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Author Correction: Why rankings of biomedical image analysis competitions should be interpreted with care

Nature communications 2019年第1期10卷 588页

作者： Lena Maier-Hein Matthias Eisenmann Annika Reinke Sinan Onogur Marko Stankovic Patrick Scholz Tal Arbel Hrvoje Bogunovic Andrew P Bradley Aaron Carass Carolin Feldmann Alejandro F Frangi Peter M Full Bram van Ginneken Allan Hanbury Katrin Honauer Michal Kozubek Bennett A Landman Keno März Oskar Maier Klaus Maier-Hein Bjoern H Menze Henning Müller Peter F Neher Wiro Niessen Nasir Rajpoot Gregory C Sharp Korsuk Sirinukunwattana Stefanie Speidel Christian Stock Danail Stoyanov Abdel Aziz Taha Fons van der Sommen Ching-Wei Wang Marc-André Weber Guoyan Zheng Pierre Jannin Annette Kopp-Schneider Division of Computer Assisted Medical Interventions (CAMI) German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) 69120 Heidelberg Germany. l.maier-hein@dkfz.de. Division of Computer Assisted Medical Interventions (CAMI) German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) 69120 Heidelberg Germany. Centre for Intelligent Machines McGill University Montreal QC H3A0G4 Canada. Christian Doppler Laboratory for Ophthalmic Image Analysis Department of Ophthalmology Medical University Vienna 1090 Vienna Austria. Science and Engineering Faculty Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Computer Science Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA. CISTIB - Center for Computational Imaging & Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine The University of Leeds Leeds Yorkshire LS2 9JT UK. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Medical Image Analysis Radboud University Center 6525 GA Nijmegen The Netherlands. Institute of Information Systems Engineering TU Wien 1040 Vienna Austria. Complexity Science Hub Vienna 1080 Vienna Austria. Heidelberg Collaboratory for Image Processing (HCI Heidelberg University 69120 Heidelberg Germany. Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis Masaryk University 60200 Brno Czech Republic. Electrical Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235-1679 USA. Institute of Medical Informatics Universität zu Lübeck 23562 Lübeck Germany. Division of Medical Image Computing (MIC) German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) 69120 Heidelberg Germany. Institute for Advanced Studies Department of Informatics Technical University of Munich 80333 Munich Germany. Information System Institute HES-SO Sierre 3960 Switzerland. Departments of Radiology Nuclear Medicine and Medical Informatics Erasmus MC 3015 GD Rotterdam The Netherlands. Department of Computer Science University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK. Department of Radiation Oncology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA

In the original version of this Article the values in the rightmost column of Table 1 were inadvertently shifted relative to the other columns. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

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Challenging local realism with human choices

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2018年

作者： Abellán, C. Acín, A. Alarcón, A. Alibart, O. Andersen, C.K. Andreoli, F. Beckert, A. Beduini, F.A. Bendersky, A. Bentivegna, M. Bierhorst, P. Burchardt, D. Cabello, A. Cariñe, J. Carrasco, S. Carvacho, G. Cavalcanti, D. Chaves, R. Cortés-Vega, J. Cuevas, A. Delgado, A. de Riedmatten, H. Eichler, C. Farrera, P. Fuenzalida, J. García-Matos, M. Garthoff, R. Gasparinetti, S. Gerrits, T. GhafariJouneghani, F. Glancy, S. Gómez, E.S. González, P. Guan, J.-Y. Handsteiner, J. Heinsoo, J. Heinze, G. Hirschmann, A. Jiménez, O. Kaiser, F. Knill, E. Knoll, L.T. Krinner, S. Kurpiers, P. Larotonda, M.A. Larsson, J.-Å. Lenhard, A. Li, H. Li, M.-H. Lima, G. Liu, B. Liu, Y. López Grande, I.H. Lunghi, T. Ma, X. Magaña-Loaiza, O.S. Magnard, P. Magnoni, A. Martí-Prieto, M. Martínez, D. Mataloni, P. Mattar, A. Mazzera, M. Mirin, R.P. Mitchell, M.W. Nam, S. Oppliger, M. Pan, J.-W. Patel, R.B. Pryde, G.J. Rauch, D. Redeker, K. Rieländer, D. Ringbauer, M. Roberson, T. Rosenfeld, W. Salathé, Y. Santodonato, L. Sauder, G. Scheidl, T. Schmiegelow, C.T. Sciarrino, F. Seri, A. Shalm, L.K. Shi, S.-C. Slussarenko, S. Stevens, M.J. Tanzilli, S. Toledo, F. Tura, J. Ursin, R. Vergyris, P. Verma, V.B. Walter, T. Wallraff, A. Wang, Z. Weinfurter, H. Weston, M.M. White, A.G. Wu, C. Xavier, G.B. You, L. Yuan, X. Zeilinger, A. Zhang, Q. Zhang, W. Zhong, J. 08860 Spain ICREA Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats Barcelona08010 Spain Center for Optics and Photonics MSI-Nucleus for Advanced Optics Universidad de Concepción Casilla 4016 Concepción Chile Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica Universidad de Concepción 160-C Concepción Chile Parc Valrose Nice Cedex 206108 France Quantum Device Lab Department of Physics ETH Zurich ZurichCH-8093 Switzerland Dipartimento di Fisica Sapienza Università di Roma RomaI-00185 Italy Departamento de Computación FCEyN UBA and ICC CONICET Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón 1 Buenos Aires1428 Argentina National Institute of Standards and Technology 325 Broadway BoulderCO80305 United States Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München80799 Germany Departamento de Física Aplicada II Universidad de Sevilla Sevilla41012 Spain Departamento de Física Universidad de Concepción 160-C Concepción Chile International Institute of Physics Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal59070-405 Brazil Austrian Academy of Sciences Boltzmanngasse 3 Vienna1090 Austria Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology Griffith University BrisbaneQLD4111 Australia Centre for Quantum Dynamics Griffith University BrisbaneQLD4111 Australia Shanghai Branch National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale Dept. of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China Shanghai230026 China DEILAP CITEDEF & CONICET J.B. de La Salle 4397 1603 Villa Martelli Buenos Aires Argentina Departamento de Física FCEyN UBA and IFIBA Ciudad Universitaria Conicet Pabellón 1 Buenos Aires1428 Argentina Department of Electrical Engineering Linköping University Linköping581 83 Sweden State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200050 China CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics Shanghai200050 China School of Computer NUDT

A Bell test is a randomized trial that compares experimental observations against the philosophical worldview of local realism1, in which the properties of the physical world are independent of our observation of them and no signal travels faster than light. A Bell test requires spatially distributed entanglement, fast and high-efficiency detection and unpredictable measurement settings2,3. Although technology can satisfy the first two of these requirements4–7, the use of physical devices to choose settings in a Bell test involves making assumptions about the physics that one aims to test. Bell himself noted this weakness in using physical setting choices and argued that human ‘free will’ could be used rigorously to ensure unpredictability in Bell tests8. Here we report a set of local-realism tests using human choices, which avoids assumptions about predictability in physics. We recruited about 100,000 human participants to play an online video game that incentivizes fast, sustained input of unpredictable selections and illustrates Bell-test methodology9. The participants generated 97,347,490 binary choices, which were directed via a scalable web platform to 12 laboratories on five continents, where 13 experiments tested local realism using photons5,6, single atoms7, atomic ensembles10, and superconducting devices11. Over a 12-hour period on 30 November 2016, participants worldwide provided a sustained data flow of over 1,000 bits per second to the experiments, which used different human-generated data to choose each measurement setting. The observed correlations strongly contradict local realism and other realistic positions in bipartite and tripartite12 scenarios. Project outcomes include closing the ‘freedom-of-choice loophole’ (the possibility that the setting choices are influenced by ‘hidden variables’ to correlate with the particle properties13), the utilization of video-game methods14 for rapid collection of human generated randomness, and the use of network

关键词： Testing

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Search for heavy resonances decaying to a Z boson and a photon in pp collisions at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

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Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics 2017年 764卷 11-30页

作者： Aaboud, M. Aad, G. Abbott, B. Abdallah, J. Abdinov, O. Abeloos, B. Aben, R. AbouZeid, O.S. Abraham, N.L. Abramowicz, H. Abreu, H. Abreu, R. Abulaiti, Y. Acharya, B.S. Adachi, S. Adamczyk, L. Adams, D.L. Adelman, J. Adomeit, S. Adye, T. Affolder, A.A. Agatonovic-Jovin, T. Agricola, J. Aguilar-Saavedra, J.A. Ahlen, S.P. Ahmadov, F. Aielli, G. Akerstedt, H. Åkesson, T.P.A. Akimov, A.V. Alberghi, G.L. Albert, J. Albrand, S. Alconada Verzini, M.J. Aleksa, M. Aleksandrov, I.N. Alexa, C. Alexander, G. Alexopoulos, T. Alhroob, M. Ali, B. Aliev, M. Alimonti, G. Alison, J. Alkire, S.P. Allbrooke, B.M.M. Allen, B.W. Allport, P.P. Aloisio, A. Alonso, A. Alonso, F. Alpigiani, C. Alshehri, A.A. Alstaty, M. Alvarez Gonzalez, B. Álvarez Piqueras, D. Alviggi, M.G. Amadio, B.T. Amako, K. Amaral Coutinho, Y. Amelung, C. Amidei, D. Amor Dos Santos, S.P. Amorim, A. Amoroso, S. Amundsen, G. Anastopoulos, C. Ancu, L.S. Andari, N. Andeen, T. Anders, C.F. Anders, G. Anders, J.K. Anderson, K.J. Andreazza, A. Andrei, V. Angelidakis, S. Angelozzi, I. Anger, P. Angerami, A. Anghinolfi, F. Anisenkov, A.V. Anjos, N. Annovi, A. Antel, C. Antonelli, M. Antonov, A. Anulli, F. Aoki, M. Aperio Bella, L. Arabidze, G. Arai, Y. Araque, J.P. Arce, A.T.H. Arduh, F.A. Arguin, J-F. Argyropoulos, S. Arik, M. Armbruster, A.J. Armitage, L.J. Arnaez, O. Arnold, H. Arratia, M. Arslan, O. Artamonov, A. Artoni, G. Artz, S. Asai, S. Asbah, N. Ashkenazi, A. Åsman, B. Asquith, L. Assamagan, K. Astalos, R. Atkinson, M. Atlay, N.B. Augsten, K. Avolio, G. Axen, B. Ayoub, M.K. Azuelos, G. Baak, M.A. Baas, A.E. Baca, M.J. Bachacou, H. Bachas, K. Backes, M. Backhaus, M. Bagiacchi, P. Bagnaia, P. Bai, Y. Baines, J.T. Baker, O.K. Baldin, E.M. Balek, P. Balestri, T. Balli, F. Balunas, W.K. Banas, E. Banerjee, Sw. Bannoura, A.A.E. Barak, L. Barberio, E.L. Barberis, D. Barbero, M. Barillari, T. Barisits, M-S Barklow, T. Barlow, N. Barnes, S.L. Barnett, B.M. Barnett, R.M. Barnovska-Blenessy, Z. Baroncelli, A. Barone, G. Barr, A.J. Barranco Navarro, L. Barreiro, F. Barreiro Gui Department of Physics University of Adelaide Adelaide Australia Physics Department SUNY Albany Albany NY United States Department of Physics University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada Department of Physics Ankara University Ankara Turkey Istanbul Aydin University Istanbul Turkey Division of Physics TOBB University of Economics and Technology Ankara Turkey LAPP CNRS/IN2P3 Université Savoie Mont Blanc Annecy-le-Vieux France High Energy Physics Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne IL United States Department of Physics University of Arizona Tucson AZ United States Department of Physics The University of Texas at Arlington Arlington TX United States Physics Department University of Athens Athens Greece Physics Department National Technical University of Athens Zografou Greece Department of Physics The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX United States Institute of Physics Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences Baku Azerbaijan Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain Institute of Physics University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia Department for Physics and Technology University of Bergen Bergen Norway Physics Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory University of California Berkeley CA United States Department of Physics Humboldt University Berlin Germany Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics Laboratory for High Energy Physics University of Bern Bern Switzerland School of Physics and Astronomy University of Birmingham Birmingham United Kingdom Department of Physics Bogazici University Istanbul Turkey Department of Physics Engineering Gaziantep University Gaziantep Turkey Istanbul Bilgi University Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Istanbul Turkey Bahcesehir University Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Istanbul Turkey Centro de Investigaciones Universidad Antonio Narino Bogota Colombia INFN Sezione di Bologna Italy Dipartimento di Fis

This Letter presents a search for new resonances with mass larger than 250 GeV, decaying to a Z boson and a photon. The dataset consists of an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb−1 of pp collisions collected at s=13 TeV w... 详细信息

This Letter presents a search for new resonances with mass larger than 250 GeV, decaying to a Z boson and a photon. The dataset consists of an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb⁻¹ of pp collisions collected at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The Z bosons are identified through their decays either to charged, light, lepton pairs (e⁺e⁻, μ⁺μ⁻) or to hadrons. The data are found to be consistent with the expected background in the whole mass range investigated and upper limits are set on the production cross section times decay branching ratio to Zγ of a narrow scalar boson with mass between 250 GeV and 2.75 TeV. © 2016 The Author(s)

关键词： Z bosons CROSS sections (Nuclear physics) PHOTON-photon interactions LARGE Hadron Collider (France & Switzerland) DILEPTON production NUCLEAR counters

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PennyLane: Automatic differentiation of hybrid quantum-classical computations

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2018年

作者： Bergholm, Ville Izaac, Josh Schuld, Maria Gogolin, Christian Ahmed, Shahnawaz Ajith, Vishnu Alam, M. Sohaib Alonso-Linaje, Guillermo AkashNarayanan, B. Asadi, Ali Arrazola, Juan Miguel Azad, Utkarsh Banning, Sam Blank, Carsten Bromley, Thomas R. Cordier, Benjamin A. Ceroni, Jack Delgado, Alain Matteo, Olivia Di Dusko, Amintor Garg, Tanya Guala, Diego Hayes, Anthony Hill, Ryan Ijaz, Aroosa Isacsson, Theodor Ittah, David Jahangiri, Soran Jain, Prateek Jiang, Edward Khandelwal, Ankit Kottmann, Korbinian Lang, Robert A. Lee, Christina Loke, Thomas Lowe, Angus McKiernan, Keri Meyer, Johannes Jakob Montañez-Barrera, J.A. Moyard, Romain Niu, Zeyue O’Riordan, Lee James Oud, Steven Panigrahi, Ashish Park, Chae-Yeun Polatajko, Daniel Quesada, Nicolás Roberts, Chase Sá, Nahum Schoch, Isidor Shi, Borun Shu, Shuli Sim, Sukin Singh, Arshpreet Strandberg, Ingrid Soni, Jay Száva, Antal Thabet, Slimane Vargas-Hernández, Rodrigo A. Vincent, Trevor Vitucci, Nicola Weber, Maurice Wierichs, David Wiersema, Roeland Willmann, Moritz Wong, Vincent Zhang, Shaoming Killoran, Nathan Xanadu 777 Bay Street Toronto Canada Wallenberg Centre for Quantum Technology Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg412 96 Sweden Indian Institute of Information Technology Kottayam India NASA Ames Research Center Moffett FieldCA94035 United States Mountain ViewCA94043 United States data cybernetics Martin-Kolmsperger-Str 26 Landsberg86899 Germany Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology Oregon Health and Science University PortlandOR97202 United States Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of British Columbia VancouverBCV6T 1Z4 Canada Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Uttarakhand Roorkee India qBraid 5235 South Harper Court ChicagoIL60615 United States Factal Analytics Level 2 Chimes Building Plot 61 Sector - 44 Haryana Gurgaon122003 India Centre for High Energy Physics Indian Institute of Science Karnataka Bengaluru560012 India ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss 3 Castelldefels Barcelona08860 Spain Chemical Physics Theory Group Department of Chemistry University of Toronto Canada DUG Technology 76 Kings Park Rd West PerthWA6005 Australia Rigetti Computing 2919 Seventh Street BerkeleyCA94710 United States Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems Freie Universität Berlin Berlin14195 Germany Institute for Advanced Simulation Jülich Supercomputing Centre Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich52425 Germany University of Amsterdam Netherlands School of Physical Sciences National Institute of Science Education and Research HBNI Odisha Jatni752 050 India Cervest United Kingdom Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud 150 Rio de Janeiro22290-180 Brazil Zurich8092 Switzerland Neo4j UK Ltd United Kingdom Zapata Computing Inc. United States ITC Infotech Bangalore India Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscienc

PennyLane is a Python 3 software framework for differentiable programming of quantum computers. The library provides a unified architecture for near-term quantum computing devices, supporting both qubit and continuous-variable paradigms. PennyLane’s core feature is the ability to compute gradients of variational quantum circuits in a way that is compatible with classical techniques such as backpropagation. PennyLane thus extends the automatic differentiation algorithms common in optimization and machine learning to include quantum and hybrid computations. A plugin system makes the framework compatible with any gate-based quantum simulator or hardware. We provide plugins for hardware providers including the Xanadu Cloud, Amazon Braket, and IBM Quantum, allowing PennyLane optimizations to be run on publicly accessible quantum devices. On the classical front, PennyLane interfaces with accelerated machine learning libraries such as TensorFlow, PyTorch, JAX, and Autograd. PennyLane can be used for the optimization of variational quantum eigensolvers, quantum approximate optimization, quantum machine learning models, and many other applications. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Machine learning

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The overlapping burden of the three leading causes of disability and death in sub-Saharan African children

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Nature Communications 2022年第1期13卷 1-14页

作者： Reiner, Robert C. Welgan, Catherine A. Troeger, Christopher E. Baumann, Mathew M. Weiss, Daniel J. Deshpande, Aniruddha Blacker, Brigette F. Miller-Petrie, Molly K. Earl, Lucas Bhatt, Samir Abolhassani, Hassan Abosetugn, Akine Eshete Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Adekanmbi, Victor Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. Aghaali, Mohammad Aji, Budi Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Saqib Alizade, Hesam Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almasi-Hashiani, Amir Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M. Altirkawi, Khalid A. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amare, Azmeraw T. Amini, Saeed Amugsi, Dickson A. Ancuceanu, Robert Andrei, Catalina Liliana Ansari, Fereshteh Anvari, Davood Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Atout, Maha Moh’d Wahbi Ausloos, Marcel Ausloos, Floriane Ayanore, Martin Amogre Aynalem, Yared Asmare Azene, Zelalem Nigussie Badawi, Alaa Baig, Atif Amin Banach, Maciej Bedi, Neeraj Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhandari, Dinesh Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Bijani, Ali Birhanu, Tesega Tesega Mengistu Bitew, Zebenay Workneh Boloor, Archith Brady, Oliver J. Butt, Zahid A. Car, Josip Carvalho, Felix Casey, Daniel C. Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chu, Dinh-Toi Coelho, Camila H. Cook, Aubrey J. Damiani, Giovanni Daoud, Farah Gela, Jiregna Darega Darwish, Amira Hamed Daryani, Ahmad Das, Jai K. Davis Weaver, Nicole Deribe, Kebede Desalew, Assefa Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Dianatinasab, Mostafa Diaz, Daniel Djalalinia, Shirin Dorostkar, Fariba Dubljanin, Eleonora Duko, Bereket Dwyer-Lindgren, Laura Effiong, Andem El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa El Tantawi, Maha Enany, Shymaa Fattahi, Nazir Feigin, Valery L. Fernandes, Eduarda Ferrara, Pietro Fischer, Florian Foigt, Nataliya A. Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin Foroutan, Masoud Frostad, Joseph Jon Fukumoto, Takeshi Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji Gebrekrstos, Hailemikael Gebrekidan G. K. Gebremeskel, Leake Gebreslassie, Assefa Ayalew Gething, Peter W. Gezae, Kebede Embaye Ghadiri, Keyghobad Ghashghaee, Ahmad Golechha, Mahaveer Gubar Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Malaria Atlas Project University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Public Health Debre Berhan University Debre Berhan Ethiopia Department of Clinical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Population Health Sciences King’s College London London United Kingdom Centre of Excellence for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa Department of Global Health Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Qom University of Medical Sciences Qom Iran Faculty of Medicine and Public Health Jenderal Soedirman University Purwokerto Indonesia Mayo Evidence-based Practice Center Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research Rochester MN United States John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO United States Clinical Epidemiology Center Department of Veterans Affairs St Louis MO United States Institute of Health Research University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Department of Information Systems College of Economics and Political Science Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Bandar Abbas Iran Department of Health Policy and Management Kuwait University Safat Kuwait International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding National University of Malaysia Bandar Tun Razak Malaysia Department of Epidemiology Arak University of Medical Sciences Arak Iran Medical Research Center

Despite substantial declines since 2000, lower respiratory infections (LRIs), diarrhoeal diseases, and malaria remain among the leading causes of nonfatal and fatal disease burden for children under 5 years of age (under 5), primarily in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The spatial burden of each of these diseases has been estimated subnationally across SSA, yet no prior analyses have examined the pattern of their combined burden. Here we synthesise subnational estimates of the burden of LRIs, diarrhoea, and malaria in children under-5 from 2000 to 2017 for 43 sub-Saharan countries. Some units faced a relatively equal burden from each of the three diseases, while others had one or two dominant sources of unit-level burden, with no consistent pattern geographically across the entire subcontinent. Using a subnational counterfactual analysis, we show that nearly 300 million DALYs could have been averted since 2000 by raising all units to their national average. Our findings are directly relevant for decision-makers in determining which and targeting where the most appropriate interventions are for increasing child survival. © 2022, The Author(s).

关键词： Biogeography Epidemiology Infectious diseases Malaria

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26th Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting (CNS*2017): Part 1

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BMC Neurosci 2017年第SUPPL 1期18卷 58-58页

作者： Sue Denham Panayiota Poirazi Erik De Schutter Karl Friston Ho Ka Chan Thomas Nowotny Dongqi Han Sungho Hong Sophie Rosay Tanja Wernle Alessandro Treves Sarah Goethals Romain Brette Tomas Van Pottelbergh Rodolphe Sepulchre Alex D. Bird Hermann Cuntz Pedro J. Gonçalves Jan-Matthis Lueckmann Giacomo Bassetto Marcel Nonnenmacher Jakob H. Macke Audrey J. Sederberg Jason N. MacLean Stephanie E. Palmer Ulisse Ferrari Christophe Gardella Olivier Marre Thierry Mora Emina Ibrahimovic Martin Müller Jean-Pascal Pfister Tushar Chauhan Timothée Masquelier Alexandre Montlibert Benoit R. Cottereau Moritz Helias Jannis Schuecker David Dahmen Sven Goedeke Alexandre Hyafil Ainhoa Hermoso-Mendizabal Pavel E. Rueda-Orozco Santiago Jaramillo David Robbe Jaime de la Rocha Marie Rooy Fani Koukouli David DiGregorio Uwe Maskos Boris Gutkin Andrey Yu Verisokin Darya V. Verveyko Dmitry E. Postnov Willy Wong Omid Talakoub Robert Chen Milos Popovic Dmitriy Lisitsyn Eric Drebitz Iris Grothe Sunita Mandon Andreas Kreiter Udo Ernst Peter A. Robinson Xuelong Zhao Kevin M. Aquino John D. Griffiths Grishma Mehta-Pandejee Natasha Gabay James MacLaurin Somwrita Sarkar Tim Kunze Jens Haueisen Thomas R. Knösche Subutai Ahmad Yuwei Cui Marcus Lewis Jeff Hawkins Simona Olmi Spase Petkoski Fabrice Bartolomei Maxime Guye Viktor Jirsa Hazem Toutounji Daniel Durstewitz Matteo Cantarelli Adrian Quintana Boris Marin Matt Earnshaw Padraig Gleeson Robert Court Robert McDougal R. Angus Silver Salvador Dura-Bernal Stephen Larson William W. Lytton Giovanni Idili Lorenzo Posani Simona Cocco Karel Ježek Rémi Monasson School of Psychology Faculty of Health & Human Sciences Plymouth University Plymouth Devon PL4 8AA UK Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB) Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH) Heraklion Crete Greece Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Okinawa Japan Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging Institute of Neurology UCL London WC1N 3BG UK School of Engineering and Informatics University of Sussex Brighton BN1 9QJ UK Graduate School Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Okinawa 904-0495 Japan Computational Neuroscience Unit Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Okinawa 904-0495 Japan Cognitive Neuroscience Area Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati Trieste 34136 Italy Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience NTNU Trondheim 7030 Norway Institut de la Vision Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06 INSERM CNRS Paris 75012 France Department of Engineering University of Cambridge Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB2 1PZ UK Ernst Strüngmann Institute for Neuroscience Max Planck Society Frankfurt Germany Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies Frankfurt Germany Neural Systems Analysis Research Center Caesar An Associate of the Max Planck Society Bonn Germany Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tübingen Germany Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Tübingen Germany Present Address: Biomedical Engineering Department Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30306 USA Department of Neurobiology University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA Committee on Computational Neuroscience University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA Institut de la Vision Sorbonne Universités INSERM Paris France Laboratoire de Physique Statistique Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris France Institute of Molecular Life Sciences University of Zürich 8057 Zürich Switzerland Institute of Neuroinformatics Univer

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Assessing the Potential of GPT-4 to Annotate Medical Notes Across Different Languages and Countries: A Model Evaluation Study

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Saad Menezes, Maria Clara Hoffman, Alexander F. Tan, Amelia L.M. Nalbandyan, Mariné Omenn, Gilbert S. Mazzotti, Diego R. Hernández-Arango, Alejandro Visweswaran, Shyam Venkatesh, Shruthi Mandl, Kenneth D. Bourgeois, Florence T. Lee, James W.K. Makmur, Andrew Hanauer, David A. Semanik, Michael G. Kerivan, Lauren T. Hill, Terra Forero, Julian Restrepo Castro, Carlos Andrés C.R. Vigna, Matteo Ceriana, Piero Abu-El-rub, Noor Avillach, Paul Bellazzi, Riccardo Callaci, Thomas Gutiérrez-Sacristán, Alba Malovini, Alberto Mathew, Jomol P. Morris, Michele Murthy, Venkatesh Parimbelli, Enea Patel, Lav P. Sáez, Carlos Samayamuthu, Malarkodi Jebathilagam Thompson, Jeffrey A. Tibollo, Valentina Xia, Zongqi Kohane, Isaac S. Harvard Medical School Department of Biomedical Informatics 10 Shattuck Street BostonMA02115 United States School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin-Madison Office of Informatics and Information Technology 750 Highland Ave MadisonWI53705 United States University of Michigan Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics Internal Medicine Human Genetics Environmental Health 100 Washtenaw Avenue Ann ArborMI48109 United States University of Kansas Medical Center Division of Medical Informatics Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Department of Internal Medicine 3901 Rainbow Blvd Kansas CityKS66160 United States University of Antioquia Hospital Alma Máter de Antioquia Department of Internal Medicine Calle 64 N°51 D - 154 Medellín Colombia University of Pittsburgh Department of Biomedical Informatics 5607 Baum Blvd PittsburghPA15206 United States University of Pittsburgh Department of Neurology 3501 5th Avenue PittsburghPA15206 United States Boston Children's Hospital Computational Health Informatics Program 300 Longwood Avenue BostonMA02115 United States Boston Children's Hospital Department of Pediatrics 300 Longwood Avenue BostonMA02115 United States National University Health System Department of Surgery 1E Kent Ridge Rd Singapore119228 Singapore National University Health System Department of Diagnostic Imaging 1E Kent Ridge Rd Singapore119228 Singapore University of Michigan Department of Learning Health Sciences NCRC 100 2800 Plymouth Road Ann ArborMI48109 United States University of Kansas Medical Center Department of Surgery 3901 Rainbow Blvd Kansas CityKS66160 United States Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS Respiratory rehabilitation unit Via Maugeri 10 Pavia27100 Italy University of Kansas Medical Center 3901 Rainbow Blvd Kansas CityKS66160 United States University of Pavia Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering via Ferrata 5 Pavia2710

Background: Physicians invest hours creating patient notes, which are rich in information but difficult for computers to analyze due to their unstructured format. GPT-4 reshaped our ability to process text, yet it is unknown how well this model can handle medical notes. This project aims to compare GPT-4’s ability to annotate medical notes against experienced physicians across three different languages at multiple institutions and countries. Methods: This study included eight sites from four countries - the United States, Colombia, Singapore, and Italy. Each site contributed seven de-identified notes (admission, progress, or consult) from hospitalized patients. GPT-4 assessed each note by answering 14 questions, including demographic information, clinical judgments, data quality, and patients’ eligibility for a hypothetical study enrollment. For validation, two physicians from each site independently evaluated GPT-4's responses. Findings: Overall, 56 medical notes, written in English, Italian, and Spanish, were analyzed. A total of 784 responses from GPT-4 were generated. Both physicians agreed with GPT-4’s response 79% of the time (622/784, 95%CI 76-82%). Only one of the two physicians agreed with GPT-4’s response 10% of the time (82/784, 95%CI 8-13%). Neither physician agreed with GPT-4’s response 10% of the time (80/784, 95%CI 8-13%). Both physicians agreed with GPT-4 more often in notes written in Spanish and Italian than in English, with agreement rates of 88% (86/98, 95%CI 79-93%), 84% (82/98, 95%CI 75-90%), and 77% (454/588, 95%CI 74-80%), respectively. Hallucinations were rare (10/784, 95%CI 0-2%). GPT-4 correctly selected patients for a hypothetical study enrollment based on three criteria 90% of the time (95%CI 81-98%). Interpretation: The findings indicate that GPT-4 annotations demonstrated a high agreement rate with physicians across all languages. We also demonstrate GPT-4's potential to assist in patient selection for studies. Funding: None. Declarati

关键词： Medical computing

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Erratum: Towards a muon collider

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The European Physical Journal C 2024年第1期84卷 1-4页

作者： Accettura, Carlotta Adams, Dean Agarwal, Rohit Ahdida, Claudia Aimè, Chiara Amapane, Nicola Amorim, David Andreetto, Paolo Anulli, Fabio Appleby, Robert Apresyan, Artur Apyan, Aram Arsenyev, Sergey Asadi, Pouya Mahmoud, Mohammed Attia Azatov, Aleksandr Back, John Balconi, Lorenzo Bandiera, Laura Barlow, Roger Bartosik, Nazar Barzi, Emanuela Batsch, Fabian Bauce, Matteo Berg, J. Scott Bersani, Andrea Bertarelli, Alessandro Bertolin, Alessandro Black, Kevin Boattini, Fulvio Bogacz, Alex Bonesini, Maurizio Bordini, Bernardo Bottaro, Salvatore Bottura, Luca Braghieri, Alessandro Breschi, Marco Bruhwiler, Natalie Buffat, Xavier Buonincontri, Laura Burrows, Philip N. Burt, Graeme Buttazzo, Dario Caiffi, Barbara Calviani, Marco Calzaferri, Simone Calzolari, Daniele Capdevilla, Rodolfo Carli, Christian Casaburo, Fausto Casarsa, Massimo Castelli, Luca Catanesi, Maria Gabriella Cavallucci, Lorenzo Cavoto, Gianluca Celiberto, Francesco Giovanni Celona, Luigi Cerri, Alessandro Cesarini, Gianmario Cesarotti, Cari Chachamis, Grigorios Chance, Antoine Chen, Siyu Chien, Yang-Ting Chiesa, Mauro Colaleo, Anna Collamati, Francesco Collazuol, Gianmaria Costa, Marco Craig, Nathaniel Curatolo, Camilla Curtin, David Da Molin, Giacomo Dam, Magnus Damerau, Heiko Dasu, Sridhara de Blas, Jorge De Curtis, Stefania De Matteis, Ernesto De Rosa, Stefania Delahaye, Jean-Pierre Denisov, Dmitri Denizli, Haluk Densham, Christopher Dermisek, Radovan Di Luzio, Luca Di Meco, Elisa Di Micco, Biagio Dienes, Keith Diociaiuti, Eleonora Dorigo, Tommaso Dudarev, Alexey Edgecock, Robert Errico, Filippo Fabbrichesi, Marco Farinon, Stefania Ferrari, Anna Somoza, Jose Antonio Ferreira Filthaut, Frank Fiorina, Davide Fol, Elena Forslund, Matthew Franceschini, Roberto Ximenes, Rui Franqueira Gabrielli, Emidio Gallinaro, Michele Garosi, Francesco Giambastiani, Luca Gianelle, Alessio Gilardoni, Simone Giove, Dario Augusto Giraldin, Carlo Glioti, Alfredo Greco, Mario Greljo, Admir Groeber, Ramona Grojean, Christophe Grudiev, Alexej Gu, Jiayin Han, Chengcheng Han, T Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN) Geneva Switzerland STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) Oxford UK Computer Science Department University of California (UC) Berkeley USA Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Pavia Pavia Italy INFN Sezione di Pavia Pavia Italy INFN Sezione di Torino Turin Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Torino Turin Italy INFN Sezione di Padova Padua Italy INFN Sezione di Roma Rome Italy School of Physics and Astronomy University of Manchester Manchester UK Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Batavia USA Department of Physics Brandeis University Waltham USA IRFU CEA University Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette France Center for Theoretical Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge USA Center for High Energy Physics (CHEP-FU) Fayoum University El-Fayoum Egypt SISSA International School for Advanced Studies Trieste Italy INFN Sezione di Trieste Trieste Italy Department of Physics University of Warwick Coventry UK Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Milano Milan Italy INFN Laboratori Acceleratori e Superconduttività Applicata (LASA) Milan Italy INFN Sezione di Ferrara Ferrara Italy School of Computing and Engineering The University of Huddersfield Huddersfield UK Ohio State University Columbus USA Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton USA INFN Sezione di Genova Genoa Italy University of Wisconsin Wisconsin USA Center for Advanced Studies of Accelerators Jefferson Lab Newport News USA INFN Sezione di Milano Bicocca Milan Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Milano Bicocca Milan Italy Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa Pisa Italy Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Energia Elettrica e dell’Informazione Università di Bologna Bologna Italy INFN Sezione di Bologna Bologna Italy Department of Physics University of California (UC) Berkeley USA Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Università di Padova Padoa Italy John Adams Institute University of O

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Abstracts

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JOURNAL OF SPINAL CORD MEDICINE 2021年第SUPPL 1期44卷 S278-S324页

作者： [Anonymous] Department of Medicine Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation University of Toronto Toronto ON CA KITE - Toronto Rehabilitation Institute University Health Network Toronto ON CA Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation University of Toronto Toronto ON CA Rehabilitation Sciences Institute University of Toronto Toronto ON CA Institute of Medical Sciences University of Toronto Toronto ON CA. Rehabilitation Sciences Institute University of Toronto ON CA KITE Research Institute-Toronto Rehab-University Health Network Toronto ON CA Physical Therapy Department University of Toronto ON CA Praxis Spinal Cord Institute Vancouver BC Université de Montréal (École de réadaptation) Montreal QC CA Institut de réadaptation Gingras-Linsay-de-Montréal Montreal QC CA Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton AB CA University of Calgary Calgary AB CA Alberta Health Services Centre for Family Medicine Kitchener ON CA McMaster University Department of Family Medicine Hamilton ON CA Dept. of Physical Therapy University of Toronto Toronto ON CA KITE-University Health Network Toronto ON CA Praxis Spinal Cord Institute Vancouver BC CA Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CIRRIS) Quebec City QC CA Dept. of Rehabilitation Laval University Quebec City QC CA Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation University of Toronto Toronto ON CA School of Rehabilitation Science University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK CA Ontario Neurotrauma Foundation Toronto ON CA Canadian Spinal Research Organization Toronto ON CA CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l ‘Île-de-Montréal (Installation Gingras-Lindsay) Montréal QC CA École de réadaptation Université de Montréal Montréal QC CA First Steps Wellness Centre Regina SK CA Stan Cassidy Centre for Rehabilitation Horizon Health Network Fredericton NB CA Departmen

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Comparing recent PTA results on the nanohertz stochastic gravitational wave background

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Agazie, G. Antoniadis, J. Anumarlapudi, A. Archibald, A.M. Arumugam, P. Arumugam, S. Arzoumanian, Z. Askew, J. Babak, S. Bagchi, M. Bailes, M. Bak Nielsen, A.-S. Baker, P.T. Bassa, C.G. Bathula, A. Bécsy, B. Berthereau, A. Bhat, N.D.R. Blecha, L. Bonetti, M. Bortolas, E. Brazier, A. Brook, P.R. Burgay, M. Burke-Spolaor, S. Burnette, R. Caballero, R.N. Cameron, A. Case, R. Chalumeau, A. Champion, D.J. Chanlaridis, S. Charisi, M. Chatterjee, S. Chatziioannou, K. Cheeseboro, B.D. Chen, S. Chen, Z.-C. Cognard, I. Cohen, T. Coles, W.A. Cordes, J.M. Cornish, N.J. Crawford, F. Cromartie, H.T. Crowter, K. Curylo, M. Cutler, C.J. Dai, S. Dandapat, S. Deb, D. DeCesar, M.E. DeGan, D. Demorest, P.B. Deng, H. Desai, S. Desvignes, G. Dey, L. Dhanda-Batra, N. Di Marco, V. Dolch, T. Drachler, B. Dwivedi, C. Ellis, J.A. Falxa, M. Feng, Y. Ferdman, R.D. Ferrara, E.C. Fiore, W. Fonseca, E. Franchini, A. Freedman, G.E. Gair, J.R. Garver-Daniels, N. Gentile, P.A. Gersbach, K.A. Glaser, J. Good, D.C. Goncharov, B. Gopakumar, A. Graikou, E. Grießmeier, J.-M. Guillemot, L. Gültekin, K. Guo, Y.J. Gupta, Y. Grunthal, K. Hazboun, J.S. Hisano, S. Hobbs, G.B. Hourihane, S. Hu, H. Iraci, F. Islo, K. Izquierdo-Villalba, D. Jang, J. Jawor, J. Janssen, G.H. Jennings, R.J. Jessner, A. Johnson, A.D. Jones, M.L. Joshi, B.C. Kaiser, A.R. Kaplan, D.L. Kapur, A. Kareem, F. Karuppusamy, R. Keane, E.F. Keith, M.J. Kelley, L.Z. Kerr, M. Key, J.S. Kharbanda, D. Kikunaga, T. Klein, T.C. Kolhe, N. Kramer, M. Krishnakumar, M.A. Kulkarni, A. Laal, N. Lackeos, K. Lam, M.T. Lamb, W.G. Larsen, B.B. Lazio, T.J.W. Lee, K.J. Levin, Y. Lewandowska, N. Littenberg, T.B. Liu, K. Liu, T. Liu, Y. Lommen, A. Lorimer, D.R. Lower, M.E. Luo, J. Luo, R. Lynch, R.S. Lyne, A.G. Ma, C.-P. Maan, Y. Madison, D.R. Main, R.A. Manchester, R.N. Mandow, R. Mattson, M.A. McEwen, A. McKee, J.W. McLaughlin, M.A. McMann, N. Meyers, B.W. Center for Gravitation Cosmology and Astrophysics Department of Physics University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee P.O. Box 413 MilwaukeeWI53201 United States Institute of Astrophysics FORTH N. Plastira 100 Heraklion70013 Greece Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 Bonn53121 Germany Newcastle University NE1 7RU United Kingdom Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee247667 India Department of Electrical Engineering IIT Hyderabad Telangana Kandi502284 India X-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Code 662 GreenbeltMD20771 United States Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing Swinburne University of Technology P.O. Box 218 HawthornVIC3122 Australia Australia Université Paris Cité CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie Paris75013 France The Institute of Mathematical Sciences C.I.T. Campus Taramani Chennai600113 India Homi Bhabha National Institute Training School Complex Anushakti Nagar Mumbai400094 India Fakultät für Physik Universität Bielefeld Postfach 100131 Bielefeld33501 Germany Department of Physics and Astronomy Widener University One University Place ChesterPA19013 United States ASTRON Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4 Dwingeloo7991 PD Netherlands Department of Physical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Punjab Mohali140306 India Department of Physics Oregon State University CorvallisOR97331 United States Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace Université d'Orléans CNRS Orléans45071 Cedex 02 France Observatoire Radioastronomique de Nançay Observatoire de Paris Université PSL Université d'Orléans CNRS Nançay18330 France International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research Curtin University BentleyWA6102 Australia Physics Department University of Florida GainesvilleFL32611 United States Dipartimento di Fisica "G. Occhialini" Universitá degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca

The Australian, Chinese, European, Indian, and North American pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations recently reported, at varying levels, evidence for the presence of a nanohertz gravitational wave background (GWB). Given that each PTA made different choices in modeling their data, we perform a comparison of the GWB and individual pulsar noise parameters across the results reported from the PTAs that constitute the International Pulsar Timing Array (IPTA). We show that despite making different modeling choices, there is no significant difference in the GWB parameters that are measured by the different PTAs, agreeing within 1σ. The pulsar noise parameters are also consistent between different PTAs for the majority of the pulsars included in these analyses. We bridge the differences in modeling choices by adopting a standardized noise model for all pulsars and PTAs, finding that under this model there is a reduction in the tension in the pulsar noise parameters. As part of this reanalysis, we"extended" each PTA's data set by adding extra pulsars that were not timed by that PTA. Under these extensions, we find better constraints on the GWB amplitude and a higher signal-to-noise ratio for the Hellings and Downs correlations. These extensions serve as a prelude to the benefits offered by a full combination of data across all pulsars in the IPTA, i.e., the IPTA's Data Release 3, which will involve not just adding in additional pulsars, but also including data from all three PTAs where any given pulsar is timed by more than as single PTA. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Pulsars

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