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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhou, Yifei Huang, Xuchu Yang, Jianyi Ni, Kai Amrouch, Hussam Zhuo, Cheng Yin, Xunzhao Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Department of Electrical Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame United States AI Processor Design Technical University of Munich TUM School of Computation Information and Technology Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence Munich Germany Key Laboratory of Collaborative Sensing and Autonomous Unmanned Systems of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou China

Compute-in-memory (CiM) is a promising solution for addressing the challenges of artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) hardware such as"memory wall" issue. Specifically, CiM employing nonvolatile memory (NVM) devices in a crossbar structure can efficiently accelerate multiply-accumulation (MAC) computation, a crucial operator in neural networks among various AI models. Low power CiM designs are thus highly desired for further energy efficiency optimization on AI models. Ferroelectric FET (FeFET), an emerging device, is attractive for building ultra-low power CiM array due to CMOS compatibility, high ION/IOFF ratio, etc. Recent studies have explored FeFET based CiM designs that achieve low power consumption. Nevertheless, subthreshold-operated FeFETs, where the operating voltages are scaled down to the subthreshold region to reduce array power consumption, are particularly vulnerable to temperature drift, leading to accuracy degradation. To address this challenge, we propose a temperature-resilient 2T-1FeFET CiM design that performs MAC operations reliably at subthreahold region from 0°C to 85°C, while consuming ultra-low power. Benchmarked against the VGG neural network architecture running the CIFAR-10 dataset, the proposed 2T-1FeFET CiM design achieves 89.45% CIFAR-10 test accuracy. Compared to previous FeFET based CiM designs, it exhibits immunity to temperature drift at an 8-bit wordlength scale, and achieves better energy efficiency with 2866 TOPS/W. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy efficiency

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Continuous and Autonomous Digital Twinning of Large-Scale Dynamic Indoor Environments

Continuous and Autonomous Digital Twinning of Large-Scale Dy...

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IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and engineering (CASE)

作者： Michael G. Adam Martin Piccolrovazzi Ahmed Dalloul Christian Werner Eckehard Steinbach Department of Computer Engineering Chair of Media Technology Technical University of Munich School of Computation Information and Technology Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence (MIRMI) Munich Germany Hemminger Ingenieurbüro GmbH Esslingen am Neckar Germany NavVis GmbH Munich Germany

In the context of Industry 4.0, the interest in digitalizing manufacturing environments is steadily increasing. Hence, the need of a frequently updated digital twin of the facilities is also growing. In order to create a digital twin, specialized hardware is used to capture data with lidars and cameras. The data is then processed by a SLAM algorithm. However, the data acquisition process is typically done manually by multiple employees. This requires dedicated training and many working hours and hence is not feasible to do on a daily basis. In this paper, we present a solution to automate the data acquisition process, by combining an autonomous mobile robot and a scanning device. We show that the quality of the resulting point clouds matches the one of the manual scanning process and is hence ready to be deployed in real environments.

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Quality of Task Perception based Performance Optimization of Time-delayed Teleoperation

Quality of Task Perception based Performance Optimization of...

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IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Communication (ROMAN)

作者： Siwen Liu Xiao Xu Zican Wang Dong Yang Zhi Jin Eckehard Steinbach Department of Computer Engineering School of Computation Information and Technology Chair of Media Technology (LMT) and Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence (MIRMI) Technical University of Munich (TUM) Germany Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University and Sun Yat-Sen University China

This paper proposes a Quality-of-Task-Perception (QoTP) based performance optimization approach for bilateral haptic teleoperation. For time-delayed teleoperation, stabilizing control schemes are combined with communication and data reduction algorithms to ensure stability, transparency, and Quality of Experience (QoE). An adaptive control scheme switching strategy to improve the QoE of teleoperation considering network quality of service (QoS) and quality of control (QoC) is proposed in our previous work. In this paper, we introduce a novel concept named quality of task perception (QoTP) to optimize teleoperation from another dimension in addition to QoS and QoC. QoTP represents the pre-cognition of the task and the accuracy of the environment restoration. The proposed optimization approach is applied to a haptic teleoperation system with switchable control schemes (prediction-based or passivity-based). An environment restoration model is set on the leader side using the least squares method (LSM) to fit different environment models and provide force feedback without the influence of round-trip delay. We also evaluate the system performance with different delays, control schemes, and model complexities both objectively and subjectively. Our experiments validate the proposed approach and show that the QoE performance increases when selecting the more accurate environment restoration model in the QoTP dimension considering the system’s computing power.

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TReCiM: Lower Power and Temperature-Resilient Multibit 2FeFET-1T Compute-in-Memory design

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhou, Yifei Kämpfe, Thomas Ni, Kai Amrouch, Hussam Zhuo, Cheng Yin, Xunzhao Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Fraunhofer IPMS Dresden Germany Department of Electrical Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame United States Technical University of Munich TUM School of Computation Information and Technology Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence Munich Germany Key Laboratory of Collaborative Sensing and Autonomous Unmanned Systems of Zhejiang Province China

Compute-in-memory (CiM) emerges as a promising solution to solve hardware challenges in artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT), particularly addressing the"memory wall" issue. By utilizing nonvolatile memory (NVM) devices in a crossbar structure, CiM efficiently accelerates multiply-accumulate (MAC) computations, the crucial operations in neural networks and other AI models. Among various NVM devices, Ferroelectric FET (FeFET) is particularly appealing for ultra-low-power CiM arrays due to its CMOS compatibility, voltage-driven write/read mechanisms and high ION/IOFF ratio. Moreover, subthreshold-operated FeFETs, which operate at scaling voltages in the subthreshold region, can further minimize the power consumption of CiM array. However, subthreshold-FeFETs are susceptible to temperature drift, resulting in computation accuracy degradation. Existing solutions exhibit weak temperature resilience at larger array size and only support 1-bit. In this paper, we propose TReCiM, an ultra-low-power temperature-resilient multibit 2FeFET-1T CiM design that reliably performs MAC operations in the subthreshold-FeFET region with temperature ranging from 0°C to 85°C at scale. We benchmark our design using NeuroSim framework in the context of VGG-8 neural network architecture running the CIFAR-10 dataset. Benchmarking results suggest that when considering temperature drift impact, our proposed TReCiM array achieves 91.31% accuracy, with 1.86% accuracy improvement compared to existing 1-bit 2T-1FeFET CiM array. Furthermore, our proposed design achieves 48.03 TOPS/W energy efficiency at system level, comparable to existing designs with smaller technology feature sizes. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Benchmarking

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Low Power and Temperature- Resilient Compute-In-Memory Based on Subthreshold-FeFET

Low Power and Temperature- Resilient Compute-In-Memory Based...

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design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition

作者： Yifei Zhou Xuchu Huang Jianyi Yang Kai Ni Hussam Amrouch Cheng Zhuo Xunzhao Yin Zhejiang University Hangzhou China ZJU - Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou China Department of Electrical Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame USA Chair of AI Processor Design Technical University of Munich TUM School of Computation Information and Technology Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence Munich Germany Key Laboratory of Collaborative Sensing and Autonomous Unmanned Systems of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou China

ISBN: (数字)9783981926385

ISBN: (纸本)9798350348606

Compute-in-memory (CiM) is a promising solution for addressing the challenges of artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) hardware such as “memory wall” issue. Specifically, CiM employing nonvolatile memory (NVM) devices in a crossbar structure can efficiently accelerate multiply-accumulation (MAC) computation, a crucial operator in neural networks among various AI models. Low power CiM designs are thus highly desired for further energy efficiency optimization on AI models. Ferroelectric FET (FeFET), an emerging device, is attractive for building ultra-low power CiM array due to CMOS compatibility, high ION / $I$ O F F ratio, etc. Recent studies have explored FeFET based CiM designs that achieve low power consumption. Nevertheless, subthreshold-operated FeFETs, where the operating voltages are scaled down to the subthreshold region to reduce array power consumption, are particularly vulnerable to temperature drift, leading to accuracy degradation. To address this challenge, we propose a temperature-resilient 2T-1FeFET CiM design that performs MAC operations reliably at subthreahold region from 0°C to 85°C, while consuming ultra-low power. Benchmarked against the VGG neural network architecture running the CIFAR-10 dataset, the proposed 2T1FeFET CiM design achieves 89.45% CIFAR-10 test accuracy. Compared to previous FeFET based CiM designs, it exhibits immunity to temperature drift at an 8-bit wordlength scale, and achieves better energy efficiency with 2866 TOPS/W.

关键词： Semiconductor device modeling Power demand Nonvolatile memory Microprocessors Neural networks Computer architecture Energy efficiency

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Performance analysis for a degrading system with Markov model 32nd

Performance analysis for a degrading system with Markov mode...

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32nd European Safety and Reliability Conference, ESREL 2022

作者： Zhang, Aibo Wu, Zhiying Wang, Yukun Xie, Min Center for Intelligent Multidimensional Data Analysis Hong Kong Science Park Shatin Hong Kong Department of Advanced Design and Systems Engineering City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation Chinese Academy of Sciences Hong Kong School of Economics and Management Tianjin Chengjian University Tianjin300384 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789811851834

Most mechanical engineering systems experience deterioration due to several practical factors such as aging, usage etc. This results in the degradation of its performance. Although the deterioration is continuous in nature, it is not always practically possible to measure the deterioration especially in the case of subsea systems. In such cases the performance of these systems is represented by multiple finite states in their lifetimes where various levels of degradation are represented by these states. Generally, the degradation process is divided into two stages, i.e., the normal and defective stages. Thus, there are three possible states for the system: normal, defective, and failed. The Markov approach has been utilized heavily for reliability analysis of such systems. However, most of the Markov models rely on an accurately exponentially distributed transition rate, which is unrealistic in certain cases. In reality, there are some uncertainties in the transition rates thanks to the limits of prior knowledge. This paper presents a multi-phase Markov model-based performance evaluation model for a three-state system with uncertainties in transition rates. The transition rates are assumed following Beta distribution with known lower and upper bounds. The average system unavailability in a given life cycle is employed to quantify system performance. © 2022 ESREL2022 Organizers. Published by Research Publishing, Singapore.

关键词： Reliability analysis

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Diff9D: Diffusion-Based Domain-Generalized Category-Level 9-DoF Object Pose Estimation

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Liu, Jian Sun, Wei Yang, Hui Deng, Pengchao Liu, Chongpei Sebe, Nicu Rahmani, Hossein Mian, Ajmal National Engineering Research Center for Robot Visual Perception and Control Technology College of Electrical and Information Engineering School of Robotics State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body Hunan University Changsha410082 China Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science University of Trento Trento38123 Italy School of Computing and Communications Lancaster University LA1 4YW United Kingdom Department of Computer Science The University of Western Australia WA6009 Australia

Nine-degrees-of-freedom (9-DoF) object pose and size estimation is crucial for enabling augmented reality and robotic manipulation. Category-level methods have received extensive research attention due to their potential for generalization to intra-class unknown objects. However, these methods require manual collection and labeling of large-scale real-world training data. To address this problem, we introduce a diffusion-based paradigm for domain-generalized category-level 9-DoF object pose estimation. Our motivation is to leverage the latent generalization ability of the diffusion model to address the domain generalization challenge in object pose estimation. This entails training the model exclusively on rendered synthetic data to achieve generalization to real-world scenes. We propose an effective diffusion model to redefine 9-DoF object pose estimation from a generative perspective. Our model does not require any 3D shape priors during training or inference. By employing the Denoising Diffusion Implicit Model, we demonstrate that the reverse diffusion process can be executed in as few as 3 steps, achieving near real-time performance. Finally, we design a robotic grasping system comprising both hardware and software components. Through comprehensive experiments on two benchmark datasets and the real-world robotic system, we show that our method achieves state-of-the-art domain generalization performance. Our code will be made public at https://***/CNJianLiu/Diff9D. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Augmented reality

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F3LOW: FRAME-TO-FRAME COARSE-GRAINED MOLECULAR DYNAMICS WITH SE(3) GUIDED FLOW MATCHING

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Li, Shaoning Wang, Yusong Li, Mingyu Zhang, Jian Shao, Bin Zheng, Nanning Tang, Jian Mila - Québec AI Institute Canada Université de Montréal Canada Microsoft Research AI4Science National Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Hybrid Augmented Intelligence National Engineering Research Center for Visual Information and Applications Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Xi’an Jiaotong University China Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine China HEC Montréal Canada Canada

Molecular dynamics (MD) is a crucial technique for simulating biological systems, enabling the exploration of their dynamic nature and fostering an understanding of their functions and properties. To address exploration inefficiency, emerging enhanced sampling approaches like coarse-graining (CG) and generative models have been employed. In this work, we propose a Frame-to-Frame generative model with guided Flow-matching (F3low) for enhanced sampling, which (a) extends the domain of CG modeling to the SE(3) Riemannian manifold;(b) retreating CGMD simulations as autoregressively sampling guided by the former frame via flow-matching models;(c) targets the protein backbone, offering improved insights into secondary structure formation and intricate folding pathways. Compared to previous methods, F3low allows for broader exploration of conformational space. The ability to rapidly generate diverse conformations via force-free generative paradigm on SE(3) paves the way toward efficient enhanced sampling methods. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Molecular dynamics

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A Mars Multi-terrain Simulator Using a Modular Terrain Construction Framework

A Mars Multi-terrain Simulator Using a Modular Terrain Const...

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On-Line Conference (ONCON), Industrial Electronics Society Annual

作者： Yun Jiang Meibao Yao Bo Zheng Tao Hu Tao Cao Xueming Xiao Intelligent Robotics Lab (IRL) School of Artificial Intelligence Jilin University Changchun China Engineering Research Center of Knowledge-Driven Human-Machine Intelligence Ministry of Education China Shanghai Aerospace Control Technology Institute Shanghai China CVIR Lab Changchun University of Science and Technology Changchun China Key Lab of Optoelectronic Measurement and Optical Information Transmission Technology

Mars exploration tasks are inseparable from the support of robotic equipment. More comprehensive environmental awareness capabilities can improve the efficiency of robots on the surface of Mars. Artificial neural networks have emerged as pivotal tools in enhancing the perceptual capabilities of robots. The cornerstone of effective neural network training lies in the availability of high-quality data. Regrettably, the unstructured terrains, particularly the Martian landscape, lack real-world datasets with high-quality annotations. To overcome this challenge, using simulators to generate large amounts of high-quality data for researchers is a good option. Nonetheless, the creation of these simulators requires complex details such as ground texture characteristics and rock distribution, which increases research costs. In response, we introduce a novel approach – the modular terrain construction framework and construct a Mars multi-terrain simulator based on it. This innovative simulator not only simplifies the simulation process but also grants users the flexibility to alter it to their specific research needs. One of the standout features of our simulator is its capacity to generate rich metadata, such as semantic and depth, which can be used seamlessly for a multitude of downstream applications. To validate the reliability of the data produced by our simulator, we have assessed its performance on a semantic segmentation task.

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Co-Optimization Method for Modular Robots Based on Evolutionary Algorithm

Co-Optimization Method for Modular Robots Based on Evolution...

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On-Line Conference (ONCON), Industrial Electronics Society Annual

作者： Peng Zhao Meibao Yao Bo Zheng Xueming Xiao Intelligent Robotics Lab (IRL) School of Artificial Intelligence Jilin University Changchun China Engineering Research Center of Knowledge-Driven Human-Machine Intelligence Ministry of Education China Shanghai Aerospace Control Technology Institute Shanghai China CVIR Lab Changchun University of Science and Technology Changchun China Key Lab of Optoelectronic Measurement and Optical Information Transmission Technology

Deploying robots instead of human labor in complex and hazardous environments is a highly effective strategy. However, current fixed-configuration robot platforms struggle to meet the demanding exploration requirements in non-structured environments. In contrast, reconfigurable modular robots are able to adjust their configurations in response to environmental and task requirements, thereby offering immense potential for tackling complex exploration tasks in unstructured environments. This versatility of reconfigurable modular robots allows them to better adapt to various environmental and task demands, such as using snake or caterpillar configurations to navigate narrow holes, or quadruped configurations to traverse rugged terrain. However, the current research on modular robots primarily focuses on optimizing either their own configurations or solely the motion control model, potentially limiting their adaptability to the environment and hindering the full realization of their reconfigurability. To address this limitation, this paper improves upon traditional EA and proposes a configuration-motion co-optimization method and a new encoding method for modular robots, which jointly models and optimizes both configuration and motion. The method includes dynamic encoding of configuration-motion and the design of compatible operators, effectively enhancing the adaptive capabilities of modular robots in complex environments. The method was validated using the Webots platform, and the results demonstrate successful generation of adaptable reconfiguration schemes for various terrains. Compared to traditional EA, this method has shown superior performance in handling diverse tasks.

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