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Empirical techniques for effort estimation in designing effective ML models

International Journal of computers and Applications 2025年第2期47卷 226-234页

作者： Padmanabha Reddy, Y.C.A. Kosuru, Sai Sathwik Sirisalla, Nageswara Rao Vivekananda, G.N. Perala, Venkata Akanksha Department of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Chaitanya Bharati Institute of Technology Telangana Hyderabad India Department of CSE B V Raju Institute of Technology Telangana Narsapur India Department of Computer Science and Engineering K.S.R.M. College of Engineering AP Kadapa India School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India

Machine Learning Research often involves the use of diverse libraries, modules, and pseudocodes for data processing, cleaning, filtering, pattern recognition, and computer intelligence. Quantization of Effort Required for the above cumulative processes is rarely discussed in the existing works and The time to reach the desired level of the model's functionality is essential to gauge the environment training for the model training and pre-deployment testing. In this study, we empirically defined the manual-cum-computational effort required for the model development in terms of 2-time factors: time-to-live (time until 1st code modification) and time-for-modification (time between 2 codebase changes) taken together in a mathematical model to compute Effort Factor(quantitative measure of determining effort needed to design ML algorithms). The study is novel in terms of how the effort required to create ML models is calculated with a particular focus on the manual effort direction. The results and the findings obtained can be used for determining the total time needed to synthesize ML models and frameworks in terms of code change cycles and implementation strategies marking a 25% performance increase in the current method above the Standard Pipeline. © 2025 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： Pipeline codes

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Deep Learning Classifier to Recommend the Tourist Attraction in Smart Cities 2

Deep Learning Classifier to Recommend the Tourist Attraction...

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2nd International Conference on Disruptive Technologies, ICDT 2024

作者： Gupta, Keshav Kumar, Vikas Jain, Abhishek Singh, Pranita Jain, Amit Kumar Prasad, M.S.R. Grd Institute of Management and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Dehradun India School of Computer Science & Engineering Dev Bhoomi Uttrakhand University Dehradun India Uttaranchal University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Dehradun India Roorkee Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Roorkee India Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Department of Computer Science and Engineering Vaddeswaram India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371055

Provide an attraction recommendation system that uses deep learning and is powered by the Internet of Things (IoT) to develop the smart city visitor experience. Users of a smart city app or website will be able to record information about their trips, including whether they are going independently or with an accompanying companion, the sort of companion (e.g., a family with children or a lover), the purpose of their trip (business or pleasure), and personal characteristics (e.g., age, interests, etc.). Using this unique combination of input data, the suggested deep learning-based recommendations system would suggest tourist activities and sights that match the user's profile nicely. In addition, the suggested tourist attraction recommendations system uses actual data obtained from Internet of Things (IoT) devices to offer content-based information (such as previously looked-at sights) and context related data (such as weather conditions, location, time of day, etc.) to potential visitors in the smart city. Regarding the initial case [(a) planning and searching for activities earlier travelling], the suggested multi-label deep learning classifiers achieve a recall, accuracy, precision, and loss of 1.6%, 98.6%, 98.8%, and 98.7%, respectively, compared to other models such as extra tree, decision tree, k-nearest neighbour, and randomized forest. As for the second scenario, it can effectively suggest tourist spots while searching for smart city activities (b) with a recall, accuracy, precision, and loss of 2.6%, 98.4%, 98.6%, and 98.7%, respectively. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Deep Learning Internet of Things Personal Characteristics Recommendation System Smart City Activities

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Identification of Criminals based on Criminal Behavioral Similarity Patterns using Series Finder and Prefix Span Algorithm 5

Identification of Criminals based on Criminal Behavioral Sim...

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5th International Conference on IoT Based Control Networks and Intelligent Systems, ICICNIS 2024

作者： Monika, E. Kumar, T. Rajesh Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institite of Medical and Techinical Sciences Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331518097

This research automatically detects patterns of criminal behavior similarity. It can be difficult to identify which of the many crimes that occur in a city each year were perpetrated by the same offender. In order to more accurately attribute previous crimes and apprehend individuals, these strategies may aid law enforcement in understanding crime patterns. All of this would be achievable if analysts had access to automated, data-driven techniques for detecting crime patterns. To achieve this, we propose the Series Finder, Prefix Span algorithm, which develops a pattern to find crimes from a dataset, starting with a seed of the algorithm. This algorithm takes care of predictive analytics, geographic profiling, crime mapping, modus operandi analysis, link analysis, intelligence and information sharing, behavioral analysis profiling and pattern recognition. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Predictive analytics

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Predictive Modeling of Employee Attrition Using Tree-Based Machine Learning Classifiers

Predictive Modeling of Employee Attrition Using Tree-Based M...

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2025 International Conference on Emerging Technologies for Intelligent Systems, ETIS 2025

作者： Cherian, Jerly Akku Simon, Santhosh Sreelatha, Anoop Prabhakaranpillai School of Business Providence College of Engineering Alappuzha Chengannur India Providence College of Engineering Department of Computer Science and Engineering Alappuzha Chengannur India Providence College of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Alappuzha Chengannur India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331507541

Employee attrition poses considerable challenges for organizations by affecting productivity and increasing recruitment costs. This study employs tree-based machine learning classifiers to predict employee attrition, aiming to improve decision-making in human resource management. The J48 decision tree was utilized for feature selection, and several classifiers, including Hoeffding Tree, Rep Tree, J48, Random Forest, LMT, and Random Tree, were evaluated. Among these, the Random Forest classifier achieved the highest accuracy of 87.07%, demonstrating its effectiveness in modeling complex attrition patterns. The study offers insights into the application of machine learning for predicting employee attrition and provides a framework for organizations to maintain workforce stability. Future research could incorporate additional data sources and advanced methods to enhance prediction accuracy. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Personnel selection

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Cyber intrusion detection using dual interactive Wasserstein generative adversarial network with war strategy optimization in wireless sensor networks

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第18期84卷 19223-19253页

作者： Anusha, N. Tapas Bapu, B.R. S, Selvakumaran Vijayaraj, A. Ramesh Kumar, C. P, Raji Department of IoT School of Computer science and Engineering VIT Tamil Nadu Vellore India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering S.A.Engineering College Tamil Nadu Chennai India Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Rajalakshmi Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Chennai India Department of Information Technology R.M.K Engineering College R.S.M Nagar Tamil Nadu Kavaraipettai India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Panimalar Engineering College Tamil Nadu Chennai India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Saveetha Engineering College Tamil Nadu Chennai India

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is one of the essential components of a multi-hop cyber-physical system comprising many fixed or moving sensors. There are many common attacks in WSN, which can quickly harm a WSN system. In this manuscript, Dual Interactive Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network (DIWGAN) with war strategy optimization (WSO) algorithm is introduced for detecting intrusion in WSN. Initially, the input data is attained from the NSL-KDD and CICIDS2017 datasets. The data is then passed onto Morphological filtering and Extended Empirical wavelet transformation (MFEEWT) based pre-processing. After that, the filtered data is sent to the DIWGAN, which detects the intrusion and classifies the fraud data in the network. Additionally, the WSO algorithm is introduced to enhance the classification parameters of DIWGAN. By then the performance of the proposed DIWGAN-WSO-IDS methodology is evaluated using Python Platform. Also, the performance of the proposed methodology is calculated using various metrics like accuracy, precision, recall, f-measure, mean square error, and attack detection rate. Thus, the proposed technique has attained 29.87%, 31.7%, and 26.8% higher accuracy, 23.54%, 20.09%, and 26.98% higher recall, 12.76%, 10.96%, and 6.7% higher precision. And 6.85%, 4.56%, and 8.56% lower MSE than the existing techniques like BFSGSRF, MHICA-SSA, and CNN-LSTM methods. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks

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Enhancing Smart Mobility Through Machine Learning and Neural Networks 7

Enhancing Smart Mobility Through Machine Learning and Neural...

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7th Edition Global Conference on Wireless and Optical Technologies, GCWOT 2024

作者： Nadeem, Muhammad Haider, Waleej Ahmed, Haris Khan, Sallar Sir Syed University of Engineering & Technology Department of Computer Science & Information Technology Karachi Pakistan School of Informatics & Cybersecurity Technological University Dublin Dublin Ireland

ISBN: (纸本)9798331534271

This study investigates the prediction of taxi trip durations in New York City using machine learning (ML) models and neural networks (NN). Three models Linear Regression, Random Forest Regressor, and a Neural Network were developed and evaluated on a dataset containing various trip details. The analysis highlighted the importance of geographic and temporal features in predicting trip durations. The Neural Network model outperformed others, achieving a mean squared error (MSE) of 12,577,211 and a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 3,546, significantly better than the comparative models. These results underscore its capacity to capture complex urban mobility patterns effectively. The superior performance of the Neural Network supports its potential to optimize traffic flow and reduce congestion in dense urban environments, offering substantial improvements to urban transportation systems. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Neural network models

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Simulation-based Beamforming Optimization in Moving Drones 15

Simulation-based Beamforming Optimization in Moving Drones

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15th IFIP Wireless and Mobile Networking Conference, WMNC 2024

作者： Bouras, Christos Diasakos, Damianos Kokkinos, Vasileios Prodromos, Nikolaos Gkamas, Apostolos Pouyioutas, Philippos University of Patras Computer Engineering and Informatics Department Patras Greece University of Ioannina Department of Chemistry Ioannina Greece University of Nicosia Computer Science Department Nicosia Cyprus

ISBN: (纸本)9783903176683

The integration of drone technology with 5G networks presents novel opportunities for enhancing wireless communication systems. This paper explores the application of beamforming optimization techniques in dynamic environments, specifically focusing on moving drones in a simulated environment based on the DeepMIMO O1 scenario. By leveraging the unique properties of the O1 drone setup of DeepMIMO simulation environment, which simulates realistic urban mobility patterns at millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies, we propose a novel beamforming algorithm designed to optimize the signal quality and stability in highly mobile aerial networks. Key performance metrics used in this study include Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), battery consumption, and power consumption of both the drones and the base station. Our findings indicate that the adaptive beamforming algorithm not only enhances the SNR and reduces power consumption but also optimizes battery usage compared to conventional beamforming methods. This study enhances the understanding of mmWave beamforming dynamics in aerial scenarios but also lays the groundwork for future advancements in drone-based communication networks. © 2024 IFIP.

关键词： 5G mobile communication systems

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Design and Development of an Internet of Things (IoT)-Based Application and System to Detect Stunting in Infants and Toddlers 10

Design and Development of an Internet of Things (IoT)-Based ...

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10th International HCI and UX Conference in Indonesia, CHIuXiD 2024

作者： Tiffany, Theresa Jeremia, James Lie, Zener Sukra Bina Nusantara University Binus Aso School of Engineering Automotive and Robotics Engineering Program Computer Engineering Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350380439

Currently, the process of monitoring children's growth in Indonesia relies on manual methods for collecting anthropometric data. These methods pose a risk of data recording errors. Additionally, the ratio of healthcare workers to children in Indonesia is 1:90, a significant disparity that hinders efforts to reduce the prevalence of stunting in the country. To support the third Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), which emphasizes 'Good Health and Well-being,' it is crucial to address issues in the stunting management process, from data collection to monitoring. The design and development of this iOS-based mobile application aim to assist in monitoring child growth and provide guidance and steps for prevention and treatment. Besides application development, it also involves the design and development of an Internet of Things (IoT) system to aid in the collection of children's anthropometric data. The research methodology includes studying stunting cases in Indonesia, anthropometric data calculation methods, stunting prevention and management steps, application design and development, automatic anthropometric data collection, and online data storage and transmission using IoT technology. The developed application and system have been tested and successfully integrated. The IoT device has an accuracy rate of 99.83% for weight measurement calibration and 98.68% for height or length measurement calibration. From the testing results of the child condition calculation method in the application, an accuracy rate of 100% was achieved. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Anthropometry

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Code Reviewer Intelligent Prediction in Open Source Industrial Software Project

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computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2023年第10期137卷 687-704页

作者： Zhifang Liao Bolin Zhang Xuechun Huang Song Yu Yan Zhang School of Computer Science and Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha410083China Department of Computing School of ComputingEngineering and Built EnvironmentGlasgow Caledonian UniversityGlasgowG40BAUK

Currently, open-source software is gradually being integrated into industrial software, while industry protocolsin industrial software are also gradually transferred to open-source community development. Industrial protocolstandardization organizations are confronted with fragmented and numerous code PR (Pull Request) and informalproposals, and differentworkflowswill lead to increased operating costs. The open-source community maintenanceteam needs software that is more intelligent to guide the identification and classification of these issues. To solvethe above problems, this paper proposes a PR review prediction model based on multi-dimensional features. Weextract 43 features of PR and divide them into five dimensions: contributor, reviewer, software project, PR, andsocial network of developers. The model integrates the above five-dimensional features, and a prediction model isbuilt based on a Random Forest Classifier to predict the review results of PR. On the other hand, to improve thequality of rejected PRs, we focus on problems raised in the review process and review comments of similar *** a PR revision recommendation model based on the PR review knowledge graph. Entity information andrelationships between entities are extracted from text and code information of PRs, historical review comments,and related issues. PR revisions will be recommended to code contributors by graph-based similarity *** experimental results illustrate that the above twomodels are effective and robust in PR review result predictionand PR revision recommendation.

关键词： Open source software pull request random forest knowledge graph

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CHIE: Generative MRC Evaluation for in-context QA with Correctness, Helpfulness, Irrelevancy, and Extraneousness Aspects 2

CHIE: Generative MRC Evaluation for in-context QA with Corre...

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2nd Workshop on Generalisation (Benchmarking) in NLP, GenBench 2024

作者： Phatthiyaphaibun, Wannaphong Nonesung, Surapon Limkonchotiwat, Peerat Udomcharoenchaikit, Can Sawatphol, Jitkapat Chuangsuwanich, Ekapol Nutanong, Sarana School of Information Science and Technology VISTEC Thailand Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761827

The evaluation of generative models in Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) presents distinct difficulties, as traditional metrics like BLEU, ROUGE, METEOR, Exact Match, and F1 score often struggle to capture the nuanced and diverse responses. While embedding-based metrics such as BERTScore and BARTScore focus on semantic similarity, they still fail to fully address aspects such as recognizing additional helpful information and rewarding contextual faithfulness. Recent advances in large language model (LLM) based metrics offer more fine-grained evaluations, but challenges such as score clustering remain. This paper introduces a multi-aspect evaluation framework, CHIE, incorporating aspects of Correctness, Helpfulness, Irrelevance, and Extraneousness. Our approach, which uses binary categorical values rather than continuous rating scales, aligns well with human judgments, indicating its potential as a comprehensive and effective evaluation method. © 2024 Association for Computational Linguistics.

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