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Role of masks in mitigating viral spread on networks

Physical Review E 2023年第1期108卷 014306-014306页

作者： Yurun Tian Anirudh Sridhar Chai Wah Wu Simon A. Levin Kathleen M. Carley H. Vincent Poor Osman Yağan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA Thomas J. Watson Research Center IBM Yorktown Heights New York 10598 USA Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA Software and Societal Systems School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA

Masks have remained an important mitigation strategy in the fight against COVID-19 due to their ability to prevent the transmission of respiratory droplets between individuals. In this work, we provide a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the impact of mask-wearing. To this end, we propose a novel agent-based model of viral spread on networks where agents may either wear no mask or wear one of several types of masks with different properties (e.g., cloth or surgical). We derive analytical expressions for three key epidemiological quantities: The probability of emergence, the epidemic threshold, and the expected epidemic size. In particular, we show how the aforementioned quantities depend on the structure of the contact network, viral transmission dynamics, and the distribution of the different types of masks within the population. Through extensive simulations, we then investigate the impact of different allocations of masks within the population and tradeoffs between the outward efficiency and inward efficiency of the masks. Interestingly, we find that masks with high outward efficiency and low inward efficiency are most useful for controlling the spread in the early stages of an epidemic, while masks with high inward efficiency but low outward efficiency are most useful in reducing the size of an already large spread. Last, we study whether degree-based mask allocation is more effective in reducing the probability of epidemic as well as epidemic size compared to random allocation. The result echoes the previous findings that mitigation strategies should differ based on the stage of the spreading process, focusing on source control before the epidemic emerges and on self-protection after the emergence.

关键词： Cascades Epidemic Percolation phase transition Spreading Multilayer & multiplex networks Poisson degree distribution networks Random graphs Social networks SIR model Spreading models Uncorrelated percolation

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Improved ECO Algorithm Based on Residual Neural Network 2

Improved ECO Algorithm Based on Residual Neural Network

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2nd International Seminar on computer Science and engineering Technology, SCSET 2020

作者： Qi, Huifang Wang, Changmeng Li, Bo School of Information Science and Engineering Yanshan University Qinhuangdao China School of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University Qinhuangdao China Key Laboratory of Industrial Computer Control Engineering in Hebei Province Yanshan University Qinhuangdao China

Video target tracking is one of hot fields of computer vision, and its application is also very extensive. However, due to the complexity and variability of tracking environment, which brings some challenges to the research of target tracking. ECO(Efficient Convolution Operators) Algorithm is proposed based on convolutional neural network in three aspects. Firstly, residual neural network ResNet50 is adopted instead of convolutional neural network to extract the appearance features of target, and deeper residual neural network is applied to obtain more abundant target semantic information, so as to improve the tracking effect of tracking ***, sample space classification strategy is improved. Different weights are assigned to shallow feature and deep feature, which make the deep feature play a more important role and improve the effect of target tracking. Finally, the method of scale estimation is improved so that better bounding boxes can be estimated with the scale changing. Experimental results show that the distance accuracy and success rate of the algorithm. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Target tracking

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Multi-Vehicle Cooperative Persistent Coverage for Random Target Search

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IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 2025年第7期10卷 6680-6687页

作者： Li, Zhuo Li, Guangzheng Sadeghi, Alireza Sun, Jian Wang, Gang Wang, Jialin Beijing Institute of Technology National Key Lab of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems School of Automation Beijing100084 China Chongqing Innovation Center Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing401120 China University of Minnesota Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering MinneapolisMN55455 United States Intelligent Game and Decision Laboratory China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology Beijing100071 China

This letter investigates the target search problem for a network of autonomous vehicles, aiming to maximize the detection of randomly appearing targets within a given area. Considering no prior knowledge of the targets is available, we propose a multi-vehicle cooperative persistent coverage scheme under the framework of multi-agent reinforcement learning, in contrast to heuristic and model-based optimization methods in existing works. We model the persistent coverage problem as a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) due to the vehicles' limited observation ranges, and introduce a knowability map to characterize their knowledge of the target area. Each vehicle employs a distributed estimator, leveraging its own observations and shared information from neighboring vehicles, to construct a globally estimated knowability map - thereby mitigating partial observability. The persistent coverage policies are learned with the architecture of centralized training and distributed execution, enabling cooperative and efficient target search by fully exploiting shared information. Moreover, we propose an adaptive partition method for the target area to ensure a fixed dimension of the state space in the POMDP, which can improve scalability of the learned policy to target areas with various sizes. Simulations validate effectiveness and scalability of the proposed cooperative scheme. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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A 3D cluster-based channel model with time-space consistency (invited paper)

A 3D cluster-based channel model with time-space consistency...

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2021 IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China, ICCC 2021

作者： Huang, Ziwei Cheng, Xiang School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science Peking University State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Department of Electronics Beijing100871 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665443852

This paper proposes a novel three-dimensional (3D) cluster-based sixth-generation (6G) model for millimeter wave (mmWave) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels. In the proposed model, a novel method based on visibility region (VR) is developed, where the smooth and consistent birth and death of clusters in both the time domain and space domain are successfully captured. By using the developed method, the space-time non-stationarity and time-space consistency of channels can be modeled for the first time. Based on the proposed model, important channel statistical properties are derived and thoroughly investigated. Simulation results demonstrate that the smooth birth and death of clusters, time-space consistency, and space-time non-stationarity are modeled sufficiently. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Millimeter waves

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PROBING THE SUPERSYMMETRY-MASS SCALE WITH F-TERM HYBRID INFLATION

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Lazarides, G. Pallis, C. School of Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki ThessalonikiGR-541 24 Greece Laboratory of Physics Faculty of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki ThessalonikiGR-541 24 Greece

We consider F-term hybrid inflation and supersymmetry breaking in the context of a model which largely respects a global U(1) R symmetry. The Kähler potential parameterizes the Kähler manifold with an enhanced U(1) × (SU(1, 1)/U(1)) symmetry, where the scalar curvature of the second factor is determined by the achievement of a supersymmetry-breaking de Sitter vacuum without ugly tuning. The magnitude of the emergent soft tadpole term for the inflaton can be adjusted in the range (1.2 − 460) TeV – increasing with the dimensionality of the representation of the waterfall fields – so that the inflationary observables are in agreement with the observational requirements. The mass scale of the supersymmetric partners turns out to lie in the region (0.09 − 253) PeV which is compatible with high-scale supersymmetry and the results of LHC on the Higgs boson mass. The µ parameter can be generated by conveniently applying the Giudice-Masiero mechanism and assures the out-of-equilibrium decay of the R saxion at a low reheat temperature Trh ≤ 163 GeV. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Supersymmetry

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Voronoi-diagram-enabled arbitrary-path topological transport

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Physical Review Applied 2025年第5期23卷 054041-054041页

作者： You Yang Zhixia Xu Shiqiang Fu Yun Zhou Jie Chang Shuo Bao Xianghong Kong Haotian Wu School of Information Science and Technology Dalian Maritime University Dalian 116026 China State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California San Diego San Diego California 92093 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117583 Singapore School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore

Topological physics in electromagnetics has enabled topological edge-state waveguides, yet traditional propagation path designs of topological photonics are restricted by the geometry of the underlying periodic lattice. Here, we propose a topological waveguide scheme based on Voronoi diagrams, allowing for arbitrary propagation paths and offering greater flexibility beyond the constraints of conventional periodic structures. Focusing on gyromagnetic photonic topological insulators and valley topological insulators, we detail the construction and implementation process. Our method ensures smooth connections between unit cells and efficient wave transmission, which are validated through both simulations and experiments. The proposed scheme greatly expands the flexibility for topological transport and enables more applications for complex topological devices and systems.

关键词： Geometry

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Towards Consumer-Oriented Demand Response systems 7

Towards Consumer-Oriented Demand Response Systems

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7th International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies, SpliTech 2022

作者： Cortez, Vitor Rabelo, Ricardo Carvalho, Arthur Pilloni, Virginia Department of Computer Science Federal University of Piaui PI Teresina Brazil Miami University Department of Information Systems and Analytics Farmer School of Business OxfordOH United States Research Unit of Cagliari Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9789532901160

Consumer acceptance is a must-have for deploying and managing successful demand response systems. Yet, recent research trends favor automated solutions that consider end consumers as passive agents. This paper explores the notion of considering consumers as active agents that interfere with the optimal plan of a demand response system. We simulate an energy community by implementing a state-of-the-art demand response system. Active consumers are modeled to be inflexible using multi-criteria decision-making methods. Results show that the greater the number of inflexible consumers, the greater the impact on the shape of the community's aggregate demand profile. Further studies should consider the impact of this cost and inflexible consumers in their numerical analysis. © 2022 University of Split, FESB.

关键词： Smart power grids

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F2A2: flexible fully-decentralized approximate actor-critic for cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning

The Journal of Machine Learning Research

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The Journal of Machine Learning Research 2023年第1期24卷 8447-8521页

作者： Wenhao Li Bo Jin Xiangfeng Wang Junchi Yan Hongyuan Zha School of Data Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society Shenzhen China School of Software Engineering Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Tongji University Shanghai China School of Computer Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Mathematics and Engineering Applications Ministry of Education East China Normal University Shanghai China Department of Computer Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Ministry of Education Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China

Traditional centralized multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms are sometimes unpractical in complicated applications due to non-interactivity between agents, the curse of dimensionality, and computation complexity. Hence, several decentralized MARL algorithms are motivated. However, existing decentralized methods only handle the fully cooperative setting where massive information needs to be transmitted in training. The block coordinate gradient descent scheme they used for successive independent actor and critic steps can simplify the calculation, but it causes serious bias. This paper proposes a exible fully decentralized actor-critic MARL framework, which can combine most of the actor-critic methods and handle large-scale general cooperative multi-agent settings. A primal-dual hybrid gradient descent type algorithm framework is designed to learn individual agents separately for decentralization. From the perspective of each agent, policy improvement and value evaluation are jointly optimized, which can stabilize multi-agent policy learning. Furthermore, the proposed framework can achieve scalability and stability for the large-scale environment. This framework also reduces information transmission by the parameter sharing mechanism and novel modeling-other-agents methods based on theory-of-mind and online supervised learning. Sufficient experiments in cooperative Multi-agent Particle Environment and StarCraft II show that the proposed decentralized MARL instantiation algorithms perform competitively against conventional centralized and decentralized methods.

关键词： cooperative MARL decentralized actor-critic primal-dual method

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The SMART BEAR Project: An Overview of Its Infrastructure 7th

The SMART BEAR Project: An Overview of Its Infrastructure

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7th and 8th International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Ageing Well and e-Health, ICT4AWE 2021 and ICT4AWE 2022

作者： Su, Qiqi Peretokin, Vadim Basdekis, Ioannis Kouris, Ioannis Maggesi, Jonatan Sicuranza, Mario Acebes, Alberto Bucur, Anca Mukkala, Vinod Jaswanth Roy Pozdniakov, Konstantin Kloukinas, Christos Koutsouris, Dimitrios D. Iliadou, Elefteria Leontsinis, Ioannis Gallo, Luigi De Pietro, Giuseppe Spanoudakis, George Department of Computer Science City University of London London United Kingdom Philips Research Eindhoven Netherlands SPHYNX Technology Solutions AG Zug Switzerland Biomedical Engineering Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens Athens Greece Computer Science Department Università degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy Institute for High-Performance Computing and Networking National Research Council of Italy ICAR - CNR Naples Italy Atos Research and Innovation Madrid Spain 1st Otolaryngology University Department National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece 1st Cardiology Clinic Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9783031374951

The paper describes a cloud-based platform that utilizes Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Explainable AI techniques to deliver evidence-based, personalized interventions to individuals over 65 suffering or at risk of hearing loss, cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairments, balance disorders, or mental health issues, while supporting efficient remote monitoring and clinician-driven guidance. As part of the SMART BEAR integrated project, this platform has been developed to support its large-scale clinical trials. The platform consists of a standards-based data harmonization and management layer, as well as a security component, a Big Data Analytics system, a Clinical Decision Support system, and a dashboard component to facilitate efficient data collection across pilot sites. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Artificial intelligence

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A Survey on Cyber-Security in Smart Grid

A Survey on Cyber-Security in Smart Grid

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2023 China Automation Congress, CAC 2023

作者： Liu, Yiheng Fu, Yao Wang, Tian Cao, Yaofu Yan, Junlu Snoussi, Hichem School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics China Academy of Sciences Chang Chun China Institute of Artificial Intelligence SKLSDE Beihang University Zhongguancun Laboratory Beijing China State Grid Information & Telecommunication Branch Beijing China University of Technology of Troye Laboratory of Computer Science and Digital Society Troyes France

ISBN: (纸本)9798350303759

The smart grid is perceived as a complex cyber-physical ecosystem consisting of a variety of infrastructures. The increasing intricacy and interconnectivity of smart grid elements have rendered security a vital consideration. A significant number of research papers have being conducted to mitigate the cyber-attacks. Nevertheless, the majority of existing security measures concentrates on addressing specific attacks or safeguarding individual components, lacking a comprehensive approach that integrates these solutions to protect the safety of the overall system. In this article, we outline relevant literatures. Initially, we delve into several significant cyber attacks to identify possible threats in the smart grid. Subsequently, we present suitable cyber security countermeasures. Lastly, we propose the research challenges, along with significant research gaps, in order to provide insights into potential future research directions. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Smart power grids

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