operation of the unified Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) – Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) systems is important for enhancing data sensing, communication, and computation processes in next-generation wireless systems. Despite prior research focusing on these systems, little attention has been given to optimizing the device-edge server associations. This paper addresses this gap by introducing the novel two-stage device-edge server association Synergia framework. Firstly, representative utility functions capture the characteristics of the devices and MEC servers by jointly considering their sensing, communication, and computation characteristics. Secondly, the Estimated Synergia framework leverages the Matching Theory to rapidly determine an initial device-server matching by disregarding the devices’ externalities, i.e., the matching decisions of other devices. Thirdly, the Accurate Synergia model refines and improves this matching by using the coalition formation games, while considering the devices’ externalities in optimizing the utilities of both the devices and the MEC servers. Extensive numerical evaluations demonstrate the Synergia’s operational efficiency and scalability, outperforming reinforcement learningbased approaches. Also, a real-world application involving car accident detection validates its applicability.

关键词： Wireless communication Multi-access edge computing Scalability Games Pricing Integrated sensing and communication Numerical models Servers Global communication Next generation networking

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Low-cost contact-free screen control based on machine vision 4

Low-cost contact-free screen control based on machine vision

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4th Optics Frontier Conference, OFS 2024

作者： Lin, Yangbing Wang, Teng Yan, Wei Peng, Xiao Zhang, Xinhai Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China School of Computer Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou510641 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510682269

Contact-free manipulation technology represents a novel approach that offers a fresh possibility for human-machine interaction, aiming to meet the evolving demands of this interface. In this paper, we introduce a contact-free planar display control technique based on imaging. In our research, we employ cameras as sensors and integrate infrared lasers with image processing techniques to detect and localize input signals. By establishing a coordinate mapping relationship between the operational plane and the display plane, we achieved contact-free control over the planar display. Our paper introduces two methods for establishing this coordinate mapping. The first involves constructing mapping functions between the rectified and transformed camera imagery and the display plane, thereby creating a point-to-point correspondence. The second method entails dividing both the camera imagery and the display plane into segments, establishing a one-to-one relationship between regions. We analyze the strengths and limitations of these two approaches. While the former boasts higher theoretical precision, it is more susceptible to equipment factors and exhibits slower response speeds. Conversely, the latter, despite its lower theoretical precision, offers faster response times. Through the setup of an experimental platform, we demonstrate the feasibility of our proposed. © 2024 SPIE.

关键词： Machine vision

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The Ethics of Disaster Resilient Infrastructure Maintenance and Social Equity

The Ethics of Disaster Resilient Infrastructure Maintenance ...

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2024 systems and Information engineering Design Symposium, SIEDS 2024

作者： Aberra, Fortune Harrod, Carrington Mays, Malcolm Stevenson, Hugo Charlottesville High School CharlottesvilleVA22901 United States Hampton University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering HamptonVA23669 United States University of Virginia Department of Systems and Information Engineering CharlottesvilleVA22904 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350385144

This paper focuses on the maintenance deficiencies of disaster resilient infrastructure on behalf of engineers that contributed to the impacts of Hurricane Katrina, Fukushima, and the 2023 Hawaii Wildfires. These disasters together caused over 20,000 deaths and 125 billion in property damages, unequally affecting the socially vulnerable. We explore the specific failings of the Army Corps of Engineers, Tokyo Electric Power Company, and Hawaiian Electric that contributed to the horrific damages of these disasters. Analyzing the design decisions and oversights in each of these cases through the lens of the NSPE Code of Ethics, we aim to bring awareness of blind spots in the current code concerning the importance of social equity. By outlining the disproportionate harm that natural disasters inflict on marginalized communities, we aim to further justify the ethical importance of disaster resilient infrastructure maintenance on deontological and utilitarian grounds. This study highlights the importance of considering public interest in engineering practices and proposes ethically guided preventative measures to avoid similar disasters from happening globally through utilitarian and deontological perspectives. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Disasters

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DC Terminal Impedance Modeling and Stability Analysis for VSG-Controlled Grid-Connected Inverter

DC Terminal Impedance Modeling and Stability Analysis for VS...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on DC Technologies and systems, DCTS 2024

作者： Su, Xinyang Wang, Minghao Xue, Ying Chen, Junyu Shi, Wenzhuo Xu, Zhao The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Hong Kong Hong Kong The University of Macau State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering China South China University of Technology School of Electric Power Engineering Guangzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350379464

As a kind of grid-forming control method that can effectively provide virtual inertia for the power grid, the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control has received increasing attention in recent years. However, the VSG control will extract energy from the DC side during a grid frequency drop, which brings a burden on the stability of the DC side of a VSG. To address this problem, this paper establishes a fully analytical small-signal model of the VSG DC terminal impedance, incorporating both the inertia mechanism and the DC side dynamics. The accuracy of the model is validated through comparison with the sweep frequency results of the simulation. Finally, the Nyquist criterion is employed to analyze the DC stability of the VSG, and the simulation results match well with the theoretical predictions. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Synchronous generators

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Evaluating Dry Electrodes and Bioinstrumentation for Wearable Arm ECG Acquisition

Evaluating Dry Electrodes and Bioinstrumentation for Wearabl...

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2024 International Conference on the Challenges, Opportunities, Innovations and Applications in Electronic Textiles, E-Textiles 2024

作者： Veeturi, Suparna Ravichandran, Vignesh Cerullo, Alex Chomal, Shubham Shahriari, Yalda Carreiro, Stephanie Venkatasubramanian, Krishna Mankodiya, Kunal Solanki, Dhaval University of Rhode Island Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering United States University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School Department of Emergency Medicine United States University of Rhode Island Department of Mechanical Industrial and Systems Engineering KingstonRI United States University of Rhode Island Department of Computer Science and Statistics United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783000804298

Arm-based electrocardiogram (ECG) offers a more comfortable and user-friendly alternative to traditional chest ECG for wearable cardiac monitoring in daily health applications. However, arm ECG faces challenges such as capturing extremely low-amplitude signals in the microvolt range and significant electromyogram (EMG) noise contamination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of dry electrodes for arm and chest ECG monitoring using gold standard BIOPAC and proposed mDAQ systems. This study consisted of two phases. In Phase 1, we evaluated different dry electrode materials, including silver knit fabric and gold-plated electrodes, with six healthy adult participants (N = males and N =3 females) having upper arm circumference ranging from 27 to 42 cm. We used a BIOPAC system as a gold standard to collect arm ECG, upper arm EMG, and reference chest ECG during standardized movement tasks. Results showed that silver knit electrodes demonstrated superior QRS energy (0.705 ± 0.151), surpassing chest gel floating ECG QRS energy (0.328 ± 0.026), with lower EMG interference across movement conditions. In Phase 2, we developed a bioinstrumentation system (mDAQ) optimized for dry electrodes, demonstrating reliable ECG acquisition in both chest Lead I and arm configurations. -We validated our bioinstrumentation with sixteen healthy adult participants (N = 8 male and N = female. The mDAQ system maintained high signal consistency with a skewness effect size of 0.963 and showed a mean heart rate bias of only -1.842 bpm compared to the BIOPAC system, confirming its viability for wearable ECG monitoring applications. © 2024 Fraunhofer IZM.

关键词： Gold plating

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Secure beamforming designs for maximizing secrecy sum rate in MISO-NOMA networks

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Digital Communications and Networks 2025年第1期11卷 83-91页

作者： Yanbo Zhang Zheng Yang Jingjing Cui Xianfu Lei Yi Wu Jun Zhang Chao Fang Zhiguo Ding College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350007China School of Electronics and Computer Science University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK Institute of Mobile Communications Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210003China Faculty of Information Technology Beijing University of TechnologyBeijingChina School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering The University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK

In this paper,the application of Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access(NOMA)is investigated in a multiple-input single-output network consisting of multiple legitimate users and a potential *** support secure transmissions from legitimate users,two NOMA Secrecy Sum Rate Transmit Beam Forming(NOMA-SSR-TBF)schemes are proposed to maximise the SSR of a Base Station(BS)with sufficient and insufficient transmit *** BS with sufficient transmit power,an artificial jamming beamforming design scheme is proposed to disrupt the potential eavesdropping without impacting the legitimate *** addition,for BS with insufficient transmit power,a modified successive interference cancellation decoding sequence is used to reduce the impact of artificial jamming on legitimate *** specifically,iterative algorithm for the successive convex approximation are provided to jointly optimise the vectors of transmit beamforming and artificial *** results demonstrate that the proposed NOMA-SSR-TBF schemes outperforms the existing works,such as the maximized artificial jamming power scheme,the maximized artificial jamming power scheme with artificial jamming beamforming design and maximized secrecy sum rate scheme without artificial jamming beamforming design.

关键词： NOMA Secure transmission Artificial jamming Beamforming design

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A SURVEY ON ENHANCING REINFORCEMENT LEARNING IN COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTS: INSIGHTS FROM HUMAN AND LLM FEEDBACK

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Laleh, Alireza Rashidi Ahmadabadi, Majid Nili Cognitive Systems Lab School of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran

Reinforcement learning (RL) is one of the active fields in machine learning, demonstrating remarkable potential in tackling real-world challenges. Despite its promising prospects, this methodology has encountered with issues and challenges, hindering it from achieving the best performance. In particular, these approaches lack decent performance when navigating environments and solving tasks with large observation space, often resulting in sample-inefficiency and prolonged learning times. This issue, commonly referred to as the curse of dimensionality, complicates decision-making for RL agents, necessitating a careful balance between attention and decision-making. RL agents, when augmented with human or large language models’ (LLMs) feedback, may exhibit resilience and adaptability, leading to enhanced performance and accelerated learning. Such feedback, conveyed through various modalities or granularities including natural language, serves as a guide for RL agents, aiding them in discerning relevant environmental cues and optimizing decision-making processes. In this survey paper, we mainly focus on problems of two-folds: firstly, we focus on humans or an LLMs assistance, investigating the ways in which these entities may collaborate with the RL agent in order to foster optimal behavior and expedite learning;secondly, we delve into the research papers dedicated to addressing the intricacies of environments characterized by large observation space. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Experimental Evaluation of the Impact of Using Oriented Steel in Proportion to Segmentation on Core Loss of AC Electric Machine Stator

Experimental Evaluation of the Impact of Using Oriented Stee...

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2024 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2024

作者： Khoshoo, Bhuvan Aggarwal, Anmol Agapiou, John Foster, Shanelle N. Michigan State University Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering East LansingMI United States General Motors PontiacMI United States General Motors Manufacturing Systems Research Laboratory WarrenMI United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350376067

The strategic incorporation of oriented steel in a segmented stator AC electric machine has the potential to enhance machine performance by reducing core losses compared to a machine designed with non-oriented steel. However, the introduction of cut-edges and the stress on individual segments resulting from segmented stator construction may have unintended consequences. Despite several attempts to assess the impact of cut-edges or oriented steel on core losses in segmented stators, the literature lacks an analysis of the loss separation between tooth and back-iron components using manufactured stators. This gap in understanding prevents a comprehensive assessment of the true impact of using oriented steel in segmented stator construction for core loss improvement. In this work, the loss of each tooth and back-iron segment is calculated by conducting experiments with three different electromagnetic devices, specifically H-shaped steel laminations. By comparing the results from three manufactured stators, we elucidate the influence of oriented steel in proportion to the segmented stator construction. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Stators

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