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Efficiency of magnesium oxide nanoparticle in contaminants removal from environmental water samples: Optimization through central composite design

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Chemosphere 2024年 362卷 141734页

作者： Guo, Yuntian Zhou, Zhenyu Alshabrmi, Fahad M. School of Urban and Environmental Hunan University of Technology Hunan Zhuzhou412007 China China Machinery International Engineering Design & Research Institute Co. Ltd Hunan Changsha410021 China Department of Medical Laboratories College of Applied Medical Sciences Qassim University Buraydah51452 Saudi Arabia

This experimental study was conducted to synthesize magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles and investigate their efficiency in removing arsenic, brilliant cresyl blue, and neutral red from aqueous solutions. The MgO nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analyses. The results revealed that the synthesized MgO nanoparticles had a spherical structure with an estimated average size of approximately 30 nm. The influence of solution pH, concentration, adsorbent amount, type of eluent, and interference of interfering ions was examined and optimized for removing arsenic, brilliant cresyl blue, and neutral red. The optimal conditions for the removal process were determined as pH of 7, MgO amount of 0.037 g, ultrasonication time of 16 min, and concentration of 25 mg L−1. The experimental removal efficiencies of arsenic, brilliant cresyl blue, and neutral red in aqueous samples ranged from 88.49% to 96.03%. The results of eluent selection showed that ethanol had the highest removal efficiency of analytes from the absorbent surface. The reusability of the MgO adsorbent demonstrated its effective use for the continuous removal of arsenic, brilliant cresyl blue, and neutral red for at least four consecutive cycles. Overall, the results suggest that MgO nanoparticles could be an effective and cost-efficient adsorbent for removing arsenic, brilliant cresyl blue, and neutral red from real samples. © 2024

关键词： Arsenic

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TOWARD SUSTAINABLE ACTIVE CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTALS-BASED INK FOR STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING 20

TOWARD SUSTAINABLE ACTIVE CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTALS-BASED INK F...

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20th European Conference on Composite Materials: Composites Meet Sustainability, ECCM 2022

作者： Adel, Alrai Ersin, Beyhan Amir, Asadi Elif, Özden-Yenigün Hülya, Cebeci Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics İstanbul Technical University Istanbul34469 Turkey ITU Aerospace Research Center Istanbul Technical University Istanbul34469 Turkey Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering Technology Department of Engineering Technology and Industrial Distribution Texas A&M University MEOB 309 College StationTX77843 United States School of Design Textiles Royal College of Art LondonSW7 2EU United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9782970161400

Sustainable aqueous-based active inks can offer an environmental advantage by replacing hazardous volatile solvents with a friendly environmental option;water, and an ease of application for composite applications. This work studies the potential of piezoresistivity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and cellulose nanocrystals-based strain sensor that was simply coated on the surface of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP). The rheological behavior of the developed inks and the morphology of the processed sensor were examined. The in-situ piezoresistive behavior was investigated by measuring the change of resistance during a tensile test. Sensitivities of 2.8 and 24.3 were calculated (ΔR/R0Ε)) for the linear regions in elastic and plastic deformations, respectively. © 2022 Alrai et al.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes

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Systemic approach to revamp unsignalized intersections using multi-criteria decision making: a comparison of alternative solutions

Advances in Transportation Studies

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Advances in Transportation Studies 2022年 57卷 31-48页

作者： Ganguly, S. Dutta, M. Ghosh, T. Ahmed, M.A. Maitra, B. RCG School of Infrastructure Design and Management Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur West Bengal Kharagpur721302 India Department of Civil Engineering. Institute of Technology Nirma University Gujarat Ahmedabad382481 India School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Gardens Point Campus Queensland University of Technology BrisbaneQLD4000 Australia Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Silchar Assam Silchar788009 India Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur West Bengal Kharagpur721302 India

Unsignalized intersections in urban areas require revamping when traffic volume becomes high or movement is unsafe. In developing countries, due to heavy land use and unplanned growth of cities, road extension is not feasible. So, the performance of unsignalized intersections has to be improved by utilizing the available road space optimally. This study proposes a methodology to revamp isolated unsignalized intersections in congested urban areas by comparing the performance of four space efficient alternative solutions - Mini Roundabout, Speed Hump, Right Turn Short Lane, and Median U-Turn. The best solution was decided based on multicriteria decision making to make a holistic improvement in intersection performance. Four performance criteria were considered - flow, average delay, safety, and vehicular emission. VISSIM is used to simulate two isolated unsignalized intersections, and then the network characteristics of the proposed alternative solutions are configured to test their performances based on the four chosen criteria. Multi-criteria decision making approach has shown that mini roundabout is the most suitable design to improve the performance of isolated unsignalized intersections. © 2022, Aracne Editrice. All rights reserved.

关键词： Developing countries

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Development of Machine Learning-Based Assessment System for Laparoscopic Surgical Skills Using Motion-Capture

Development of Machine Learning-Based Assessment System for ...

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IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration

作者： Koki Ebina Takashige Abe Lingbo Yan Kiyohiko Hotta Madoka Highuchi Naoya Iwahara Jun Furumido Masafumi Kon Sachiyo Murai Yo Kurashima Shunsuke Komizunai Teppei Tsujita Kazuya Sase Xiaoshuai Chen Taku Senoo Nobuo Shinohara Atsushi Konno Graduate School of Information Science and Technology Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan Department of Renal and Genitourinary surgery Faculty of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan Clinical simulation center Faculty of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan Faculty of Engineering and Design Kagawa University Takamatsu Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Defense Academy of Japan Yokosuka Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering and Intelligent Systems Tohoku Gakuin University Sendai Japan Graduate School of Science and Technology Hirosaki University Hi-rosaki Japan

Laparoscopic surgery is a widely used surgical technique, on the other hand, its high degree of difficulty makes it difficult for beginners to learn the technique efficiently. In addition, recent working hour restrictions and shortages of surgeons have resulted in insufficient training time, and establishing the efficiently training methods is becoming urgent needs. Therefore, to promote the skill proficiency of novice surgeons, machine learning-based assessment system for laparo-scopic surgical skills was developed. A measurement system with a simple configuration was introduced so that trainees can easily use it alone. Alternatively, the indices related to the opening ratio and the rotation angle of surgical instruments, which were measured in the authors' previous study were no longer available. Therefore, comparative experiments were conducted to verify the effect of the lack of indices related to these data on the accuracy of skill evaluation. Based on the measurement data of 104 wet lab trainings measured in the previous study, a machine learning model that evaluates surgeon's skill at 3 levels based on the number of surgical experiences, and global operative assessment of laparoscopic skills (GOALS) which is a type of surgical skill evaluation index were established. By using the explainable AI method, this system can present the skill evaluation result including its basis to the trainee. Since the developed system can be easily operated by a GUI-based program, trainees can confirm the quantitative evaluation result on-site immediately after the training.

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Thermo-Mechanical Analysis of the Fuel Assembly of Transformational Challenge Reactor

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Zhu, Jun Li, Wenqiang Zhang, Qi Xin, Yong Li, Chenxi Wei, Chuanfu Teng, Diwang School of Mechanical Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu610065 China Innovation Method and Creative Design Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu610065 China National Key Laboratory of Nuclear Reactor Technology Nuclear Power Institute of China Chengdu610041 China

The Transformational Challenge Reactor (TCR) is a novel high-temperature gas-cooled reactor based on advanced manufacturing technologies. In the reactor, the contact between fuel elements might lead to the maximum principal stress exceeding the safe stress limit, thereby affecting the reactor's safety. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the stress on fuel elements considering the contact situation. This paper divides the structural contact elements and employs the finite element method (FEM) for temperature analysis of fuel assemblies based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Additionally, it conducts a stress analysis on eight layers of fuel within the fuel contact element unit cell. The results indicate that the maximum stress level of the fuel elements reaches 60.88% of the tensile strength. The maximum stress point is located on the surface of the Internal cooling channel, where the thermal expansion of the fuel causes excessive mechanical stress due to radial compression. By considering initial gaps between the fuel elements in horizontal direction, the maximum stress is reduced, and the effectiveness of these gaps is verified. Stress evaluation was performed according to the ASME standards for SiC composite materials. All stress components were within the safe range, confirming the structural integrity. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Silicon carbide

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design opportunities for supporting elderly in India in managing their health and fitness post-covid-19 20

Design opportunities for supporting elderly in India in mana...

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11th Indian Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, IndiaHCI 2020

作者： Rao, Pallavi Joshi, Anirudha Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management and Engineering Mumbai India Idc School of Design IIT-Bombay Mumbai India

ISBN: (纸本)9781450389440

The percentage of elderly population in India has been increasing in recent years and so have been lifestyle-related conditions such as cardiovascular diseases. In order to live an active and healthy life, it is important for elderly to manage their routine health and fitness activities such as exercising, following nutrition and diet etc. This need has become pressing after the COVID-19 lockdowns. Though there are many technology artefacts designed to motivate and help elderly people live a healthy lifestyle, adoption of such artefacts remains low for this population. In this paper, we present findings from interviews with 15 elderly people related to their needs and preferences about health and fitness, and their attitudes and knowledge about using technology to support these. Our main finding was that though there is an increase in technology usage by the elderly, much of it is restricted to communication and content consumption and not towards managing health and fitness. After the interview, we demonstrated selected applications and devices to the participants in order to understand their perceptions on existing technology in the market in managing their health and fitness. Based on participants' perceptions towards technology and their needs related to routine health and fitness, we highlight some design opportunities including smart trackers, wearable bands, localized food and recipe app, language-based personalization and setting up "tech clinics"to help elderly to manage their health and fitness. © 2020 ACM.

关键词： COVID-19

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Research on control strategies for rapid load decrease events in fluoride salt reactor-supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle systems

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Nuclear engineering and design 2025年 439卷

作者： Shichang, Yun Xinyu, Li Dalin, Zhang Ping, Song Wenxi, Tian Suizheng, Qiu Guanghui, Su State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology School of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China State Key Laboratory of Marine Thermal Power Technology Wuhan Second Ship Design and Research Institute Wuhan China

This study delves into the control strategies for the Fluoride-salt-cooled High-temperature Reactor-Supercritical CO2 (SCO2) Brayton cycle power generation system under rapid grid load reduction scenarios. By developing a dynamic simulation model, the system's dynamic response characteristics under rapid load changes were analyzed, and a combined control strategy emphasizing safety, speed, and economic efficiency was proposed. The research first compared the dynamic response characteristics and steady-state performance of different bypass configurations under load rejection conditions. The computational results indicate that all three bypass control systems exhibit excellent load-following capabilities, effectively responding to a 50 % load step change within 10 s. However, significant differences were observed in their steady-state thermodynamic performance: the upper cycle bypass control achieves the highest steady-state efficiency (η = 29.92 %), followed by the turbine bypass control (η = 27.50 %), with the heat source bypass control showing relatively lower efficiency (η = 26.49 %). Although the upper cycle bypass offers superior efficiency, it leads to a substantial increase in the working fluid flow through the compressor (ΔQ = 15 %) during operation, raising the risk of compressor blockage and necessitating additional flow restriction and anti-blocking interlock control systems. Considering system safety, control complexity, and engineering feasibility, the turbine bypass system, with its relative independence and lower operational risk, is deemed more suitable as the primary control strategy for load rejection conditions. Building on this, the study proposes a combined control strategy that leverages the strengths of both bypass control and inventory control. During the initial phase of rapid load reduction, the bypass control system quickly adjusts the turbine bypass valve opening to promptly respond to grid load changes, ensuring system frequency stability

关键词： Frequency stability

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Influence of AC and DC lines erected on the same tower on the electrical characteristics of DC system under steady-state operation

Influence of AC and DC lines erected on the same tower on th...

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Electrical engineering and Automation (IFEEA), International Forum on

作者： Yang Shen Fei Yu Qingjian Wang Zhida Kong Yang Dong Wentao Huang Yongxia Han Power Transformation Department of Power Grid Engineering Company China Energy Construction Group Guangdong Electric Power Design Institute Co. Ltd. Guangzhou China School of Electric Power Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China

Faced with the rapid increase of power demand in load center and the shortage of transmission corridor, it is urgent to explore the possibility of erecting UHV/HVDC transmission lines and AC transmission lines on the same tower. Therefore, based on the topology and parameters of a ± 800kV UHVDC transmission project, this paper builds a model in PSCAD/EMTDC electromagnetic transient simulation software to study and analyze the influence of six influencing factors on the AC/DC electrical characteristics on the same tower during steady-state operation. The simulation results show that the AC and DC lines erected on the same tower have significant influence on the DC current of the converter transformer, but have little influence on the equivalent interference current in the DC line and the harmonic distortion rate of the AC bus voltage at the converter station. The factors, such as the length of the same tower section, the participation of the grounding electrode in the same tower, the transmission capacity of the AC system and the operation mode of the AC system have great influence on the DC current in the converter transformer. On the whole, new requirements will be put forward for the DC current of converter transformer. The engineering design requirements can be met from optimizing protective measures and improving the electrical indices of equipment.

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Summer Outdoor Thermal Risk Area Mapping on a University Campus in Auckland, New Zealand

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Hashemi, Saghar Ghaffarianhoseini, Amirhosein Ghaffarianhoseini, Ali Naismith, Nicola Barmomanesh, Sahar Sailor, David Berardi, Umberto Department of Built Environment Engineering School ofFuture Environments Faculty of Design and Creative Technologies Auckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand School of Engineering Computer and Mathematical Sciences Faculty ofDesign and Creative Technologies Auckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning Arizona State University United States Faculty of Architectural Science Toronto Metropolitan University Toronto Canada

This study aimed to identify thermal risk areas at the city campus of Auckland University of technology (AUT), New Zealand, and analyze future thermal patterns using Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) simulations for the summers of 2050 and 2080. A multi-layered approach involving hazard, exposure, and vulnerability layers was used. High thermal stress areas were identified based on PET values exceeding 23°C, exposure zones were determined by analyzing usage intensity which means dividing the number of people within a specific zone by the total number of people present in the entire selected location, and vulnerability areas were identified through participant questionnaires. Two locations were investigated and future climate data based on the climate change world weather file generators (CCWorldWeatherGen) and represent concentration pathways (RCPs) namely the RCP8.5 projected increased PET values for both locations. Proposed scenarios for mitigating thermal stress involved introducing greenery. Replacing a concrete wall with a green wall in location one resulted in a 2°C average PET reduction (from 22°C to 20°C), and planting trees in location two led to a 3°C average PET reduction (from 25°C to 22°C). The findings provide valuable insights for urban planners and architects in New Zealand, aiding in the identification of thermal risk areas and the implementation of strategies to enhance outdoor spaces' livability in different urban contexts. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Location

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Investigating the Security Issues of Multi-layer IoT Attacks Using Machine Learning Techniques

Investigating the Security Issues of Multi-layer IoT Attacks...

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Human-Centered Cognitive Systems (HCCS)

作者： Badeea Al Sukhni Jugal M. Dave Soumya K. Manna Leishi Zhang School of Engineering Technology and Design Canterbury Christ Church University Canterbury United Kingdom Directorate of Research and Publications Rashtriya Raksha University Gujarat India

The rapid growth of the IoT applications in smart homes, medical devices and industry 4.0 has brought huge benefits to our society and industry however faces several challenges in terms of security and privacy issues. Due to its heterogeneous architecture, lack of standard security frameworks between layers, lack of secured communication protocols and lack of resources of power, memory and cryptographic functions on edge control, current IoT devices are prone to security attacks at all three main layers: application, network, and physical layer. While there are some attacks such as Sybil, Blackhole, and Malware usually target a specific layer of IoT architecture, other attacks like DDoS and MITM can compromise the security across multiple layers. These types of attacks not only result in the loss of control over sensitive data and the theft of personal information, but they also result in financial and reputational damages. In recent years, the majority of the research has been carried out to develop robust intrusion detection technologies to safeguard the IoT from a wide range of security attacks, either through novel secure network protocols, the use of firmware or encryption techniques. It is also important to detect IoT attacks at different layers while securing it. Consequently various supervised and unsupervised machine learning (ML) techniques have been found to be effective in detecting them. There is still a lack of research for detecting multilayer attacks as well as new types of attacks in IoT devices. Hence a thorough investigation of multi-layer Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) is provided in this article to identify a wide variety of multi-layer attacks and their behavioural patterns. The list of effective ML algorithms is also reviewed along with their training datasets. We have highlighted the challenges and opportunities for future directions of multi-layer intrusion detection research through the taxonomy of multi-layer attacks. We aim to develop

关键词： Training Privacy Protocols Taxonomy Intrusion detection Machine learning Smart homes

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