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arXiv 2024年

作者： Benedetti, Giacomo Cofano, Serena Brighente, Alessandro Conti, Mauro Department of Informatics Bioengineering Robotics and Systems Engineering University of Genoa Italy IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca Italy Department of Mathematics University of Padua Italy Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Delft University of Technology Netherlands

The Software Supply Chain (SSC) security is a critical concern for both users and developers. Recent incidents, like the SolarWinds Orion compromise, proved the widespread impact resulting from the distribution of compromised software. The reliance on open-source components, which constitute a significant portion of modern software, further exacerbates this risk. To enhance SSC security, the Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) has been promoted as a tool to increase transparency and verifiability in software composition. However, despite its promise, SBOMs are not without limitations. Current SBOM generation tools often suffer from inaccuracies in identifying components and dependencies, leading to the creation of erroneous or incomplete representations of the SSC. Despite existing studies exposing these limitations, their impact on the vulnerability detection capabilities of security tools is still unknown. In this paper, we perform the first security analysis on the vulnerability detection capabilities of tools receiving SBOMs as input. We comprehensively evaluate SBOM generation tools by providing their outputs to vulnerability identification software. Based on our results, we identify the root causes of these tools' ineffectiveness and propose PIP-sbom, a novel pip-inspired solution that addresses their shortcomings. PIP-sbom provides improved accuracy in component identification and dependency resolution. Compared to best-performing state-of-the-art tools, PIP-sbom increases the average precision and recall by 60%, and reduces by ten times the number of false positives. © 2024, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Input output programs

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Purify Unlearnable Examples via Rate-Constrained Variational Autoencoders

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Yu, Yi Wang, Yufei Xia, Song Yang, Wenhan Lu, Shijian Tan, Yap-Peng Kot, Alex C. Rapid-Rich Object Search Lab Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme Nanyang Technological University Singapore School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore PengCheng Laboratory Shenzhen China School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore

Unlearnable examples (UEs) seek to maximize testing error by making subtle modifications to training examples that are correctly labeled. Defenses against these poisoning attacks can be categorized based on whether specific interventions are adopted during training. The first approach is training-time defense, such as adversarial training, which can mitigate poisoning effects but is computationally intensive. The other approach is pre-training purification, e.g., image short squeezing, which consists of several simple compressions but often encounters challenges in dealing with various UEs. Our work provides a novel disentanglement mechanism to build an efficient pre-training purification method. Firstly, we uncover rate-constrained variational autoencoders (VAEs), demonstrating a clear tendency to suppress the perturbations in UEs. We subsequently conduct a theoretical analysis for this phenomenon. Building upon these insights, we introduce a disentangle variational autoencoder (D-VAE), capable of disentangling the perturbations with learnable class-wise embeddings. Based on this network, a two-stage purification approach is naturally developed. The first stage focuses on roughly eliminating perturbations, while the second stage produces refined, poison-free results, ensuring effectiveness and robustness across various scenarios. Extensive experiments demonstrate the remarkable performance of our method across CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and a 100-class ImageNet-subset. Code is available at https://***/yuyi-sd/D-VAE. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Purification

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ESFL: Efficient Split Federated Learning over Resource-Constrained Heterogeneous Wireless Devices

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhu, Guangyu Deng, Yiqin Chen, Xianhao Zhang, Haixia Fang, Yuguang Wong, Tan F. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Florida GainesvilleFL32611 United States School of Control Science and Engineering Shandong Key Laboratory of Wireless Communication Technologies Shandong University Shandong Jinan250061 China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Hong Kong Pok Fu Lam Hong Kong Department of Computer Science City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong

Federated learning (FL) allows multiple parties (distributed devices) to train a machine learning model without sharing raw data. How to effectively and efficiently utilize the resources on devices and the central server is a highly interesting yet challenging problem. In this paper, we propose an efficient split federated learning algorithm (ESFL) to take full advantage of the powerful computing capabilities at a central server under a split federated learning framework with heterogeneous end devices (EDs). By splitting the model into different submodels between the server and EDs, our approach jointly optimizes user-side workload and server-side computing resource allocation by considering users’ heterogeneity. We formulate the whole optimization problem as a mixed-integer non-linear program, which is an NP-hard problem, and develop an iterative approach to obtain an approximate solution efficiently. Extensive simulations have been conducted to validate the significantly increased efficiency of our ESFL approach compared with standard federated learning, split learning, and splitfed learning. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Learning algorithms

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Improving Patient Flow in a Primary Care Clinic

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Operations Research Forum 2022年第3期3卷 1-22页

作者： Preuss, Nathan Guo, Lin Allen, Janet K. Mistree, Farrokh The School of Computer Science The University of Oklahoma Norman OK United States The Department of Economics The University of Oklahoma Norman OK United States Department of Industrial Engineering South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Rapid City SD United States The Systems Realization Laboratory The University of Oklahoma Norman OK United States

When patients visit primary care clinics, they can be subject to long wait times due to operational inefficiencies and bottlenecks, decreasing patient satisfaction and sometimes leading to worse health outcomes. The existing literature models primary care clinics primarily as agent-based models, which are excellent at tracking individual patients and their movements in a model of a clinic. While agent-based models can detect bottlenecks, a network flow model better detects bottlenecks in the model by correlating changes in patient flow and wait times in the healthcare network. In this paper, a network flow model is constructed, where patients flow along the capacitated edges of a network while receiving treatment at the nodes. This configuration easily identifies bottlenecks by analyzing the flow in and flow out of nodes through metrics such as efficiency and patient wait times. The capacities of the edges for this model are taken from an agent-based model of a case study of a primary care clinic and sampled as random variables. Ensemble runs of the network flow model are created to account for uncertainty in the synthetic data. By changing the topology of the network flow model, bottlenecks are removed, increasing the model efficiency and decreasing patient wait times. Finally, the model is subjected to a sensitivity analysis. The focus in this work is on the method rather than the results per se. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Efficiency Network flow model Patient wait times Primary care clinic Synthetic data

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Enhancing Outage-Constrained Secure EE with RIS Under a Multi-Antenna Eavesdropper

Enhancing Outage-Constrained Secure EE with RIS Under a Mult...

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IEEE Conference on Global Communications (GLOBECOM)

作者： Zongze Li Qingfeng Lin Yik-Chung Wu Derrick Wing Kwan Ng Arumugam Nallanathan Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Hong Kong Hong Kong School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications the University of New South Wales Australia School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science at Queen Mary University of London UK

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has the potential to significantly enhance the physical layer security by reconfiguring the wireless propagation environment. However, due to the hostile nature of potential eavesdroppers and the cascaded channel brought by the RIS, acquiring perfect channel state information (CSI) of the eavesdroppers is challenging. Worse still, if the eavesdroppers are equipped with multiple antennas, the design of the optimal phase-shift, power allocation, and secure transmission data rate are intractable due to the couplings of random channel matrices in the outage probability. To overcome these challenges, this paper for the first time reveals an analytical transformation for handling the outage probabilistic constraint in the secure energy efficiency maximization problem due to multi-antenna eavesdropper. The resultant problem is readily handled under the alternating maximization framework. Simulation results unveil that the proposed probabilistic constraint transformation and the associated optimization algorithm provide superior secure energy efficiency over the baseline schemes of random phase-shift, fixed phase-shift, RIS ignoring CSI uncertainty, and secure transmission without RIS.

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Defective Microstrip Structure Based Phase Shifter with Reduced Size for Phased Antenna Array Applications

Defective Microstrip Structure Based Phase Shifter with Redu...

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IEEE International Workshop on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing systems: Technology and Applications

作者： Hajra Khan Shahid Khan Jamal Nasir Syed Ahson Ali Shah Mariana Dalarsson Mohammad Alibakhshikenari Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering COMSATS University Islamabad Pakistan Applied Bioelectronics Laboratory Hanyang University Seoul South Korea School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden Department of Signal Theory and Communications Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Spain

In this work, we propose a small-size and low-cost phase shifter based on defective microstrip structure (DMS) technique, with a modified reconfigurable unit cell (MRDMS) for WLAN applications at 5.2 GHz. The phase shifter is made up of an MRDMS unit, created by etching slots on a simple microstrip line with an outline of three bridges. To further increase the phase shift, a T-shaped slot is introduced in the central bridge and PIN diodes on the edges of the outer bridges are used. By switching the diodes on and off, the MRDMS unit cell is capable of operating in a variety of different modes to give a phase shift of 37.71° at 5.2 GHz. Additionally, MRDMS unit cells are cascaded for higher phase shift as required. Cascaded two- and four-cell phase shifters were designed and simulated in HFSS and a parametric study on various parameters was conducted to show the detailed operating properties of the proposed phase shifter. Compared to previously reported research, the present study shows that two cascaded phase shifters introduce 75.08° phase shifts and 151.75°, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the maximum phase shift obtained by a phase shifter based on MRDMS.

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Virtually coupled train set control subject to space-time separation:A distributed economic MPC approach with emergency braking configuration

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High-Speed Railway 2024年第3期2卷 143-152页

作者： Xiaolin Luo Tao Tang Le Wang Hongjie Liu State Key Laboratory of Advanced Rail Autonomous Operation Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of CaliforniaRiversideCA 92521USA Beijing Zongheng Electro-Mechanical Technology Development Co. Ltd.Beijing 100081China School of Automation and Intelligence Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China National Engineering Research Center of Rail Transportation Operation and Control System Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China

The emerging virtual coupling technology aims to operate multiple train units in a Virtually Coupled Train Set(VCTS)at a minimal but safe *** guarantee collision avoidance,the safety distance should be calculated using the state-of-the-art space-time separation principle that separates the Emergency Braking(EB)trajectories of two successive units during the whole EB *** this case,the minimal safety distance is usually numerically calculated without an analytic ***,the constrained VCTS control problem is hard to address with space-time separation,which is still a gap in the existing *** solve this problem,we propose a Distributed Economic Model Predictive Control(DEMPC)approach with computation efficiency and theoretical ***,to alleviate the computation burden,we transform implicit safety constraints into explicitly linear ones,such that the optimal control problem in DEMPC is a quadratic programming problem that can be solved *** theoretical analysis,sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee the recursive feasibility and stability of DEMPC,employing compatibility constraints,tube techniques and terminal ingredient ***,we extend our approach with globally optimal and distributed online EB configuration methods to shorten the minimal distance among ***,experimental results demonstrate the performance and advantages of the proposed approaches.

关键词： Virtually coupled train set Space-time separation Economic model predictive control Distributed model predictive control Emergency braking configuration

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Improving the quality of the power supply during the period of covid-19 using plug-in electric vehicles and artificial intelligence

Improving the quality of the power supply during the period ...

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International Conference on Sciences and Techniques of Automatic Control and computer engineering (STA)

作者： Kouame Emmanuel Kouakou Mouna Rekik Lotfi Krichen Electrical Engineering Department Electrical systems and renewable energies Laboratory (LSEER) University of Sfax National Engineering School of Sfax (ENIS) Sfax Tunis Electrical Engineering Department Electrical systems and renewable energies Laboratory (LSEER) University of Sfax University of Gabes National Engineering School of Sfax (ENIS) Higher Institute of Computer Science and Multimedia of Gabes (ISIMG) Sfax Gabes Tunis

ISBN: (纸本)9781665482622

COVID-19, corona virus disease, has been ravaging the world since the last quarter of 2019. To address this threat, the World Health Organization (WHO) has established a list of priority medical equipment that must be used by hospitals and clinics. These equipments are in fact non-linear harmonic-producing loads that have a detrimental effect on the devices and degrade the quality of the power supply. In this paper a parallel active filter: a neuronal harmonic compensation strategy based on plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) connected to the charging stations in the parking lot of hospitals and clinics and artificial intelligence is proposed in order to improve the quality of power supply thus protecting medical equipment in order to save lives. This strategy will be simulated in MATLAB and the results will be presented as evidence of its effectiveness.

关键词： COVID-19 Plug-in electric vehicles Biomedical equipment Hospitals Power quality Organizations Harmonic analysis

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Blind Asynchronous Goal-Oriented Detection for Massive Connectivity

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Daei, Sajad Razavikia, Saeed Kountouris, Marios Skoglund, Mikael Fodor, Gabor Fischione, Carlo School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden Communication Systems Department EURECOM Sophia Antipolis06410 France Ericsson Research Sweden

Resource allocation and multiple access schemes are instrumental for the success of communication networks, which facilitate seamless wireless connectivity among a growing population of uncoordinated and non-synchronized users. In this paper, we present a novel random access scheme that addresses one of the most severe barriers of current strategies to achieve massive connectivity and ultra reliable and low latency communications for 6G. The proposed scheme utilizes wireless channels’ angular continuous group-sparsity feature to provide low latency, high reliability, and massive access features in the face of limited time-bandwidth resources, asynchronous transmissions, and preamble errors. Specifically, a reconstruction-free goal oriented optimization problem is proposed which preserves the angular information of active devices and is then complemented by a clustering algorithm to assign active users to specific groups. This allows to identify active stationary devices according to their line of sight angles. Additionally, for mobile devices, an alternating minimization algorithm is proposed to recover their preamble, data, and channel gains simultaneously, enabling the identification of active mobile users. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm provides excellent performance and supports a massive number of devices. Moreover, the performance of the proposed scheme is independent of the total number of devices, distinguishing it from other random access schemes. The proposed method provides a unified solution to meet the requirements of machine-type communications and ultra reliable and low latency communications, making it an important contribution to the emerging 6G networks. © 2023, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Internet of things

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High-Rate Spatially Coupled LDPC Codes Based on Massey’s Convolutional Self-Orthogonal Codes

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Costello, Daniel J. Zhu, Min Mitchell, David G.M. Lentmaier, Michael Department of Electrical Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre DameIN United States State Key Laboratory of ISN Xidian University Xi’an China Klipsch School of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Mexico State University Las CrucesNM United States Department of Electrical and Information Technology Lund University Lund Sweden

In this paper, we study a new class of high-rate spatially coupled LDPC (SC-LDPC) codes based on the convolutional self-orthogonal codes (CSOCs) first introduced by Massey. The SC-LDPC codes are constructed by treating the irregular graph corresponding to the parity-check matrix of a systematic rate R = (n − 1)/n CSOC as a convolutional protograph. The protograph can then be lifted using permutation matrices to generate a high-rate SC-LDPC code whose strength depends on the lifting factor. The SC-LDPC codes constructed in this fashion can be decoded using iterative belief propagation (BP) based sliding window decoding (SWD). A non-systematic version of a CSOC parity-check matrix is then proposed by making a slight modification to the systematic construction. The non-systematic parity-check matrix corresponds to a regular protograph whose degree profile depends on the rate and error-correcting capability of the underlying CSOC. Even though the parity-check matrix is in non-systematic form, we show how systematic encoding can still be performed. We also show that the non-systematic convolutional protograph has a guaranteed girth and free distance and that these properties carry over to the lifted versions. Finally, numerical results are included demonstrating that CSOC-based SC-LDPC codes (i) achieve excellent performance at very high rates, (ii) have performance at least as good as that of SC-LDPC codes constructed from convolutional protographs commonly found in the literature, and (iii) have iterative decoding thresholds comparable to those of existing SC-LDPC code designs. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Iterative decoding

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