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arXiv 2024年

作者： Lv, Lu Xu, Dongyang Hu, Rose Qingyang Ye, Yinghui Yang, Long Lei, Xianfu Wang, Xianbin Kim, Dong In Nallanathan, Arumugam The State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks Xidian University Xi’an710071 China The School of Information and Communications Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Utah State University LoganUT84322 United States The Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security Xi’an University of Posts & Telecommunications Xi’an710121 China The School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu610031 China The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Western University LondonONN6A 5B9 Canada The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon16419 Korea Republic of School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London E1 4NS United Kingdom

Driven by the ever-increasing requirements of ultrahigh spectral efficiency, ultra-low latency, and massive connectivity, the forefront of wireless research calls for the design of advanced next generation multiple access schemes to facilitate provisioning of these stringent demands. This inspires the embrace of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in future wireless communication networks. Nevertheless, the support of massive access via NOMA leads to additional security threats, due to the open nature of the air interface, the broadcast characteristic of radio propagation as well as intertwined relationship among paired NOMA users. To address this specific challenge, the superimposed transmission of NOMA can be explored as new opportunities for security aware design, for example, multiuser interference inherent in NOMA can be constructively engineered to benefit communication secrecy and privacy. The purpose of this tutorial is to provide a comprehensive overview on the state-of-the-art physical layer security techniques that guarantee wireless security and privacy for NOMA networks, along with the opportunities, technical challenges, and future research trends. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Radio waves

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A Detection Method Toward Yellow Dragon Disease Spreads Using Spark and Deep Learning 3

A Detection Method Toward Yellow Dragon Disease Spreads Usin...

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3rd International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communication engineering, HPCCE 2023

作者： Xie, Wu Su, Zhenzhao Zhang, Huimin Kang, Ping Qin, Kun Fan, Yong Zhao, Quanyou Guangxi Key Laboratory of Image and Graphic Intelligent Processing Guilin University of Electronic Technology Guilin541214 China Key Laboratory of Education Blockchain and Intelligent Technology Ministry of Education Guangxi Normal University Guilin541004 China Lingchuan Science and Technology Information Institute Guilin541299 China Guilin Hivision Technology Co. Ltd. Guilin541004 China School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Guilin University of Electronic Technology Guilin541214 China School of Computer Science and Engineering Guilin University of Aerospace Technology Guilin541004 China

ISBN: (数字)9781510674653

ISBN: (纸本)9781510674646

The detection methods of yellow dragon disease spread via wood lice transmission networks like social networks are very important for diverse citrus trees and farmers. Although current methods have some detection accuracy or low cost, the detection processes are relatively troublesome and the detection cycles are long, making it be a difficult problem to apply them in large-scale orange farms as practical scenarios to detect citrus yellow dragon disease in a timely manner. A new method toward detecting citrus yellow dragon disease spread utilizing Spark and deep learning is proposed for this problem. By obtaining citrus field video stream data through high-definition cameras, and transferring the stream data to the Spark cluster through Kafka like intelligent agents, it is practicable to use the structured streaming component under the Spark framework via big data ecosphere to process video or image stream data transmitted via monitoring. We construct a citrus yellow dragon disease detection model via YOLOv7, and use self-made citrus yellow dragon disease images as training and testing data sets. The preliminary experimental results show that the new methods achieved an accuracy of 83.14%. To reduce the occurrence of missed and false detections, the shallow detection heads are added to the feature fusion networks for improvement, extracting and fusing shallow network information to try to improve the detection effects of yellow dragon disease. Then replace the convolution operation in the ELAN (Effective Long-range Aggregation Network) module with deep separable convolution to reduce the number of model parameters. The preliminary experimental results show that compared to the original YOLOv7 model, our improved citrus yellow dragon disease detection model with YOLOv7 has an accuracy improvement of 2.43%, maintaining a higher detection accuracy with lower time than before. © 2024 SPIE.

关键词： Deep learning

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TrojanWhisper: Evaluating Pre-trained LLMs to Detect and Localize Hardware Trojans

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Faruque, Md Omar Jamieson, Peter Patooghy, Ahmad Badawy, Abdel-Hameed A. Klipsch School of ECE New Mexico State University Las CrucesNM88003 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Miami University OxfordOH United States Computer Systems Technology North Carolina A&T State University GreensboroNC United States

Existing Hardware Trojans (HT) detection methods face several critical limitations: logic testing struggles with scalability and coverage for large designs, side-channel analysis requires golden reference chips, and formal verification methods suffer from state-space explosion. The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) offers a promising new direction for HT detection by leveraging their natural language understanding and reasoning capabilities. For the first time, this paper explores the potential of general-purpose LLMs in detecting various HTs inserted in Register Transfer Level (RTL) designs, including SRAM, AES, and UART modules. We propose a novel tool for this goal that systematically assesses state-of-the-art LLMs (GPT-4o, Gemini 1.5 pro, and Llama 3.1) in detecting HTs without prior fine-tuning. To address potential training data bias, the tool implements perturbation techniques, i.e., variable name obfuscation, and design restructuring, that make the cases more sophisticated for the used LLMs. Our experimental evaluation demonstrates perfect detection rates by GPT-4o and Gemini 1.5 pro in baseline scenarios (100%/100% precision/recall), with both models achieving better trigger line coverage (TLC: 0.82-0.98) than payload line coverage (PLC: 0.32-0.46). Under code perturbation, while Gemini 1.5 pro maintains perfect detection performance (100%/100%), GPT-4o (100%/85.7%) and Llama 3.1 (66.7%/85.7%) show some degradation in detection rates, and all models experience decreased accuracy in localizing both triggers and payloads. This paper validates the potential of LLM approaches for hardware security applications, highlighting areas for future improvement. TrojanWhisper’s HT detection results will be available here https://***/HSTRG1/***. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Formal verification

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A Non-cooperative Game-based Approach to Distributed Beam Scheduling in Millimeter-Wave Networks 55

A Non-cooperative Game-based Approach to Distributed Beam Sc...

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55th Asilomar Conference on Signals, systems and computers, ACSSC 2021

作者： Zhang, Xiang Sarkar, Shamik Kasera, Sneha Kumar Bhuyan, Arupjyoti Ji, Mingyue University of Utah Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering United States University of Utah School of Computing United States Idaho National Laboratory United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781665458283

This paper considers the problem of distributed beam scheduling in millimeter-Wave (mmWave) cellular networks with non-cooperating service operators sharing the spectrum. The base stations (BSs) may belong to different operators so there is no coordination or centralized control among them. Our goal is to design efficient distributed beam scheduling schemes to optimize the network-level utility defined as the sum of the logarithm of the average throughput of the users. Utilizing the Lyapunov optimization theory, the network utility optimization problem can be cast into two sub-problems to be solved iteratively in each frame. The second sub-problem is non-convex and challenging to solve in general. To this end, we propose a non-cooperative game-based beam scheduling and power allocation scheme in which the BSs are modeled as players that aim to optimize their individual payoff. The Nash Equilibrium (NE) then provides a distributed (approximate) solution to the second sub-problem. We prove the existence of NE and identify sufficient conditions guaranteeing the uniqueness of NE by establishing an equivalence of the formulated game to a variational inequality problem. A parallel power update algorithm is proposed with assured convergence. Numerical evaluation demonstrates the superiority of the proposed approach over several baselines. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Millimeter waves

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Self-temperature compensation approach for fiber specklegram magnetic field sensor based on polarization specklegram analysis 8

Self-temperature compensation approach for fiber specklegram...

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8th Symposium on Novel Photoelectronic Detection Technology and Applications

作者： Hu, Shicheng Liu, Haifeng Liu, Bo Lin, Wei Zhang, Hao Song, Binbin Wu, Jixuan Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology Institute of Modern Optics Nankai University Tianjin300350 China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology Institute of Modern Optics Nankai University Tianjin300350 China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Zhuhai519000 China Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and Systems Ministry of Education School of Computer Science and Engineering Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin300384 China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Detection Technology and Systems College of Electronic and Information Engineering Tianjin Polytechnic University Tianjin300387 China

ISBN: (数字)9781510653122

ISBN: (纸本)9781510653115

In this letter, we proposed a self-temperature-compensation approach for fiber specklegram sensor (FSS) based on polarization specklegram analysis. The temperature compensation is achieved by comparing the variation difference of the two specklegrams with vertical linear polarization state. We designed a fiber specklegram magnetic field sensor employing this method and the magneto-birefringence effect of magnetic fluid. The measurement of magnetic field with high stability and good repeatability has been successfully achieved, which demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method. Due to the merits of low cost, ease of implement and system simplicity, the proposed method can promote the practical use of the FSS in long term monitoring. © 2022 SPIE

关键词： Polarization

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Adaptive Frequency Hopping for 5G New Radio mMTC Security

Adaptive Frequency Hopping for 5G New Radio mMTC Security

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IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)

作者： Wai Ming Chan Hyuck M. Kwon Rémi A. Chou David J. Love Sonia Fahmy Syed Rafiul Hussain Sang Wu Kim Chris Vander Valk Christopher G. Brinton Vuk Marojevic Khanh D. Pham Taejoon Kim Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of Kansas Lawrence KS USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Wichita State University Wichita KS USA School of Computing Wichita State University Wichita KS USA Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA Department of Computer Science Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University State College PA USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA USA Raytheon BBN Cambridge MA USA Department of ECE Mississippi State University Starkville MS USA Air Force Research Laboratory Albuquerque NM USA

3GPP standards (e.g., LTE and 5G New Radio (NR)) have revolutionized commercial broadband access. Unfortunately, the openness of $\mathbf{3GPP}$ specifications and high-level of adaptability make fifth-generation (5G) networks increasingly sensitive to unsophisticated attacks in the network. While 5G NR has introduced frequency hopping (FH) for massive machine-type communications $(\mathbf{mMTC})$ , there has not been a unified approach to designing the FH patterns in practical 5G systems. In this paper, we investigate the multi-user FH design problem at the physical resource grid of the 5G communication networks. We present various criteria for FH pattern design and propose two algorithms that are implementable with low complexity. The first scheme utilizes known interference patterns to design a set of user equipment (UE) FH patterns that are immune to interfering attacks. The second scheme leverages interference statistics and minimizes the expected number of hits by the interferer. Through numerical simulations and analytical modeling, we demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed schemes, which outperform the uniform FH pattern and achieve near-optimal performance.

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HYDROPHOBICITY AND DENSITY MEASUREMENTS ON NEW AND FIELD AGED MEDIUM VOLTAGE COMPOSITE INSULATORS 22

HYDROPHOBICITY AND DENSITY MEASUREMENTS ON NEW AND FIELD AGE...

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22nd International Symposium on High Voltage engineering, ISH 2021

作者： Kokalis, Christos-Christodoulos A. Giasafakis, Constantinos D. Kontargyri, Vassiliki T. Gonos, Ioannis F. High Voltage Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens 9 Iroon Polytechniou Street AthensGR 15780 Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9781839536052

This paper investigates the aging of the HTV silicone rubber with ATH filler housing of brand new and naturally field-aged medium voltage composite insulators. Three different tests were performed for the purpose of this investigation. Visual inspection, as well as hydrophobicity, according to the spray method of IEC 62073, and density measurements, according to method B of ISO 2781, were conducted. The composite insulators used for this research work were two new (unused) and six naturally aged line-post and suspension composite insulators, made by four different manufacturers. The results showed that visual inspection, in combination with measurement of hydrophobicity, can be a good indicator for the aging of composite insulators. In addition, it was concluded that density of the housing material does not seem to depend on the aging of the insulators, as well as on the part of the insulators from which the test piece is extracted. Finally, density can give a first indication about which material is used as housing for composite insulators. © 2021 The Institution of engineering and Technology.

关键词： Hydrophobicity

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GUEST EDITORIAL

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China Communications 2023年第2期 3-6页

作者： Yuan Wu Xu Chen Feng Lyu Xianfu Chen Xumin Huang Jie Gao Yueyue Dai Tony Q.S.Quek Yan Zhang the State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City University of Macau the Department of Computer and Information Science University of Macau Sun Yat-sen University Sun Yat-sen University Institute of Advanced Networking and Computing Systems Sun Yat-sen University National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory the School of Computer Science and Engineering Central South University the VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland the School of Automation Guangdong University of Technology the School of Information Technology Carleton University Huazhong University of Science and Technology Singapore University of Technology and Design(SUTD) the IEEE Communications Society Technical Committee on Green Communications and Computing(TCGCC)

With the growing maturity of the advanced edge-cloud collaboration and integrated sensing-communication-computing systems, edge intelligence has been envisioned as one of the enabling technologies for ubiquitous and l...

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Backtracking Search Algorithm for Microgrid Energy Scheduling in Day Ahead Market 6

Backtracking Search Algorithm for Microgrid Energy Schedulin...

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6th International Conference on electrical Information and Communication Technology, EICT 2023

作者： Zardar, Md. Abu Shafiullah, Md Nadia, Awatif Hossain, Md. Sanwar Islam, Khondoker Ziaul Islam, Mohammad Ariful Bangladesh University of Business and Technology Department of EEE Dhaka Bangladesh King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems Dhahran31261 Saudi Arabia Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering Dhaka1208 Bangladesh University of Wollongong School of Electrical Computer and Telecommunications Engineering NSW2522 Australia Murdoch University Discipline of Information Technology WA6150 Australia Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology Institute of Energy Technology Chittagong4349 Bangladesh

ISBN: (纸本)9798350370836

Energy utilization and cost minimization of renewable energy microgrids (REM) is an essential and difficult optimization challenge. However, most works have not considered heuristic and non-heuristic algorithms of REM complex equality and inequality requirements. In response, a single-objective optimization model for REM scheduling is developed and presented in this study. This microgrid model uses a very efficient and well-liked meta-heuristic optimization method called the Backtracking Search Algorithm (BSA). The BSA method locates a solution by constructing a solution piece by piece, adding levels over time, and using recursive calling. It is a method of large-scale search, and unlike other meta-heuristic approaches, it has a different model structure. Therefore, the proposed solution strategy may provide desirable outcomes with sufficient computational effort. Furthermore, in this research, the suggested process evaluates the consequences of another well-known meta-heuristic, particle swarm optimization. Its results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the BSA over other REM determination techniques. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Heuristic methods

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Service Reservation and Pricing for Green Metaverses: A Stackelberg Game Approach

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Huang, Xumin Wu, Yuan Kang, Jiawen Nie, Jiangtian Zhong, Weifeng Kim, Dong In Xie, Shengli School of Automation Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou510006 China State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City University of Macau China Department of Computer and Information Science University of Macau China School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon16419 Korea Republic of

Metaverse enables users to communicate, collaborate and socialize with each other through their digital avatars. Due to the spatio-temporal characteristics, co-located users are served well by performing their software components in a collaborative manner such that a Metaverse service provider (MSP) eliminates redundant data transmission and processing, ultimately reducing the total energy consumption. The energy-efficient service provision is crucial for enabling the green and sustainable Metaverse. In this article, we take an augmented reality (AR) application as an example to achieve this goal. Moreover, we study an economic issue on how the users reserve offloading services from the MSP and how the MSP determines an optimal charging price since each user is rational to decide whether to accept the offloading service by taking into account the monetary cost. A single-leader multi-follower Stackelberg game is formulated between the MSP and users while each user optimizes an offloading probability to minimize the weighted sum of time, energy consumption and monetary cost. Numerical results show that our scheme achieves energy savings and satisfies individual rationality simultaneously compared with the conventional schemes. Finally, we identify and discuss open directions on how several emerging technologies are combined with the sustainable green Metaverse. © 2023, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Energy utilization

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