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Automatic Scene Generation: State-of-the-Art Techniques, Models, Datasets, Challenges, and Future Prospects

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 95753-95796页

作者： Awal Ahmed Fime Saifuddin Mahmud Arpita Das Md. Sunzidul Islam Jong-Hoon Kim School of Computing Southern Illinois University Carbondale IL USA Department of Computer Science and Information Systems Bradley University Peoria IL USA Department of Computer Science and Engineering The University of Texas at Arlington Arlington TX USA Department of Computer Science and Engineering Khulna University of Engineering and Technology Khulna Bangladesh Department of Computer Science Advanced Telerobotics Research Laboratory Kent State University Kent OH USA

Automatic scene generation is an essential area of research with applications in robotics, recreation, visual representation, training and simulation, education, and more. This survey provides a comprehensive review of the current state-of-the-arts in automatic scene generation, focusing on techniques that leverage machine learning, deep learning, embedded systems, and natural language processing (NLP). We categorize the models into four main types: Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), Transformers, and Diffusion Models. Each category is explored in detail, discussing various sub-models and their contributions to the field. We also review the most commonly used datasets, such as COCO-Stuff, Visual Genome, and MS-COCO, which are critical for training and evaluating these models. Methodologies for scene generation are examined, including image-to-3D conversion, text-to-3D generation, graph-based methods, and interactive scene generation. Evaluation metrics such as Fréchet Inception Distance (FID), Kullback-Leibler (KL) Divergence, Inception Score (IS), Intersection over Union (IoU), and Mean Average Precision (mAP) are discussed in the context of their use in assessing model performance. The survey identifies key challenges and limitations in the field, such as maintaining realism, handling complex scenes with multiple objects, and ensuring consistency in object relationships and spatial arrangements. By summarizing recent advances and pinpointing areas for improvement, this survey aims to provide a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners working on automatic scene generation.

关键词： Autoencoders Image reconstruction Transformers Training Three-dimensional displays Diffusion models Visualization Surveys Image synthesis Decoding

GaRField++: Reinforced Gaussian Radiance Fields for Large-Scale 3D Scene Reconstruction

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhang, Hanyue Yang, Zhiliu Zuo, Xinhe Tong, Yuxin Long, Ying Liu, Chen School of Information Science and Engineering Yunnan University Yunnan Kunming650500 China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Intelligent Systems and Computing Yunnan University Yunnan Kunming650500 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Clarkson University PotsdamNY13699 United States

This paper proposes a novel framework for large-scale scene reconstruction based on 3D Gaussian splatting (3DGS) and aims to address the scalability and accuracy challenges faced by existing methods. For tackling the scalability issue, we split the large scene into multiple cells, and the candidate point-cloud and camera views of each cell are correlated through a visibility-based camera selection and a progressive point-cloud extension. To reinforce the rendering quality, three highlighted improvements are made in comparison with vanilla 3DGS, which are a strategy of the ray-Gaussian intersection and the novel Gaussians density control for learning efficiency, an appearance decoupling module based on ConvKAN network to solve uneven lighting conditions in large-scale scenes, and a refined final loss with the color loss, the depth distortion loss, and the normal consistency loss. Finally, the seamless stitching procedure is executed to merge the individual Gaussian radiance field for novel view synthesis across different cells. Evaluation of Mill19, Urban3D, and MatrixCity datasets shows that our method consistently generates more high-fidelity rendering results than state-of-the-art methods of large-scale scene reconstruction. We further validate the generalizability of the proposed approach by rendering on self-collected video clips recorded by a commercial drone. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： 3D reconstruction

On Enforcing Better Conditioned Meta-Learning for Rapid Few-Shot Adaptation

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Hiller, Markus Harandi, Mehrtash Drummond, Tom School of Computing and Information Systems The University of Melbourne Australia Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering Monash University Australia

Inspired by the concept of preconditioning, we propose a novel method to increase adaptation speed for gradient-based meta-learning methods without incurring extra parameters. We demonstrate that recasting the optimisation problem to a non-linear least-squares formulation provides a principled way to actively enforce a well-conditioned parameter space for meta-learning models based on the concepts of the condition number and local curvature. Our comprehensive evaluations show that the proposed method significantly outperforms its unconstrained counterpart especially during initial adaptation steps, while achieving comparable or better overall results on several few-shot classification tasks - creating the possibility of dynamically choosing the number of adaptation steps at inference time. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Learning systems

Rethinking Generalization in Few-Shot Classification

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Hiller, Markus Ma, Rongkai Harandi, Mehrtash Drummond, Tom School of Computing and Information Systems The University of Melbourne Australia Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering Monash University Australia

Single image-level annotations only correctly describe an often small subset of an image's content, particularly when complex real-world scenes are depicted. While this might be acceptable in many classification scenarios, it poses a significant challenge for applications where the set of classes differs significantly between training and test time. In this paper, we take a closer look at the implications in the context of few-shot learning. Splitting the input samples into patches and encoding these via the help of Vision Transformers allows us to establish semantic correspondences between local regions across images and independent of their respective class. The most informative patch embeddings for the task at hand are then determined as a function of the support set via online optimization at inference time, additionally providing visual interpretability of 'what matters most' in the image. We build on recent advances in unsupervised training of networks via masked image modelling to overcome the lack of fine-grained labels and learn the more general statistical structure of the data while avoiding negative image-level annotation influence, aka supervision collapse. Experimental results show the competitiveness of our approach, achieving new state-of-the-art results on four popular few-shot classification benchmarks for 5-shot and 1-shot scenarios. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantics

Multitask learning for recognizing stress and depression in social media

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Ilias, Loukas Askounis, Dimitris Decision Support Systems Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens Zografou Athens15780 Greece

Stress and depression are prevalent nowadays across people of all ages due to the quick paces of life. People use social media to express their feelings. Thus, social media constitute a valuable form of information for the early recognition of stress and depression. Although many research works have been introduced targeting the early recognition of stress and depression, there are still limitations. There have been proposed multi-task learning settings, which use depression and emotion (or figurative language) as the primary and auxiliary tasks respectively. However, although stress is inextricably linked with depression, researchers face these two tasks as two separate tasks. To address these limitations, we present the first study, which exploits two different datasets collected under different conditions, and introduce two multitask learning frameworks, which use depression and stress as the main and auxiliary tasks respectively. Specifically, we use a depression dataset and a stressful dataset including stressful posts from ten subreddits of five domains. In terms of the first approach, each post passes through a shared BERT layer, which is updated by both tasks. Next, two separate BERT encoder layers are exploited, which are updated by each task separately. Regarding the second approach, it consists of shared and task-specific layers weighted by attention fusion networks. We conduct a series of experiments and compare our approaches with existing research initiatives, single-task learning, and transfer learning. Experiments show multiple advantages of our approaches over state-of-the-art ones. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Social networking (online)

Optimal Tracking Performance of Networked Control systems Under DoS and its Applications

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Optimal Tracking Performance of Networked Control Systems Un...

Chinese Automation Congress (CAC)

作者： Xinyu Ren Bo Li Feng Zhao Xiangyong Chen Xianhe Zhang Xiaowei Jiang Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation of Complex Systems Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Technology for Geo-Exploration Ministry of Education School of Automation China University of Geosciences Wuhan China School of Finance Anhui University of Finance and Economics Bengbu China Key Laboratory of Complex systems and Intelligent Computing Universities of Shandong Linyi University Linyi China Key Laboratory of Complex systems and Intelligent Computing School of Automation and Electrical Engineering Universities of Shandong Linyi University Linyi China School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Hubei Normal University Huangshi China

ISBN: (数字)9798350368604

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368611

This paper investigates the optimal tracking performance (OTP) of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) discrete networked control systems (NCSs) under the influence of Denial of Service (DoS) attack, channel noise, and bandwidth constraints. The channel noise is assumed to be additive Gaussian white noise (AWGN). Due to the randomness of DoS attack, a Bernoulli distribution is used for DoS modeling. Utilizing frequency domain analysis methods, coprime factorization, all-pass decomposition, and Youla parameterization, an explicit expression for the optimal tracking performance (OTP) of the system under the two-degree-of-freedom (TDOF) controller is derived. The analysis indicates that non-minimum phase (NMP) zeros, unstable poles (UPs), DoS attack, and network constraints affect the OTP of NCSs. Finally, the theoretical results are validated through simulations of MIMO NCS and vehicle control system.

关键词： Automation Networked control systems Frequency-domain analysis Bandwidth Interference White noise Cyber-physical systems Poles and zeros MIMO communication Multi-agent systems

Analysis of Air-Gap Field Modulation in Asymmetric Stator Tooth Bilateral-Excitation Flux Modulation Machine

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Analysis of Air-Gap Field Modulation in Asymmetric Stator To...

Magnetic Conference - Short Papers (INTERMAG Short Papers), IEEE International

作者： Fei Zhao Kuang Yang Ruixiang Liu Jincheng Yu S M Sajjad Hossain Rafin Qasim Ali School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen China Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Energy Systems Research Laboratory Florida International University USA Department of Electrical Engineering Sukkur IBA University Pakistan

ISBN: (数字)9798350362213

ISBN: (纸本)9798350362220

In view of the complexity of the flux density harmonic components of bilateral-excitation flux modulation (BFM) machines, it is not easy to analyze the role of air-gap flux density harmonics on the electromagnetic torque of BFM machines. In this digest, Taking the novel asymmetric stator tooth (AST) BFM machine as the research object, the flux modulation phenomena of the PM magneto motive-force (MMF) and armature winding MMF are analyzed in detail. Meanwhile, based on the air-gap field modulation theory and Maxwell stress tensor equation, the contribution of air-gap flux density harmonics to the electromagnetic torque of the BFM machine is obtained.

关键词： Magnetic flux Torque Tensors Magnetomechanical effects Air gaps Windings Modulation

Skeleton-based Action Recognition Using Two-stream Graph Convolutional Network with Pose Refinement 41

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Skeleton-based Action Recognition Using Two-stream Graph Con...

第41届中国控制会议

作者： Biao Zheng Luefeng Chen Min Wu Witold Pedrycz Kaoru Hirota School of Automation China University of Geosciences Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Technology for Geo-Exploration Ministry of Education Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta Tokyo Institute of Technology

ISBN: (数字)9789887581536

ISBN: (纸本)9781665482561

With the development of science and technology,graph convolutional network has made great progress in improving the accuracy of action ***,there still exists some deficiencies in current ***,the human skeleton point coordinates entering into the network are barely refined,which may cause large ***,the second-order information(the length and direction of bones),which can reflect action characteristics discriminatively,is rarely *** solve the above issues,a two stream graph convolutional network with pose refinement for skeleton based action recognition is ***,we use an adaptive block to to help improve the *** test our method on Kinetics dataset and the experiment show it can get better results than some recent methods,which plays a positive role in future research.

关键词： Graph convolutional network Pose refinement Skeleton based action recognition Adaptive block

A Novel Explainable CNN Model for Screening COVID-19 on X-ray Images

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computer systems Science & engineering 2023年第8期46卷 1789-1809页

作者： Hicham Moujahid Bouchaib Cherradi Oussama El Gannour Wamda Nagmeldin Abdelzahir Abdelmaboud Mohammed Al-Sarem Lhoussain Bahatti Faisal Saeed Mohammed Hadwan EEIS Laboratory ENSET of MohammediaHassan II University of CasablancaMohammedia28820Morocco STIE Team CRMEF Casablanca-SettatThe Provincial Section of El JadidaEl Jadida24000Morocco Department of Information Systems College of Computer Engineering and SciencesPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-Kharj11942Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems King Khalid UniversityMuhayel Aseer61913Saudi Arabia College of Computer Science and Engineering Taibah UniversityMedina42353Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science University of Sheba RegionMarib14400Yemen DAAI Research Group Department of Computing and Data ScienceSchool of Computing and Digital TechnologyBirmingham City UniversityBirminghamB47XGUK Department of Information Technology College of ComputerQassim UniversityBuraydah 51452Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Applied SciencesTaiz UniversityTaiz6803Yemen

Due to the rapid propagation characteristic of the Coronavirus(COVID-19)disease,manual diagnostic methods cannot handle the large number of infected individuals to prevent the spread of ***,new automated diagnostic methods have been brought on board,particularly methods based on artificial intelligence using different medical data such as X-ray *** imaging,for example,produces several image types that can be processed and analyzed by machine and deep learning methods.X-ray imaging materials widely exist in most hospitals and health institutes since they are affordable compared to other imaging *** this paper,we propose a novel Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)model(COV2Net)that can detect COVID-19 virus by analyzing the X-ray images of suspected *** model is trained on a dataset containing thousands of X-ray images collected from different *** model was tested and evaluated on an independent *** order to approve the performance of the proposed model,three CNN models namely Mobile-Net,Residential Energy Services Network(Res-Net),and Visual Geometry Group 16(VGG-16)have been implemented using transfer learning *** experiment consists of a multi-label classification task based on X-ray images for normal patients,patients infected by COVID-19 virus and other patients infected with *** proposed model is empowered with Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping(Grad-CAM)and Grad-Cam++techniques for a visual explanation and methodology debugging *** finding results show that the proposed model COV2Net outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.

关键词： Artificial intelligence intelligent diagnostic systems decisionmaking COVID-19 convolutional neural network