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38th International Conference on VLSI Design, VLSID 2025

作者： Mahapatra, Mrinmoy Kekarjawlekar, Prathamesh Ganesh Akshay, K. School of Electrical and Computer Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar Odisha Khordha752050 India School of Minerals Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar Odisha Khordha752050 India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522445

3D NAND memory has become indispensable for high-density data storage, offering superior scalability and cost-efficiency. However, with shrinking memory cell sizes and increasing cell densities, precise control over fabrication parameters is crucial for optimal performance in advanced memory applications. The variability in string current is a significant concern for device performance and reliability. This paper employs technology computer-Aided Design (TCAD) simulations to investigate the impact of the dimensional variations on the string current, which subsequently alters the critical electrical properties of 3D NAND flash memory cells. We investigate variations in cell spacing, tunneling and blocking oxide thickness and channel thickness, that result due to process variations during etching, deposition and lithography. Our study assesses the impact of these factors on critical performance metrics, including on-current (Ion), threshold voltage (Vth), maximum trans-conductance value (Gm) and sub-threshold slope (SS) of memory cells. The results indicate that changes in the plug depth have a negligible effect on the electrical parameters, while variations in cell spacing have a significant impact on these metrics. Under a worst-case 20% process variation in all dimensions, Ion, Vth}}, Gm and SS deviate by approximately 78%, 21%, 38% and 14%, respectively. These results emphasize the need for precise fabrication control and variability-aware design to maintain the reliability and efficiency of high-density 3D NAND memory in advanced applications. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Threshold voltage

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Fast Bit-Sliced VLSI Architectures on FPGA for Montgomery Domain Modular Inversion 38

Fast Bit-Sliced VLSI Architectures on FPGA for Montgomery Do...

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38th International Conference on VLSI Design, VLSID 2025

作者： Adhikary, Soham Palchaudhuri, Ayan Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering School of Electrical and Computer Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar Argul Odisha Khordha752050 India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522445

Modular inversion computation forms a crucial component in Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems. In this paper, we have proposed a fast VLSI architecture for Kaliski's Montgomery domain modular inversion al-gorithm using bit-sliced design paradigm. Logic sharing among functional modules and direct configuration of the FPGA logic primitives were adopted to reduce the critical path wherever possible. The hardwired carry chain fabric of FPGA was exploited to bring down the critical path delay. The entire design flow was implemented on modern day FPGA family and the post-implementation timing simulation results are reported. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： computer circuits

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Resolution-aware beam scanning for joint detection and communication in ISAC systems

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Science China Information Sciences 2025年第5期68卷 1-17页

作者： Xu, Yiming Xu, Dongfang Xie, Zhanyuan Jiang, Zheng Song, Shenghui Ng, Derrick Wing Kwan Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 999077 Hong Kong China Telecom Research Institute Beijing100191 China School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications University of New South Wales Sydney1466 Australia

Beam scanning for joint detection and communication in integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems plays a critical role in continuous monitoring and rapid adaptation to dynamic environments. However, the design of sequential scanning beams for target detection with the required sensing resolution has not been tackled in the literature. To bridge this gap, this paper introduces a resolution-aware beam scanning design. In particular, the transmit information beamformer, the covariance matrix of the dedicated radar signal, and the receive beamformer are jointly optimized to maximize the average sum rate of the system while satisfying the sensing resolution and detection probability requirements. A block coordinate descent (BCD)-based optimization framework is developed to address the non-convex design problem. By exploiting successive convex approximation (SCA), S-procedure, and semidefinite relaxation (SDR), the proposed algorithm is guaranteed to converge to a stationary solution with polynomial time complexity. Simulation results show that the proposed design can efficiently handle the stringent detection requirement and outperform existing antenna-activation-based methods in the literature by exploiting the full degrees of freedom (DoFs) brought by all antennas. © Science China Press 2025.

关键词： Beam forming networks

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Class-Conditioned Transformation for Enhanced Robust Image Classification

Class-Conditioned Transformation for Enhanced Robust Image C...

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2025 IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of computer Vision, WACV 2025

作者： Blau, Tsachi Ganz, Roy Baskin, Chaim Elad, Michael Bronstein, Alex M. Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Deparrment of Computer Science Israel School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9798331510831

Robust classification methods predominantly concen-trate on algorithms that address a specific threat model, resulting in ineffective defenses against other threat models. Real-world applications are exposed to this vulnerability, as malicious attackers might exploit alternative threat models. In this work, we propose a novel test-time threat model agnostic algorithm that enhances Adversarial-Trained (AT) models. Our method operates through COnditional image transformation and DIstance-based Prediction (CODIP) and includes two main steps: First, we transform the input image into each dataset class, where the input image might be either clean or attacked. Next, we make a prediction based on the shortest transformed distance. The conditional transformation utilizes the perceptually aligned gradients property possessed by AT models and, as a result, elimi-nates the need for additional models or additional training. Moreover, it allows users to choose the desired balance between clean and robust accuracy without training. The proposed method achieves state-of-the-art results demon-strated through extensive experiments on various models, AT methods, datasets, and attack types. Notably, applying CODIP leads to substantial robust accuracy improvement of up to +23%, +20%, +26%, and +22% on CIFAR10, CIFAR100, ImageNet and Flowers datasets, respectively. For more details, visit the project page. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Image classification

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Multi-Agent Performative Prediction Beyond the Insensitivity Assumption: A Case Study for Mortgage Competition

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Wang, Guanghui Acharya, Krishna Lakshmikanthan, Lokranjan Muthukumar, Vidya Ziani, Juba College of Computing Georgia Institute of Technology United States School of Industrial and Systems Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology United States School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology United States

Performative prediction models account for feedback loops in decision-making processes where predictions influence future data distributions. While existing work largely assumes insensitivity of data distributions to small strategy changes, this assumption usually fails in real-world competitive (i.e. multi-agent) settings. For example, in Bertrand-type competitions, a small reduction in one firm’s price can lead that firm to capture the entire demand, while all others sharply lose all of their customers. We study a representative setting of multi-agent performative prediction in which insensitivity assumptions do not hold, and investigate the convergence of natural dynamics. To do so, we focus on a specific game that we call the "Bank Game", where two lenders compete over interest rates and credit score thresholds. Consumers act similarly as to in a Bertrand Competition, with each consumer selecting the firm with the lowest interest rate that they are eligible for based on the firms’ credit thresholds. Our analysis characterizes the equilibria of this game and demonstrates that when both firms use a common and natural no-regret learning dynamic—exponential weights—with proper initialization, the dynamics always converge to stable outcomes despite the general-sum structure. Notably, our setting admits multiple stable equilibria, with convergence dependent on initial conditions. We also provide theoretical convergence results in the stochastic case when the utility matrix is not fully known, but each learner can observe sufficiently many samples of consumers at each time step to estimate it, showing robustness to slight mis-specifications. Finally, we provide experimental results that validate our theoretical findings. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Prediction models

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Exploring Locational Marginal Price Volatility for Arbitrage Opportunities with Energy Storage Systems in ERCOT

Exploring Locational Marginal Price Volatility for Arbitrage...

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2025 IEEE electrical Energy Storage Applications and Technologies Conference, EESAT 2025

作者： Zheng, Siyi Tu, Lifei Chen, Xi Zhang, Ziang Georgia Institute of Technology Computer Science AtlantaGA United States Independent Researcher BostonMA United States Binghamton University - Suny Electrical and Computer Engineering BinghamtonNY United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331524852

In February 2021, Winter Storm Uri highlighted vulnerabilities in Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ER-COT) electricity grid, resulting in significant price spikes and widespread power outages. This paper investigates arbitrage opportunities for Energy Storage Systems (ESS) within ERCOT by analyzing Locational Marginal Price (LMP) fluctuations. The study employs Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) and Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model to capture non-structural hourly volatility at each node, while the Agglomerative Clustering method analyzes high-volatility clusters to identify prime candidates for arbitrage. The analysis identifies 122 nodes with frequent, intense and prolonged periods of high volatility. Further analysis delves into the mechanisms driving volatility differences between low- and high-volatility nodes and quantifies arbitrage value using a four-hour battery case. These findings underscore the potential for battery operators to capitalize on price volatility for revenue generation. The paper provides insights for strategic ESS deployment, contributing to market efficiency and price stability during normal market conditions and extreme weather events. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Charge storage

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Broadening Misalignment Tolerance Using Broadside Coupled Wedge-Waveguide to Microstrip Inline Transition for MMIC Packaging

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 72477-72485页

作者： Hafeez-Ur-Rehman Song, Ha Il Park, Sean Jang, Jae-Hyung Korea Institute of Energy Technology KENTECH Institute of Energy Materials and Devices Naju58330 Korea Republic of Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Gwangju61005 Korea Republic of Point2 Technology Inc. San JoseCA95112 United States Korea Institute of Energy Technology Department of Energy Engineering Power Semiconductor Concentration Naju58330 Korea Republic of

A broadside aperture coupling was utilized instead of end-wall aperture coupling for millimeter wave inline waveguide-to-microstrip transition (WMT), allowing a larger misalignment tolerance of ±250 um in the vertical direction and ±300 um in the horizontal direction within the insertion loss degradation of 0.1 dB. Additionally, a simple wedge waveguide configuration eliminated the necessity for complex taper or ridge waveguide sections. It simplifies manufacturing and testing procedures by eliminating the need for E-plane or H-plane splits. Furthermore, the transition exhibits broadband and low-loss performance. The fractional bandwidth reached as high as 44%, while the insertion loss of the back-to-back transition was measured at 8.5 dB, which includes the loss from the 1-meter-long waveguide (5.5 dB). The transition is well-suited for microwave and sub-millimeter frequencies due to its low loss, broad bandwidth, compact design, and ease of integration with MMICs. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Millimeter waves

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Learned, uncertainty-driven adaptive acquisition for photon-efficient scanning microscopy

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Optics Express 2025年第6期33卷 12269-12287页

作者： Ye, Cassandra Tong Han, Jiashu Liu, Kunzan Angelopoulos, Anastasios Griffith, Linda Monakhova, Kristina You, Sixian The Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science CambridgeMA02139 United States Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science Columbia University in The City of New York New YorkNY10027 United States University of California Berkeley Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States

Scanning microscopy systems, such as confocal and multiphoton microscopy, are powerful imaging tools for probing deep into biological tissue. However, scanning systems have an inherent trade-off between acquisition time, field of view, phototoxicity, and image quality. This often results in noisy measurements when fast, large field of view, and/or gentle imaging is needed. Deep learning could be used to denoise noisy microscopy measurements, but these algorithms can be prone to hallucination, which can be disastrous for medical and scientific applications. We propose a method to simultaneously denoise and predict pixel-wise uncertainty for scanning microscopy systems, improving algorithm trustworthiness and providing statistical guarantees for deep learning predictions. Furthermore, we propose to leverage this learned, pixel-wise uncertainty to drive an adaptive acquisition technique that rescans only the most uncertain regions of a sample, saving time and reducing the total light dose to the sample. We demonstrate our method on experimental confocal and multiphoton microscopy systems, showing that our uncertainty maps can pinpoint hallucinations in the deep learned predictions. Finally, with our adaptive acquisition technique, we demonstrate up to 16× reduction in acquisition time and total light dose while successfully recovering fine features in the sample and reducing hallucinations. We are the first to demonstrate distribution-free uncertainty quantification for a denoising task with real experimental data and the first to propose adaptive acquisition based on reconstruction uncertainty. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.

关键词： Pixels

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Simulation of a 100 MW Grid-Connected Solar Power Plant and MPPT Control Using the PSO-P&O Technique 11th

Simulation of a 100 MW Grid-Connected Solar Power Plant and ...

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11th EAI International Conference on Advancement of Science and technology, ICAST 2023

作者： Bruk, Betelhem Dereje Shewarega, Fekadu Belay, Birhanu Hailu Yenealem, Mezigebu Getinet Negash, Dereje Shiferaw Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Bahir Dar Institute of Technology Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia University Duisburg-Essen Essen Germany Faculty of Computing Bahir Dar Institute of Technology Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia School of Electrical and computer Engineering Addis Ababa Institute of Technology Addis Ababa Ethiopia

ISBN: (纸本)9783031641503

Among the most prominent sources of alternative power in recent years is solar energy. Thus, photovoltaic (PV) systems need to be made more efficient and reliable. A PV panel’s conversion capacity is between 23% and 24% when it converts solar energy to electricity. However, the average conversion efficiency for most PV panels was around 15–20%. Identifying the maximum power point (MPP) on PV panels is one way to increase conversion efficiency. MPPT system control is presented and discussed in this paper for a 100 MW system in Metehara, Ethiopia. The aim of this paper is to present a novel hybrid approach for maximum power point tracking (MPPT). A particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and a P&O MPPT technique are combined in this method. In order to achieve the MPP with improved speed and accuracy, the algorithm goes through a series of stages. MATLAB/Simulink was used to model the proposed algorithm under different operating conditions. Through comprehensive simulations across diverse input conditions, the proposed approach’s MPP tracking performance is assessed. When compared with systems lacking MPPT techniques, the hybrid approach demonstrates an average efficiency of 99.76%. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： MATLAB

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Integrated Photonic Topology Optimization with Nonvertical Sidewall Profiles: Applications in Lithium Niobate and Silicon

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Probst, Michael J. Hiesener, Jacob M. Kaushalram, Archana Ralph, Stephen E. School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30308 United States

We enable density-based topology optimization (TO) to design integrated photonic devices featuring nonvertical sidewall profiles. Specifically, we demonstrate TO for fabrication processes with slanted sidewalls which are often used to enhance vertical coupling efficiency and fabrication processes with angled sidewalls which are a common feature of etching. The techniques demonstrated are readily adaptable to other etch profiles such as asymmetric or nonlinear. The enhancements are compatible with existing TO techniques, lengthscale constraints and multi-layer designs, and any dielectric materials, suiting the techniques for both academic and commercial foundry fabrications. We demonstrated the developed capabilities by designing slanted and angled silicon grating couplers and thin-film lithium niobate on insulator dual-polarization s-bends. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Shape optimization

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