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A Decision Support Tool for Aggregation and Prioritisation of Energy Efficiency Investments in Buildings

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A Decision Support Tool for Aggregation and Prioritisation o...

International Conference on Information, Intelligence, systems and Applications (IISA)

作者： Ioanna Andreoulaki Daniela Stoian Aikaterini Papapostolou Andriana Stavrakaki Vangelis Marinakis Decision Support Systems Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens Athens Greece

ISBN: (数字)9798350368833

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368840

Reducing buildings' energy consumption through energy efficiency interventions has become a key priority to mitigate climate change. To this end, stakeholders involved in the implementation and financing of energy efficiency projects in the building sector could benefit from the development of specific methodologies and user-friendly tools that can assist them by supporting them in managing large datasets and by simplifying decision making processes. In this context, the aim of this paper is to propose a decision-making tool for triggering investments in energy efficiency. The tool's workflow consists of three layers: project selection (layer 1) - narrowing down the list of potential energy efficiency projects according to investor preferences, aggregation (layer 2) - leveraging an optimisation algorithm to create clusters of similar projects, and finally, prioritisation (layer 3) - applying the TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method to rank the clusters. The tool brings significant added value to stakeholders involved in financing energy efficiency interventions, offering standardisation and automation of procedures.

关键词： Potential energy Sensitivity analysis Navigation Buildings Energy efficiency MCDM Stakeholders Reliability Optimization Investment

BERTtime Stories: Investigating the Role of Synthetic Story Data in Language Pre-training

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Theodoropoulos, Nikitas Filandrianos, Giorgos Lyberatos, Vassilis Lymperaiou, Maria Stamou, Giorgos Artificial Intelligence and Learning Systems Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens Greece

We describe our contribution to the Strict and Strict-Small tracks of the 2nd iteration of the BabyLM Challenge. The shared task is centered around efficient pre-training given data constraints motivated by human development. In response, we study the effect of synthetic story data in language pre-training using TinyStories: a recently introduced dataset of short stories. Initially, we train GPT-Neo models on subsets of TinyStories, while varying the amount of available data. We find that, even with access to less than 100M words, the models are able to generate high-quality, original completions to a given story, and acquire substantial linguistic knowledge. To measure the effect of synthetic story data, we train LTG-BERT encoder models on a combined dataset of: a subset of TinyStories, story completions generated by GPT-Neo, and a subset of the BabyLM dataset. Our experimentation reveals that synthetic data can occasionally offer modest gains, but overall have a negative influence on linguistic understanding. Our work offers an initial study on synthesizing story data in low resource settings and underscores their potential for augmentation in data-constrained language modeling. We publicly release our models and implementation on our GitHub 1 © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Data assimilation

U-Sketch: An Efficient Approach for Sketch to Image Diffusion Models

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Mitsouras, Ilias Tsonis, Eleftherios Tzouveli, Paraskevi Voulodimos, Athanasios Artificial Intelligence and Learning Systems Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens Greece

Diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable performance in text-to-image synthesis, producing realistic and high resolution images that faithfully adhere to the corresponding text-prompts. Despite their great success, they still fall behind in sketch-to-image synthesis tasks, where in addition to text-prompts, the spatial layout of the generated images has to closely follow the outlines of certain reference sketches. Employing an MLP latent edge predictor to guide the spatial layout of the synthesized image by predicting edge maps at each denoising step has been recently proposed. Despite yielding promising results, the pixel-wise operation of the MLP does not take into account the spatial layout as a whole, and demands numerous denoising iterations to produce satisfactory images, leading to time inefficiency. To this end, we introduce U-Sketch, a framework featuring a U-Net type latent edge predictor, which is capable of efficiently capturing both local and global features, as well as spatial correlations between pixels. Moreover, we propose the addition of a sketch simplification network that offers the user the choice of preprocessing and simplifying input sketches for enhanced outputs. The experimental results, corroborated by user feedback, demonstrate that our proposed U-Net latent edge predictor leads to more realistic results, that are better aligned with the spatial outlines of the reference sketches, while drastically reducing the number of required denoising steps and, consequently, the overall execution time. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Pixels

Enhancing adversarial robustness in Natural Language Inference using explanations

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Koulakos, Alexandros Lymperaiou, Maria Filandrianos, Giorgos Stamou, Giorgos Artificial Intelligence and Learning Systems Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens Greece

The surge of state-of-the-art transformer-based models has undoubtedly pushed the limits of NLP model performance, excelling in a variety of tasks. We cast the spotlight on the underexplored task of Natural Language Inference (NLI), since models trained on popular well-suited datasets are susceptible to adversarial attacks, allowing subtle input interventions to mislead the model. In this work, we validate the usage of natural language explanation as a model-agnostic defence strategy through extensive experimentation: only by fine-tuning a classifier on the explanation rather than premise-hypothesis inputs, robustness under various adversarial attacks is achieved in comparison to explanation-free baselines. Moreover, since there is no standard strategy for testing the semantic validity of the generated explanations, we research the correlation of widely used language generation metrics with human perception, in order for them to serve as a proxy towards robust NLI models. Our approach is resource-efficient and reproducible without significant computational limitations. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

Beyond One-Size-Fits-All: Adapting Counterfactual Explanations to User Objectives

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Mastromichalakis, Orfeas Menis Liartis, Jason Stamou, Giorgos Artificial Intelligence and Learning Systems Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens Greece

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has emerged as a critical area of research aimed at enhancing the transparency and interpretability of AI systems. Counterfactual Explanations (CFEs) offer valuable insights into the decision-making processes of machine learning algorithms by exploring alternative scenarios where certain factors differ. Despite the growing popularity of CFEs in the XAI community, existing literature often overlooks the diverse needs and objectives of users across different applications and domains, leading to a lack of tailored explanations that adequately address the different use cases. In this paper, we advocate for a nuanced understanding of CFEs, recognizing the variability in desired properties based on user objectives and target applications. We identify three primary user objectives and explore the desired characteristics of CFEs in each case. By addressing these differences, we aim to design more effective and tailored explanations that meet the specific needs of users, thereby enhancing collaboration with AI systems. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Decision making

Multi-View Graph Embedding Learning for Image Co-Segmentation and Co-Localization

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IEEE Transactions on Circuits and systems for Video Technology 2024年第6期34卷 4942-4956页

作者： Huang, Aiping Li, Lijian Zhang, Le Niu, Yuzhen Zhao, Tiesong Lin, Chia-Wen Fuzhou University Fujian Key Laboratory for Intelligent Processing and Wireless Transmission of Media Information College of Physics and Information Engineering Fuzhou350108 China Fuzhou University Fujian Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou350108 China University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Information and Communication Engineering Chengdu611731 China Fuzhou University Fujian Key Laboratory for Intelligent Processing and Wireless Transmission of Media Information College of Physics and Information Engineering The Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information Fuzhou350108 China Institute of Communications Engineering National Tsing Hua University Department of Electrical Engineering Hsinchu30013 Taiwan

Image co-segmentation and co-localization exploit inter-image information to identify and extract foreground objects with a batch mode. However, they remain challenging when confronted with large object variations or complex backgrounds. This paper proposes a multi-view graph embedding (MV-Gem) learning scheme which integrates diversity, robustness and discernibility of object features to alleviate this phenomenon. To encourage the diversity, the deep co-information containing both low-layer general representations and high-layer semantic information is generated to form a multi-view feature pool for comprehensive co-object description. To enhance the robustness, a multi-view adaptive weighted learning is formulated to fuse the deep co-information for feature complementation. To ensure the discernibility, the graph embedding and sparse constraint are embedded into the fusion formulation for feature selection. The former aims to inherit important structures from multiple views, and the latter further selects important features to restrain irrelevant backgrounds. With these techniques, MV-Gem gradually recovers all co-objects through optimization iterations. Extensive experimental results on real-world datasets demonstrate that MV-Gem is capable of locating and delineating co-objects in an image group. © 1991-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Semantics

ARPA: A Novel Hybrid Model for Advancing Visual Word Disambiguation Using Large Language Models and Transformers

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Papastavrou, Aristi Lymperaiou, Maria Stamou, Giorgos Artificial Intelligence and Learning Systems Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens Greece

In the rapidly evolving fields of natural language processing and computer vision, Visual Word Sense Disambiguation (VWSD) stands as a critical, yet challenging task. The quest for models that can seamlessly integrate and interpret multimodal data is more pressing than ever. Imagine a system that can understand language with the depth and nuance of human cognition, while simultaneously interpreting the rich visual context of the world around it. We present ARPA, an architecture that fuses the unparalleled contextual understanding of large language models with the advanced feature extraction capabilities of transformers, which then pass through a custom Graph Neural Network (GNN) layer to learn intricate relationships and subtle nuances within the data. This innovative architecture not only sets a new benchmark in visual word disambiguation but also introduces a versatile framework poised to transform how linguistic and visual data interact by harnessing the synergistic strengths of its components, ensuring robust performance even in the most complex disambiguation scenarios. Through a series of experiments and comparative analysis, we reveal the substantial advantages of our model, underscoring its potential to redefine standards in the field. Beyond its architectural prowess, our architecture excels through experimental enrichments, including sophisticated data augmentation and multi-modal training techniques. ARPA’s introduction marks a significant milestone in visual word disambiguation, offering a compelling solution that bridges the gap between linguistic and visual modalities. We invite researchers and practitioners to explore the capabilities of our model, envisioning a future where such hybrid models drive unprecedented advancements in artificial intelligence. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Graph neural networks

ACDV: Adaptive Content Delivery for Vehicular Digital Twin Networks

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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2025年第5期74卷 7084-7098页

作者： Zheng, Jinkai Luan, Tom H. Li, Guanjie Yin, Zhisheng Wu, Yuan Dong, Mianxiong Dongguan University of Technology School of Electrical Engineering and Intelligentization Dongguan523808 China Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Cyber Science and Engineering Xi'an710049 China Xidian University School of Cyber Engineering Xi'an710071 China Singapore University of Technology and Design Information Systems Technology and Design Pillar 487372 Singapore Xidian University State Key Laboratory of Isn Xi'an710071 China University of Macau State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City 999078 China University of Macau Department of Computer Information Science 999078 China Muroran Institute of Technology Department of Sciences and Informatics Muroran05-08585 Japan

Digital Twins (DTs), serving personalized cloud-based digital assistants, hold great promise for supporting infotainment applications of the Internet of Vehicles (IoVs), in which personalized content such as high-definition maps, system updates, and social video streaming can be delivered from individualized DTs to vehicular users (VUEs) to enhance the intelligence of IoV services and improve their driving experience. This paper proposes a novel content caching framework tailored to DT-enabled IoVs, where DTs selectively cache on-demand contents on edge devices (i.e., cellular base stations and roadside units) managed by the edge service manager (ESM) along the VUE's trip to avoid backbone congestion yet save download time. However, ESMs are inherently selfish and reluctant to contribute resources to cache contents without benefits. Furthermore, considering the diverse trajectories of vehicles, it is inefficient to cache data along a single path. To address these challenges, we propose ACDV, which first models the interactions between the ESMs and DTs as a Stackelberg game to incentivize ESMs to actively participate in the content caching process. We then deploy a Markov model to predict the VUE distribution, which enables DTs to cache contents with a focus on predicted trajectories. To save storage costs, we derive an upper bound of content sizes that the VUE can download within a limited network connection time. Considering the lack of network information and users' private utility model in practical scenarios, we further develop a learning-based algorithm to find the optimal pricing scheme and content size strategies of ESMs and DTs. Through extensive simulations, we show that our proposal can effectively find the optimal strategy and achieve a fast convergence speed and high-level performance compared to the baselines. © 1967-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Markov processes

Puzzle Solving using Reasoning of Large Language Models: A Survey

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Giadikiaroglou, Panagiotis Lymperaiou, Maria Filandrianos, Giorgos Stamou, Giorgos Artificial Intelligence and Learning Systems Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens Greece

Exploring the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in puzzle solving unveils critical insights into their potential and challenges in AI, marking a significant step towards understanding their applicability in complex reasoning tasks. This survey leverages a unique taxonomy—dividing puzzles into rule-based and rule-less categories—to critically assess LLMs through various methodologies, including prompting techniques, neuro-symbolic approaches, and fine-tuning. Through a critical review of relevant datasets and benchmarks, we assess LLMs’ performance, identifying significant challenges in complex puzzle scenarios. Our findings highlight the disparity between LLM capabilities and human-like reasoning, particularly in those requiring advanced logical inference. The survey underscores the necessity for novel strategies and richer datasets to advance LLMs’ puzzle-solving proficiency and contribute to AI’s logical reasoning and creative problem-solving advancements. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Benchmarking