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Groundbreaking taxonomy of metaverse characteristics

Artificial Intelligence Review 2025年第8期58卷 1-50页

作者： Sadeghi-Niaraki, Abolghasem Rahimi, Fatema Azlan, Nur Alya Emanuelle Binti Song, Houbing Ali, Farman Choi, Soo-Mi Department of Computer Science and Engineering and Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone XR Research Center Sejong University Seoul Korea Republic of BaltimoreMD21250 United States Department of Applied AI School of Convergence College of Computing and Informatics Sungkyunkwan University Seoul03063 Korea Republic of

The Metaverse, a dynamic and immersive virtual realm, has captured the imagination of researchers and enthusiasts worldwide. This survey paper aims to introduce a groundbreaking taxonomy for the characteristics of the Metaverse offering a structured and adaptable framework that extends beyond existing categorizations by incorporating dynamic transformations. Unlike prior taxonomies, which often focus on fixed attributes, our approach emphasizes the dynamic evolution of Metaverse characteristics. Through an extensive review of published literature, this study explores key technological, social, economic, and ethical dimensions of the Metaverse. It introduces a process-oriented classification based on 23 distinct characteristics, including immersification, spatiotemporalification, interactification, persistentification, presentification, personification, unification, imaginification, economification, uncertaintification, and credification. By mapping these evolving aspects, we provide a structured and future-proof foundation for understanding the Metaverse’s continuous development. This survey establishes a new standard for comprehensiveness and innovation, shedding light on the diverse facets that have been explored in literature. Through this novel taxonomy, we provide a detailed map of the current landscape and offer insights that pave the way for future research and development in this burgeoning digital frontier. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Comprehensive analysis Futuristic exploration Metaverse characteristics Paradigm-shifting taxonomy Revolutionary categorization

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Artificial intelligence algorithms for object detection and recognition in video and images

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-18页

作者： Dakshinamoorthy, Prabakar Rajaram, Gnanajeyaraman garg, Shruti Murugan, Prabhu Manimaran, A. Sundar, Ramesh Department of Data Science and Business System School of Computing SRM Institute of Science and Technology SRM Nagar Kattankulathur Chennai India Department of Computer Science Engineering Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Tamilnadu Chennai India Birla Institute of Technology Mesra Ranchi India Department of ECE Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai602105 India Department of Computer Science Engineering Saveetha School Of EngineeringSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai6021055 India Department of Netwoking and Communication School of Computing SRM Institute of Science and Technology SRM Nagar Kattankulathur Chennai India

The usage of machine learning and deep learning algorithms have necessitated Artificial Intelligence'. AI is aimed at automating things by limiting human interference. It is widely used in IT, healthcare, finance, and agriculture. It is achieved through several deep learning algorithms that reflect the human brain's intelligence. These AI algorithms can be manipulated according to changing needs and improved efficiency. This paper tries to utilize the developments made in AI technology to classify the images and recognize the objects present in them. One widely used AI algorithm is CNN (Convolutional Neural Networks). The CNN is a deep learning-based algorithm that consists of various layers that extract and filters the parameters present in the images. Some additional layers of ResNet50 and the CNN algorithm are used to extract the parameters to improve image recognition accuracy. The image dataset taken for training and testing the proposed model is imageNet. The images are initially processed before sending them to the proposed model. The proposed model is trained, validated, and tested through the images obtained after the initial processing. The same process is repeated several times until getting the maximum accuracy. The accuracy of the proposed model in terms of image recognition is recorded. The obtained results are compared with other image classification algorithms like VGG16 and VGG19. It is concluded that the proposed model outperforms other traditional methods in terms of accuracy. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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NC-Load: On-Demand Program Loading and Running for Computing Sharing Among IoT Devices

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第9期12卷 12242-12256页

作者： Dong, Yanhao Duan, Sijing Lyu, Feng Zhao, Peng Zhang, Yongmin Ren, Ju Zhang, Yaoxue Central South University School of Computer Science and Engineering Hunan Changsha410083 China Tsinghua University Department of Computer Science and Technology Beijing100084 China

The number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has increased rapidly in recent years, but lack effective methods to integrate their computational power. In this article, we propose NC-Load, which couples IoT devices into a multiprocessor system, allowing process scheduling across different devices to share their computing power and improve overall throughput. Specifically, NC-Load consists of three key designs, i.e., remote page fault (RPF), lightweight program cropping, and identical memory layout migration, contributing to three merits compared to existing systems: 1) high storage efficiency: the target device launches the program with a locally stored lightweight icon and leverages RPFs to retrieve the required code/data from the source device;2) on-demand memory loading: only the required memory portions are transmitted when scheduling programs across different devices, which ensures quick recovery of the program;and 3) consistent memory layout: to ensure consistency of addresses after program offloading, the virtual memory area layout of the source device is migrated to the target device. We implement NC-Load on Linux 6.1 and conduct performance evaluation using unmodified programs and the N-Queens cases. The results demonstrate that NC-Load can achieve superior performance in terms of storage efficiency, program performance, memory usage, and throughput. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Multiprocessing systems

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Bidirectional LSTM-Based Energy Consumption Forecasting:Advancing AI-Driven Cloud Integration for Cognitive City Energy Management

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第5期83卷 2907-2926页

作者： Sheik Mohideen Shah Meganathan Selvamani Mahesh Thyluru Ramakrishna Surbhi Bhatia Khan Shakila Basheer Wajdan Al Malwi Mohammad Tabrez Quasim Department of Computer Science and Engineering Srinivasa Ramanujan CentreSASTRA Deemed UniversityKumbakonam612001India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyJAIN(Deemed-to-be University)Bangalore562112India School of Science Engineering and EnvironmentUniversity of SalfordManchesterM54WTUK University Centre for Research and Development Chandigarh UniversityMohali140413PunjabIndia Centre for Research Impact and Outcome Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and TechnologyChitkara UniversityRajpura140401PunjabIndia Department of Information Systems College ofComputer and Information SciencePrincessNourah bintAbdulrahmanUniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia College of Computer Science Informatics and Computer Systems Department King Khalid UniversityAbha61421Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence College of Computing and Information TechnologyUniversity of BishaBisha61922Saudi Arabia

Efficient energy management is a cornerstone of advancing cognitive cities,where AI,IoT,and cloud computing seamlessly integrate to meet escalating global energy *** this context,the ability to forecast electricity consumption with precision is vital,particularly in residential settings where usage patterns are highly variable and *** study presents an innovative approach to energy consumption forecasting using a bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)*** a dataset containing over twomillionmultivariate,time-series observations collected froma single household over nearly four years,ourmodel addresses the limitations of traditional time-series forecasting methods,which often struggle with temporal dependencies and non-linear *** bidirectional LSTM architecture processes data in both forward and backward directions,capturing past and future contexts at each time step,whereas existing unidirectional LSTMs consider only a single temporal *** design,combined with dropout regularization,leads to a 20.6%reduction in RMSE and an 18.8%improvement in MAE over conventional unidirectional LSTMs,demonstrating a substantial enhancement in prediction accuracy and *** to existing models—including SVM,Random Forest,MLP,ANN,and CNN—the proposed model achieves the lowest MAE of 0.0831 and RMSE of 0.2213 during testing,significantly outperforming these *** results highlight the model’s superior ability to navigate the complexities of energy usage patterns,reinforcing its potential application in AI-driven IoT and cloud-enabled energy management systems for cognitive *** integrating advanced machine learning techniqueswith IoT and cloud infrastructure,this research contributes to the development of intelligent,sustainable urban environments.

关键词： Deep learning bidirectional LSTM energy consumption forecasting time-series analysis predictive modeling machine learning in energy management

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Awake at the Wheel: Enhancing Automotive Safety Through EEG-Based Fatigue Detection 27th

Awake at the Wheel: Enhancing Automotive Safety Through EEG-...

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27th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, ICPR 2024

作者： Siddhad, Gourav Dey, Sayantan Roy, Partha Pratim Iwamura, Masakazu Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Uttarakhand Roorkee247667 India Department of Core Informatics Graduate School of Informatics Osaka Metropolitan University Osaka Sakai599-8531 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9783031781940

Driver fatigue detection is increasingly recognized as critical for enhancing road safety. This study introduces a method for detecting driver fatigue using the SEED-VIG dataset, a well-established benchmark in EEG-based vigilance analysis. By employing advanced pattern recognition technologies, including machine learning and deep neural networks, EEG signals are meticulously analyzed to discern patterns indicative of fatigue. This methodology combines feature extraction with a classification framework to improve the accuracy of fatigue detection. The proposed NLMDA-Net reached an impressive accuracy of 83.71% in detecting fatigue from EEG signals by incorporating two novel attention modules designed specifically for EEG signals, the channel and depth attention modules. NLMDA-Net effectively integrate features from multiple dimensions, resulting in improved classification performance. This success stems from integrating temporal convolutions and attention mechanisms, which effectively interpret EEG data. Designed to capture both temporal and spatial characteristics of EEG signals, deep learning classifiers have proven superior to traditional methods. The results of this study reveal a substantial enhancement in detection rates over existing models, highlighting the efficacy of the proposed approach for practical applications. The implications of this research are profound, extending beyond academic realms to inform the development of more sophisticated driver assistance systems. Incorporating this fatigue detection algorithm into these systems could significantly reduce fatigue-related incidents on the road, thus fostering safer driving conditions. This paper provides an exhaustive analysis of the dataset, methods employed, results obtained, and the potential real-world applications of the findings, aiming to contribute significantly to advancements in automotive safety. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Enhanced Linearity of MOSCAP-Driven Silicon Microring Modulator

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Journal of Lightwave Technology 2025年第10期43卷 4856-4864页

作者： Abdolhosseini, Saeed Hsu, Wei-Che Wang, Alan X. Baylor University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering WacoTX76798 United States School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Oregon State University CorvallisOR97331 United States Nvidia Corp. United States

Optical microring modulator plays a critical role in optical communication and computation due to its ultra-compact footprint and low-driving voltage;however, the linearity of microring resonator is constrained by its intrinsic Lorentzian transfer curve. In this article, we analyze and characterize the linearity of a metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor (MOSCAP) silicon microring modulator (Si-MRM) driven by transparent conductive oxide (TCO) gate. Our theoretical analysis shows that due to the varying quality factor (Q-factor) with respect to the gate voltage, the linearity of MOSCAP Si-MRM can be improved when the input wavelength is set on the left side of the transmission dip. By fitting a linear line to the transfer curve with driving voltage from 0 to -4V, our experimental results prove significant linearity improvement from left-sided modulation compared to right-sided modulation: the coefficient of determination (R2) increases from 0.9806 to 0.9861 and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) decreases from 0.0321 to 0.0215. Spurious-Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) measurement also achieves convincing results of 106 dB·Hz2/3 from left-sided modulation as compared to 98.5 dB· Hz2/3 from right-sided modulation and 104.3 dB·Hz2/3 of reversed-PN junction Si-MRM that is the best result from existing literature. The enhanced linearity due to the varying Q-factor from MOSCAP Si-MRM provides a new mechanism to reduce signal distortion and improve dynamic range, which are essential to RF-photonic systems and high-precision optical computing. © 1983-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Silicon photonics

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HAMF: A Novel Hierarchical Attention-Based Multi-Modal Fusion Model for Parkinson’s Disease Classification and Severity Prediction

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 81252-81278页

作者： Rani Palakayala, Anitha Kuppusamy, P. Kothandaraman, D. Archana, Gunakala Gera, Jaideep VIT-AP University School of Computer Science and Engineering Andhra Pradesh Amaravati522237 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering St. Mary’s Group of Institutions Guntur Andhra Pradesh Guntur522212 India

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that requires correct diagnosis and continuous monitoring of the disease severity. The state-of-the-art methods tend to be unimodal or lack robustness in generalizing between modalities, and hence cannot be applied clinically in diverse populations. A comprehensive approach is a multi-modal framework that overcomes these limitations by integration of brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data, gait analysis, and speech signals for enhanced classification and severity estimation of PD. A Hierarchical Attention-based Multi-modal Fusion (HAMF) model is developed in this paper to employ hierarchical attention mechanism at feature and decision levels to help the model learn representations at various levels. This leads to richer feature extraction, besides fusing different data modalities with accurate integration. Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) methods are used in optimizing the model, by which the convergence speed raised by 15–20 %. An accuracy of 94.2 % was achieved, thus improving by 4–5 %, compared to the existing methodologies. Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) which can capture long-range temporal dependencies, was used in the longitudinal severity estimation task, achieving a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.12 in disease progression forecasting. Beyond this, Domain-Adversarial Neural Network (DANN) enables improved cross-domain generalization and maintains a consistent classification accuracy of 90-93% on diversified datasets. Finally, SHapley Additive exPlanations - Class Activation Maps (SHAP-CAM) further enhanced the model explainability. During the conduct of this work, 85% of all cases provided clinically interpretable insights that allowed clinicians to conduct personalized treatment planning in a more robust and interpretable way. This work substantially extends current multi-modal diagnosis and analysis of PD progression by offering a robust and interpretable tool to

关键词： Neurodegenerative diseases

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Adaptive Task Scheduling in Fog Computing Using Federated DQN and K-Means Clustering

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 75462-75488页

作者： Choppara, Prashanth Mangalampalli, S. Sudheer VIT-AP University School of Computer Science and Engineering Andhra Pradesh Amaravati522237 India Manipal Academy of Higher Education Department of Computer Science and Engineering Manipal Institute of Technology Bengaluru Karnataka Manipal576104 India

Task scheduling in distributed cloud and fog computing applications must be efficient to optimize resource utilization, minimize latency, and comply with strict service level agreements. The dynamic and heterogeneous of fog computing challenges such as balancing performance with variable task loads, resource constraints, and energy efficiency. This paper introduces a new Federated Learning Deep Queue-Learning (FLDQN) framework that integrates reinforcement learning with federated learning to overcome these challenges. The FLDQN approach enables decentralized task scheduling because fog nodes can train their local DQN models on localized data, merging their experiences to form a global model without sensitive data sharing. It further improves task prioritization by classifying tasks based on their execution time and deadlines, ensuring that high-priority tasks are scheduled first, which reduces SLA violations and task rejection rates. The proposed model dynamically adapts to the changing conditions of the fog environment through iterative learning that continuously improves work allocation. Substantial experiments conducted on large and small sizes of dataset show that the proposed FLDQN outperforms others, including standalone DQN and graph-based GGCN. For all dataset sizes small, medium, and large datasets, it reduces makespan by up to 30%, improves throughput, and reduces energy by distributing tasks on the most efficient node based on current system states. The results demonstrate the ability of FLDQN to optimize task execution in real time, while addressing the scalability and privacy issues inherent in fog computing. Combining federated and reinforcement learning proposed framework provides a flexible solution for distributed task scheduling, which is well suited for latency-sensitive applications in industrial automation, healthcare monitoring, and smart city deployments. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Fog computing

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Hierarchical Motion-Enhanced Matching Framework for Few-Shot Action Recognition

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IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 2025年 27卷 2450-2462页

作者： Gao, Hailiang Xie, Guo-Sen Yan, Rui Cui, Qiongjie Qu, Hongyu Shu, Xiangbo Nanjing University of Science and Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing210094 China Nanjing University Department of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing210023 China

Few-Shot Action Recognition (FSAR) aims to recognize novel class action with limited annotated training data from the same class. Most FSAR methods subconsciously follow the few-shot image classification solutions by solely focusing on appearance-level matching between support and query videos, such as part-level matching, frame-level matching, and segment-level matching. However, these methods, almost always, have two main limitations: 1) generally ignore the relationship among these part-, frame- and segment-level features and 2) may mismatch the same class actions under fast-term and slow-term dynamics. To this end, we present a novel Hierarchical Motion-enhanced Matching (HM{^{2}}) framework to hierarchically learn the relation-aware multi-modal features, and jointly promote the multi-modal matching, including appearance-level matching on segments, frames, and parts, as well as the motion-level matching on dynamics. Specifically, we first propose a new Hierarchical Tokenizer (HT) to learn multi-modal features, namely utilizing a hierarchical Transformer to learn appearance-level features, along with a Slow-Fast Aware Motion (SFAM) strategy to learn motion-level features covering fast- and slow-term dynamics. Next, we propose a new Relation-aware Matcher (RM) to match the multi-modal features, by leveraging a Hierarchical Relational Graph Convolutional Network (H-RGCN) to capture the relationship among these appearance-level features. Further, a Dual Sample-to-Class Matching (DSCM) strategy is proposed to measure the bidirectional similarities among appearance- and motion-modal features by sample-to-class matching and class-to-sample matching. Extensive experiments on four golden FSAR datasets demonstrate significant performance improvements of HM2 compared with the state-of-the-art methods. © 1999-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Motion capture

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DESIGN OF RF FEEDING NETWORK [1:8] USING UNEQUAL AMPLITUDE HYBRID COUPLER FOR LOW SLL X-BAND RADAR APPLICATIONS

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Telecommunications and Radio engineering (English translation of Elektrosvyaz and Radiotekhnika) 2025年第5期84卷 1-19页

作者： Kothapudi, Venkata Kishore Sunayana, Lella Divya, Shaik Kumar, Vijay Pappula, Lakshman Gottapu, Srinivasa Kiran Guntur District Andhra Pradesh Vadlamudi522213 India Department of Communication Engineering School of Electronics Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Vellore632014 India Department of Electrical Electronics and Communication Engineering GITAM School of Technology GITAM University Andhra Pradesh Visakhapatnam530045 India School of Science and Engineering Engineering and Computer Science Department Benedict College 1600 Harden St. ColumbiaSC29204 United States

The design simulation and manufacturing of an x-band frequency uneven amplitude 90° hybrid coupler are described in this paper. This hybrid coupler is used to create a feeder network with eight output ports operating at 9.3 GHz. The overall goal is to design and analyze an uneven power feeding network (1:8) for low SLL x-band radar applications employing a hybrid coupler. The specific goal is to create a hybrid coupler with equal amplitude, a hybrid coupler with uneven amplitude [Taylor’s amplitude = –17 dB], and a feeding network using hybrid couplers. The goal of this research is to improve the ability of a single transmitter to provide power to more than one antenna, all at a time either equally or unequally, and this can be achieved by designing a desired number of hybrid couplers and connecting them to the specific number of antennas at the output end and to the single transmitter at the input end. © 2025 by Begell House, Inc.

关键词： Transmitters

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