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A Review of Electronic Fuses: Challenges and Opportunities for Future Vehicular Power Systems

IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification 2025年第3期11卷 8548-8560页

作者： Mayer, Christoph Baumann, Martin Eisenmann, Bastian Herzog, Hans-Georg Energy Conversion Technology Lab TUM School of Engineering and Design Garching85748 Germany BMW Group Research and Development Department Munich80788 Germany High-Power Converter Systems Lab TUM School of Engineering and Design Munich80333 Germany

Currently, the vehicular power system is undergoing significant changes. One of the most promising advances thereby are electronic fuses (eFuses) which are intended to replace the state-of-the-art melting fuses. On the one hand, eFuses are beneficial to meet the requirements for highly automated or autonomous driving functions. On the other hand, compared to melting fuses, they also offer advanced protection mechanisms and enhanced diagnosis functions as well as wiring harness optimization potentials. This paper provides a comprehensive review about the current state of research regarding vehicular eFuses. The general structure and basic functionalities such as protection mechanisms are explained, followed by an overview of state-of-the-art eFuse hardware solutions. Available investigation methods of eFuses such as simulation models are shown. The effect of eFuses on other system components is explained and compared to melting fuses. A comparative overview and discussion of benefits and drawbacks of eFuses and melting fuses complete the review. This paper will be particularly beneficial for research institutions, industry professionals, but also for anyone who is inexperienced in the field of vehicular power systems as a reference of the current state of research regarding vehicular eFuses. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Protection Fuses Power systems Temperature measurement Transistors Hardware Switching circuits Reviews Electrification Surge protection

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Transient Monte Carlo simulation of phonon transport in silicon nanofilms with the local heat source

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 2087-2098页

作者： LI JiaQi CAI JiuQing LI Rui LIU ZhiChun LIU Wei School of Energy and Power Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Wuhan Second Ship Design and Research Institute Wuhan 430205China

Accurate prediction of junction temperature is crucial for the efficient thermal design of silicon nano-devices. In nano-scale semiconductor devices, significant ballistic effects occur due to the mean free path of phonons comparable to the heat source size and device scale. We employ a three-dimensional non-gray Monte Carlo simulation to investigate the transient heat conduction of silicon nanofilms with both single and multiple heat sources. The accuracy of the present method is first verified in the ballistic and diffusion limits. When a single local heat source is present, the width of the heat source has a significant impact on heat conduction in the domain. Notably, there is a substantial temperature jump at the boundary when the heat source width is 10 *** increasing heat source width, the boundary temperature jump weakens. Furthermore, we observe that the temperature excitation rate is independent of the heat source width, while the temperature influence range expands simultaneously with the increase in heat source width. Around 500 ps, the temperature and heat flux distribution in the domain stabilize. In the case of dual heat sources, the hot zone is broader than that of a single heat source, and the temperature of the hot spot decreases as the heat source spacing increases. However, the mean heat flux remains unaffected. Upon reaching a spacing of 200 nm between the heat sources, the peak temperature in the domain remains unchanged once a steady state is reached. These findings hold significant implications for the thermal design of silicon nano-devices with local heat sources.

关键词： phonon transport Monte Carlo simulation transient heat conduction silicon nanofilms local heat source

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Flame-assisted ultrafast synthesis of functionalized carbon nanosheets for high-performance sodium storage

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Carbon Energy 2024年第7期6卷 123-133页

作者： Chen Chen Dong Yan Yew Von Lim Lei Liu Xue Liang Li Junjie Chen Tian Chen Li Youyu Zhu Jiangtao Cai Ying Huang Yating Zhang Hui Ying Yang School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'anChina Pillar of Engineering Product Development Singapore University of Technology and DesignSingaporeSingapore School of Electrical Engineering Xi'an University of TechnologyXi'anChina International Joint Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province School of Physics and ElectronicsHenan UniversityKaifengChina College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xi'an University of Science and TechnologyXi'anChina

The unique structural features of hard carbon(HC)make it a promising anode candidate for sodium-ion batteries(SIB).However,traditional methods of preparing HC require special equipment,long reaction times,and large energy consumption,resulting in low throughputs and *** our contribution,a novel synthesis method is proposed,involving the formation of HC nanosheets(NS-CNs)within minutes by creating an anoxic environment through flame combustion and further introducing sulfur and nitrogen sources to achieve heteroatom *** effect of heterogeneous element doping on the microstructure of HC is quantitatively analyzed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and image processing *** with density functional theory calculation,it is verified that the functionalized HC exhibits stronger Na^(+)adsorption ability,electron gain ability,and Na^(+) migration *** a result,NS-CNs as SIB anodes provide an ultrahigh reversible capacity of 542.7mAh g^(-1) at 0.1Ag^(-1),and excellent rate performance with a reversible capacity of 236.4mAh g^(-1) at 2Ag^(-1) after 1200 ***,full cell assembled with NS-CNs as the can present 230mAh g^(-1) at 0.5Ag^(-1) after 150 ***,in/ex situ techniques confirm that the excellent sodium storage properties of NS-CNs are due to the construction of abundant active sites based on the novel synthesis method for realizing the reversible adsorption of Na^(+).This work provides a novel strategy to develop novel carbons and gives deep insights for the further investigation of facile preparation methods to develop high-performance carbon anodes for alkali-ion batteries.

关键词： carbon nanosheets heteroatom doping sodium-ion battery sustainable materials

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High-resolution neutronics model for ^(238)Pu production in high-flux reactors

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第5期35卷 226-236页

作者： Qing-Quan Pan Qing-Fei Zhao Lian-Jie Wang Bang-Yang Xia Yun Cai Jin-Biao Xiong Xiao-Jing Liu School of Nuclear Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory Nuclear Power Institute of ChinaChengdu 610200China

We proposed and compared three methods(filter burnup,single energy burnup,and burnup extremum analysis)to build a high-resolution neutronics model for 238Pu production in high-flux *** filter burnup and single energy burnup methods have no theoretical approximation and can achieve a spectrum resolution of up to~1 eV,thereby constructing the importance curve and yield curve of the full energy *** burnup extreme analysis method combines the importance and yield curves to consider the influence of irradiation time on production efficiency,thereby constructing extreme *** three curves,which quantify the transmutation rate of the nuclei in each energy region,are of physical significance because they have similar distributions.A high-resolution neutronics model for ^(238)Pu production was established based on these three curves,and its universality and feasibility were *** neutronics model can guide the neutron spectrum optimization and improve the yield of ^(238)Pu by up to 18.81%.The neutronics model revealed the law of nuclei transmutation in all energy regions with high spectrum resolution,thus providing theoretical support for high-flux reactor design and irradiation production of ^(238)Pu.

关键词： ^(238)Pu Neutronics model High-flux reactor Spectrum resolution Spectrum optimization

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Survey and Prospect for Applying Knowledge Graph in Enterprise Risk Management

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 3825-3865页

作者： Pengjun Li Qixin Zhao Yingmin Liu Chao Zhong Jinlong Wang Zhihan Lyu School of Information and Control Engineering Qingdao University of TechnologyQingdao266520China Department of Game Design Uppsala UniversityVisby62167Sweden

Enterprise risk management holds significant importance in fostering sustainable growth of businesses and in serving as a critical element for regulatory bodies to uphold market *** the challenges posed by intricate and unpredictable risk factors,knowledge graph technology is effectively driving risk management,leveraging its ability to associate and infer knowledge from diverse *** review aims to comprehensively summarize the construction techniques of enterprise risk knowledge graphs and their prominent applications across various business ***,employing bibliometric methods,the aim is to uncover the developmental trends and current research hotspots within the domain of enterprise risk knowledge *** the succeeding section,systematically delineate the technical methods for knowledge extraction and fusion in the standardized construction process of enterprise risk knowledge *** comparing and summarizing the strengths and weaknesses of each method,we provide recommendations for addressing the existing challenges in the construction ***,categorizing the applied research of enterprise risk knowledge graphs based on research hotspots and risk category standards,and furnishing a detailed exposition on the applicability of technical routes and ***,the future research directions that still need to be explored in enterprise risk knowledge graphs were discussed,and relevant improvement suggestions were *** and researchers can gain insights into the construction of technical theories and practical guidance of enterprise risk knowledge graphs based on this foundation.

关键词： Knowledge graph enterprise risk risk identification risk management review

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Evaluation of Compatibilizers for Improving Compatibility between Waste Vegetable Oil and Aged Asphalt

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Journal of Wuhan University of technology(Materials Science) 2024年第5期39卷 1278-1286页

作者： WANG Yanghui DING Yongjie LI Danli CAO Zhilong SUN Guoqiang MEI Zijun Department of Road and Urban Railway Engineering Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China School of Civil Engineering Chongqing Jiaotong UniversityChongqing 400074China Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Instit Shanghai 230031China

Modifying agents 2,2-Bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane(2BPE)and dibutyl phthalate(DBP)were selected to enhance the *** using molecular simulation software(Materials Studio,MS),nine systems were constructed,including molecular models of aged asphalt and WVO monomers with 2BPE and/or *** solubility parameters,Flory-Huggins parameters,and interaction energies of these systems were calculated to determine the impact of 2BPE and DBP on the compatibility of WVO and aged *** showed that the addition of 2BPE and DBP reduced the difference in the solubility parameters between WVO and aged asphalt,thus improving the compatibility between WVO and aged ***,using a combination of 2BPE and DBP in both aged asphalt and rejuvenator was found to be more effective than using either 2BPE or DBP ***,it was determined that evaluating the compatibility of WVO and aged asphalt using Van der Waals potential and non-bonding energy as evaluation indicators was more accurate than using electrostatic potential energy.

关键词： road engineering aged asphalt compatibility molecular dynamics solubility parameter Flory-Huggins parameter

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Cost Constrained Cultivation Management with Sensors Considering Fluctuation of Crop Price

IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems

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IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 2025年第2期145卷 136-144页

作者： Maeda, Yasunari School of Regional Innovation and Social Design Engineering Kitami Institute of Technology 165 Koen-cho Kitami Hokkaido090-8507 Japan

There is a lot of previous research on cultivation management based on mathematical engineering. In some previous research, the expected profit of cost constrained cultivation management for multiple agricultural fields with sensors is maximized under the condition that growing states are unknown. But in the previous research, it is assumed that the same crop will be grown in all agricultural fields and crop prices do not fluctuate. In this research, cost constrained cultivation management with sensors considering fluctuation of crop price under the condition that different crops can be grown in the agricultural fields and growing states are unknown is studied. The cultivation management problem is modeled by Markov decision processes as previous research. The expected profit is maximized with reference to a Bayes criterion using dynamic programming in proposed method. The effectiveness of the proposed method is shown by some computational examples. Adaptive cost adjustment between the different crops is confirmed in the computational examples. © 2025 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

关键词： Markov processes

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Reconfigurable mechanism-based metamaterials for ternary-coded elastic wave polarizers and programmable refraction control

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第7期45卷 1225-1242页

作者： Zhou HU Zhibo WEI Yan CHEN Rui ZHU School of Aerospace Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China School of Mechanical Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin300350China Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education Tianjin UniversityTianjin300350China

Elastic metamaterials with unusual elastic properties offer unprecedented ways to modulate the polarization and propagation of elastic ***,most of them rely on the resonant structural components,and thus are frequency-dependent and ***,we present a reconfigurable 2D mechanism-based metamaterial which possesses transformable and frequency-independent elastic *** on the proposed mechanism-based metamaterial,interesting functionalities,such as ternarycoded elastic wave polarizer and programmable refraction,are ***,unique ternary-coded polarizers,with 1-trit polarization filtering and 2-trit polarization separating of longitudinal and transverse waves,are first ***,the strong anisotropy of the proposed metamaterial is harnessed to realize positive-negative bi-refraction,only-positive refraction,and only-negative ***,the wave functions with detailed microstructures are numerically verified.

关键词： elastic metamaterial elastic wave reconfigurable design zero mode ternary code programmable refraction

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Synthesis of N,O-rich active site porous polymers and their efficient recovery of Gd(Ⅲ) from solution

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Journal of Rare Earths 2023年第9期41卷 1419-1428,I0006页

作者： Bin Xiao Lijinhong Huang Jiacai Ou Bin Zeng Zhiqiang Zou Xiangrong Zeng Wanfu Huang School of Resource and Environmental Engineering Jiangxi University of Science and TechnologyGanzhou 341000China School of Resources and Architectural Engineering Gannan University of Science and TechnologyGanzhou 341000China Faculty of Science and Engineering WA School of Mines:MineralsEnergy and Chemical EngineeringCurtin UniversityWAAustralia School of Architecture and Design Jiangxi University of Science and TechnologyGanzhou 341000China

Our previous study found that the adsorption performance of porous carbon for Gd(Ⅲ) could be significantly improved by increasing the N,and O functional groups on its ***,the adsorption capacity of porous carbon is low due to the limited number of N,and O functional groups that can be loaded on its *** to the advantage of customizable functional groups of porous organic polymers(POPs),the triazine-based Tb-MEL and hydroxyl-modified triazine-based Tp-MEL were synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method using nitrogen-rich melamine as the raw material and triformylbenzene(Tb) and 2,4,6-triformylphloroglucinol(Tp),*** Gd(Ⅲ) adsorption isotherms and kinetic curves of Tb-MEL,and Tp-MEL at pH=6 and T=25℃ are in high agreement with the Langmuir isotherm(R^(2)>0.998) and pseudo-second-order kinetics(R^(2)>0.993),*** fitted maximum adsorption capacity(q_(max)) is about 136.05 mg/g,much higher than 58.38 mg/g of *** adsorption efficiency for Gd(Ⅲ) at pH=7 is close to 100%,and Tp-MEL maintains 62.4% of the initial adsorption capacity after ten cycle s of sorption/desorption of Gd(Ⅲ),with an average elution efficiency of more than 90%.Adsorption selection performance tests show that Tp-MEL has good adsorption selectivity for HREE ions,and the selectivity is as follows:Lu^(3+)>Y^(3+)>Gd^(3+)>Nd^(3+)>La^(3+)>Al^(3+)>Ca^(2+)>Mg^(2+).Batch adsorption,Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) method,and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer(XPS)tests show that hydroxyl modifications lose the specific surface area of the polymer,and the functional groups contribute more to the adsorption performance than the specific surface area.

关键词： N O functional groups Triazine-based Hydroxyl-modified Adsorption performance Rare earths

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Recommendation of Restaurant Menu Considering Meal History of Family

IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems

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IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 2025年第4期145卷 452-458页

作者： Maeda, Yasunari School of Regional Innovation and Social Design Engineering Kitami Institute of Technology 165 Koen-cho Hokkaido Kitami090-8507 Japan

Many healthcare-oriented menu recommendation methods are proposed in previous research. In some previous research, the purchase cost is minimized in addition to the minimization of the healthcare loss under the limit on the purchase cost when there are multiple optimal solutions. But in the previous research, the minimization of the healthcare loss considering meal history has not been studied. In this research, a recommendation method for restaurant menus that minimizes the healthcare loss under the limit on the purchase cost, considering meal history of family is proposed. The proposed method also calculates the minimum purchase cost when there are multiple optimal solutions on the healthcare loss. In the proposed method, the healthcare loss and the purchase cost are minimized by dynamic programming. The effectiveness of the proposed method is shown by some computational examples. In the computational examples, the healthcare loss of the proposed method is confirmed to be smaller than the loss of the empirical recommendation method. Adaptive menu selection examples under cost constraints, considering meal history of family are also confirmed. This research is basic research, and future extended research is required. © 2025 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

关键词： Dynamic programming

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