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arXiv 2022年

作者： Kody, Alyssa West, Amanda Molzahn, Daniel K. Energy Systems Division Argonne National Laboratory United States School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology United States

Wildfires are a threat to public safety and have increased in both frequency and severity due to climate change. To mitigate wildfire ignition risks, electric power system operators proactively de-energize high-risk power lines during "public safety power shut-off" (PSPS) events. Line de-energizations can cause communities to lose power, which may result in negative economic, health, and safety impacts. Furthermore, the same communities may repeatedly experience power shutoffs over the course of a wildfire season, which compounds these negative impacts. However, there may be many combinations of power lines whose de-energization will result in about the same reduction of system-wide wildfire risk, but the associated power outages affect different communities. Therefore, one may raise concerns regarding the fairness of de-energization decisions. Accordingly, this paper proposes a framework to select lines to de-energize in order to balance wildfire risk reduction, total load shedding, and fairness considerations. The goal of the framework is to prevent a small fraction of communities from disproportionally being impacted by PSPS events, and to instead more equally share the burden of power outages. For a geolocated test case in the southwestern United States, we use actual California demand data as well as real wildfire risk forecasts to simulate PSPS events during the 2021 wildfire season and compare the performance of various methods for promoting fairness. Our results demonstrate that the proposed formulation can provide significantly more fair outcomes with limited impacts on system-wide performance. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Climate change

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Multiplexed bi-layered realization of fault-tolerant quantum computation over optically networked trapped-ion modules

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Chandra, Nitish Kumar Guha, Saikat Seshadreesan, Kaushik P. Department of Informatics and Networked Systems School of Computing and Information University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA15213 United States Wyant College of Optical Sciences University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering A. James Clark School of Engineering University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States

We study an architecture for fault-tolerant measurement-based quantum computation (FT-MBQC) over optically-networked trapped-ion modules. The architecture is implemented with a finite number of modules and ions per module, and leverages photonic interactions for generating remote entanglement between modules and local Coulomb interactions for intra-modular entangling gates. We focus on generating the topologically protected Raussendorf-Harrington-Goyal (RHG) lattice cluster state, which is known to be robust against lattice bond failures and qubit noise, with the modules acting as lattice sites. To ensure that the remote entanglement generation rates surpass the bond-failure tolerance threshold of the RHG lattice, we employ spatial and temporal multiplexing. For realistic system timing parameters, we estimate the code cycle time of the RHG lattice and the ion resources required in a bi-layered implementation, where the number of modules matches the number of sites in two lattice layers, and qubits are reinitialized after measurement. For large distances between modules, we incorporate quantum repeaters between sites and analyze the benefits in terms of cumulative resource requirements. Finally, we derive and analyze a qubit noise-tolerance threshold inequality for the RHG lattice generation in the proposed architecture that accounts for noise from various sources. This includes the depolarizing noise arising from the photonically-mediated remote entanglement generation between modules due to finite optical detection efficiency, limited visibility, and presence of dark clicks, in addition to the noise from imperfect gates and measurements, and memory decoherence with time. Our work thus underscores the hardware and channel threshold requirements to realize distributed FT-MBQC in a leading qubit platform today—trapped ions. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Qubits

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A Highly Efficient Algorithm for Phased-Array mmWave Massive MIMO Beamforming

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computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第10期69卷 679-694页

作者： Ayman Abdulhadi Althuwayb Fazirulhisyam Hashim Jiun Terng Liew Imran Khan Jeong Woo Lee Emmanuel Ampoma Affum Abdeldjalil Ouahabi Sébastien Jacques Department of Electrical Engineering Jouf UniversitySakakaAljouf72388Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Putra Malaysia(UPM)Serdang43400Malaysia Department of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering and Technology PeshawarPakistan School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Chung-Ang UniversitySeoul06974Korea Electrical and Electronic Department Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana UMR 1253 iBrainUniversitéde ToursINSERMToursFrance LIMPAF Laboratory Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of BouiraBouira10000Algeria University of Tours(France) GREMAN UMR 7347CNRSINSA Centre Val-de-LoireTours37100France

With the rapid development of the mobile internet and the internet of things(IoT),the fifth generation(5G)mobile communication system is seeing explosive growth in data *** addition,low-frequency spectrum resources are becoming increasingly scarce and there is now an urgent need to switch to higher frequency *** wave(mmWave)technology has several outstanding features—it is one of the most well-known 5G technologies and has the capacity to fulfil many of the requirements of future wireless ***,it has an abundant resource spectrum,which can significantly increase the communication rate of a mobile communication *** such,it is now considered a key technology for future mobile *** communication technology also has a more open network architecture;it can deliver varied services and be applied in many *** contrast,traditional,all-digital precoding systems have the drawbacks of high computational complexity and higher power *** paper examines the implementation of a new hybrid precoding system that significantly reduces both calculational complexity and energy *** primary idea is to generate several sub-channels with equal gain by dividing the channel by the geometric mean decomposition(GMD).In this process,the objective function of the spectral efficiency is derived,then the basic tracking principle and least square(LS)techniques are deployed to design the proposed hybrid *** results show that the proposed algorithm significantly improves system performance and reduces computational complexity by more than 45%compared to traditional algorithms.

关键词： 5G mmWave phased array algorithm antenna beamforming

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Faster Margin Maximization Rates for Generic and Adversarially Robust Optimization Methods

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Wang, Guanghui Hu, Zihao Gentile, Claudio Muthukumar, Vidya Abernethy, Jacob College of Computing Georgia Institute of Technology United States Google Research New York United States School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology United States School of Industrial and Systems Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology United States Google Research Atalanta Brazil

First-order optimization methods tend to inherently favor certain solutions over others when minimizing an underdetermined training objective that has multiple global optima. This phenomenon, known as implicit bias, plays a critical role in understanding the generalization capabilities of optimization algorithms. Recent research has revealed that in separable binary classification tasks gradient-descent-based methods exhibit an implicit bias for the 2-maximal margin classifier. Similarly, generic optimization methods, such as mirror descent and steepest descent, have been shown to converge to maximal margin classifiers defined by alternative geometries. While gradient-descent-based algorithms provably achieve fast implicit bias rates, corresponding rates in the literature for generic optimization methods are relatively slow. To address this limitation, we present a series of state-of-the-art implicit bias rates for mirror descent and steepest descent algorithms. Our primary technique involves transforming a generic optimization algorithm into an online optimization dynamic that solves a regularized bilinear game, providing a unified framework for analyzing the implicit bias of various optimization methods. Our accelerated rates are derived by leveraging the regret bounds of online learning algorithms within this game framework. We then show the flexibility of this framework by analyzing the implicit bias in adversarial training, and again obtain significantly improved convergence rates. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mirrors

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Diagnosis of Liver Disease Induced by Hepatitis Virus Using Machine Learning Methods 8

Diagnosis of Liver Disease Induced by Hepatitis Virus Using ...

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8th International Conference on Information Technology Trends, ITT 2022

作者： Hafeez, Muhammad Ahmad Imran, Azhar Khan, Muhammad Imran Khan, Ali Haider Nawaz, Asif Ahmed, Sheeraz Air University Department of Creative Technologies Islamabad Pakistan Air University Faculty of Computing and A.I Department of Creative Technologies Islamabad Pakistan School of Systems and Technology University of Management and Technology Department of Computer Science Lahore Pakistan Faculty of Electrical Engineering Higher Colleges of Technology Dubai United Arab Emirates Iqra National University Department of Computer Sciences Peshawar Pakistan

ISBN: (数字)9781665487429

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487412

Liver, the largest vital organ in the human body, helps in digestion, energy storage, and toxic removal processes. Hepatitis A, B, C, fatty liver, cirrhosis, and liver cancer all cause swelling of the belly and legs, changes in the color of urine, and jaundice. Early identification is necessary to save the lives of those infected with the Hepatitis virus. Although clinical tests such as Abdominal Ultrasound, Chloride Blood Test, Liver Biopsy, Liver Function Tests (LFT), Magnetic Resonance Cholangio Pancreatography (MRCP), Total Protein and Albumin/Globulin (A/G) Ratio, and others are used in the diagnosis of Hepatitis virus, but high-level expertise of the doctors are also required. With continual advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning algorithms, medically intelligent systems for early detection of fatal liver disease can be developed for prediction of deadly liver disease in the early stage. The goal of this paper is to examine the accuracies of several Machine Learning algorithms such as Linear Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, KNN, and SVM. For this work, author used the data set accessible at the UCI database and proved that the Support Vector Machine perform better than all other methods with.91.84% accuracy. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Decision trees

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Continual Reinforcement Learning for Digital Twin Synchronization Optimization

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IEEE Transactions on Mobile computing 2025年

作者： Tong, Haonan Chen, Mingzhe Zhao, Jun Hu, Ye Yang, Zhaohui Liu, Yuchen Yin, Changchuan Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing Key Laboratory of Network System Architecture and Convergence Beijing Advanced Information Network Laboratory Beijing China College of Computing and Data Science Singapore University of Miami Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Frost Institute for Data Science and Computing Coral Gables33146 United States University of Miami Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering Coral Gables33146 United States Zhejiang University College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Hangzhou310027 China North Carolina State University Department of Computer Science RaleighNC27695 United States Beijing Key Laboratory of Network System Architecture and Convergence China Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing Advanced Information Network Laboratory Beijing100876 China

This article investigates the adaptive resource allocation scheme for digital twin (DT) synchronization optimization over dynamic wireless networks. In our considered model, a base station (BS) continuously collects factory physical object state data from wireless devices to build a real-time virtual DT system for factory event analysis. Due to continuous data transmission, maintaining DT synchronization must use extensive wireless resources. To address this issue, a subset of devices is selected to transmit their sensing data, and resource block (RB) allocation is optimized. This problem is formulated as a constrained Markov process (CMDP) problem that minimizes the long-term mismatch between the physical and virtual systems. To solve this CMDP, we first transform the problem into a dual problem that refines RB constraint impacts on device scheduling strategies. We then propose a continual reinforcement learning (CRL) algorithm to solve the dual problem. The CRL algorithm learns a stable policy across historical experiences for quick adaptation to dynamics in physical states and network capacity. Simulation results show that the CRL can adapt quickly to network capacity changes and reduce normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) between physical and virtual states by up to 55.2%, using the same RB number as traditional methods. © 2025 IEEE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Markov processes

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Non-Convex Potential Games for Finding Global Solutions to Sensor Network Localization

Non-Convex Potential Games for Finding Global Solutions to S...

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European Control Conference (ECC)

作者： Gehui Xu Guanpu Chen Yiguang Hong Baris Fidan Thomas Parisini Karl H. Johansson Key Laboratory of Systems and Control Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Beijing China Division of Decision and Control Systems School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden Department of Control Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Shanghai China Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo ON Canada Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College London London UK Department of Engineering and Architecture University of Trieste Trieste Italy

ISBN: (数字)9783907144107

ISBN: (纸本)9798331540920

Sensor network localization (SNL) problems require determining the physical coordinates of all sensors in a network. This process relies on the global coordinates of anchors and the available measurements between non-anchor and anchor nodes. Attributed to the intrinsic non-convexity, obtaining a globally optimal solution to SNL is challenging, as well as implementing corresponding algorithms. In this paper, we formulate a non-convex multi-player potential game for a generic SNL problem to investigate the identification condition of the global Nash equilibrium (NE) therein, where the global NE represents the global solution of SNL. We employ canonical duality theory to transform the non-convex game into a complementary dual problem. Then we develop a conjugation-based algorithm to compute the stationary points of the complementary dual problem. On this basis, we show an identification condition of the global NE: the stationary point of the proposed algorithm satisfies a duality relation. Finally, simulation results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.

关键词： Location awareness Coordinate measuring machines Simulation Current measurement Noise Europe Games

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FireXnet: an explainable AI-based tailored deep learning model for wildfire detection on resource-constrained devices

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Fire Ecology 2023年第1期19卷 1-19页

作者： Ahmad, Khubab Khan, Muhammad Shahbaz Ahmed, Fawad Driss, Maha Boulila, Wadii Alazeb, Abdulwahab Alsulami, Mohammad Alshehri, Mohammed S. Ghadi, Yazeed Yasin Ahmad, Jawad Faculty of Engineering and Technology Multimedia University Melaka Malaysia School of Computing Engineering and the Built Environment Edinburgh Napier University Edinburgh UK Department of Cyber Security Pakistan Navy Engineering College NUST Karachi Pakistan Robotics and Internet of Things Laboratory Prince Sultan University Riyadh Saudi Arabia RIADI Laboratory National School of Computer Sciences University of Manouba Manouba Tunisia Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and Information Systems Najran University Najran Saudi Arabia Department of Software Engineering Computer Science Al Ain University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates

Forests cover nearly one-third of the Earth’s land and are some of our most biodiverse ecosystems. Due to climate change, these essential habitats are endangered by increasing wildfires. Wildfires are not just a risk to the environment, but they also pose public health risks. Given these issues, there is an indispensable need for efficient and early detection methods. Conventional detection approaches fall short due to spatial limitations and manual feature engineering, which calls for the exploration and development of data-driven deep learning solutions. This paper, in this regard, proposes 'FireXnet', a tailored deep learning model designed for improved efficiency and accuracy in wildfire detection. FireXnet is tailored to have a lightweight architecture that exhibits high accuracy with significantly less training and testing time. It contains considerably reduced trainable and non-trainable parameters, which makes it suitable for resource-constrained devices. To make the FireXnet model visually explainable and trustable, a powerful explainable artificial intelligence (AI) tool, SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) has been incorporated. It interprets FireXnet’s decisions by computing the contribution of each feature to the prediction. Furthermore, the performance of FireXnet is compared against five pre-trained models — VGG16, InceptionResNetV2, InceptionV3, DenseNet201, and MobileNetV2 — to benchmark its efficiency. For a fair comparison, transfer learning and fine-tuning have been applied to the aforementioned models to retrain the models on our dataset. The test accuracy of the proposed FireXnet model is 98.42%, which is greater than all other models used for comparison. Furthermore, results of reliability parameters confirm the model’s reliability, i.e., a confidence interval of [0.97, 1.00] validates the certainty of the proposed model’s estimates and a Cohen’s kappa coefficient of 0.98 proves that decisions of FireXnet are in considerable accordance with t

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Intelligent data-driven methods for enhancing distributed excitation control in electrical grid

Intelligent data-driven methods for enhancing distributed ex...

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International Conference on Energy, Power, Environment, Control and computing (ICEPECC 2025)

作者： Hafiz Ghulam Murtza Qamar Muhammad Imran Fareed Ahmad Ayesha Riaz Adil Ashraf Muhammad Zain Yousaf Imran Khan School of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University Qinhuangdao 066004 People's Republic of China Department of Electrical Electronics and Computer Systems University of Sargodha People's Republic of China Center for Renewable Energy and Microgrids Huanjiang Laboratory Zhejiang University Zhuji Zhejiang 311816 People's Republic of China

ISBN: (数字)9781837243150

This paper proposes a decentralized excitation control method based on synchronized estimation using asynchronous measurements from voltage/current transformers (VT/CT), addressing the challenges of decentralized excitation control caused by asynchronous updates. Due to the high cost and limited use of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs), synchronized generator output measurements are often not feasible. The proposed method establishes a framework for decentralized excitation control that aligns with synchronized estimation in multi-machine power systems. It develops an estimation model for synchronized acquisition of excitation control feedback inputs, even under asynchronous sampling conditions. Simulation results using IEEE standard test systems demonstrate that synchronized estimated values offer a more accurate representation of the system’s status compared to asynchronous measurements, with better compatibility with the network structure. The findings show that decentralized excitation control based on synchronized estimation significantly enhances power system stability compared to traditional control methods that rely on asynchronous feedback.

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STARS-Enabled Full-Duplex Two-Way mMIMO System Under Spatially-Correlated Channels

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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2025年

作者： Papazafeiropoulos, Anastasios Kourtessis, Pandelis Chatzinotas, Symeon Kaklamani, Dimitra I. Venieris, Iakovos S. University of Hertfordshire Communications and Intelligent Systems Research Group HatfieldAL10 9AB United Kingdom University of Luxembourg SnT Luxembourg Microwave and Fiber Optics Laboratory Greece National Technical University of Athens Intelligent Communications and Broadband Networks Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Athens Zografou15780 Greece

Low-cost reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are being considered as promising physical-layer technology for next-generation wireless networks due to their ability to re-engineer the propagation environment by tuning their elements. Although RIS-aided systems have many advantages, one of their major bottlenecks is that they can provide coverage only in front of the surface. Fortunately, simultaneous transmitting and reflecting surface (STARS)-assisted systems have emerged to fill this gap by providing 360° wireless coverage. In parallel, full-duplex (FD) communication offers a higher achievable rate through efficient spectrum utilization compared to the half-duplex (HD) counterpart. Moreover, two-way/bi-directional communications in an FD system can further enhance the system's spectral efficiency. Hence, in this paper, we propose a STARS-enabled massive MIMO deployment in an FD two-way communication network for highly efficient spectrum utilization, while covering the dead zones around the STARS. This model enables simultaneous information exchange between multiple nodes, while potentially doubling the spectral efficiency (SE). By invoking the use-and-then-forget (UaTF) combining scheme, we derive a closed-form expression for an achievable SE at each user of the system considering both uplink and downlink communications based on statistical channel state information (CSI), while also accounting for imperfect CSI and correlated fading conditions. Moreover, we formulate an optimization problem to obtain an optimal passive beamforming matrix design at the STARS that maximizes the sum achievable SE. The considered problem is non-convex and we propose a provably-convergent low-complexity algorithm, termed as projected gradient ascent method (ProGrAM), to obtain a stationary solution. Extensive numerical results are provided to establish the performance superiority of the FD STARS-enabled system over the HD STARS-enabled and FD conventional RIS (cRIS)-enabled coun

关键词： Digital television

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