This paper addresses the verification of strong currentstate opacity with respect to real-time observations generated from a discrete-event system that is modeled with time labeled Petri nets. The standard current-sta...
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This paper addresses the verification of strong currentstate opacity with respect to real-time observations generated from a discrete-event system that is modeled with time labeled Petri nets. The standard current-state opacity cannot completely characterize higher-level security. To ensure the higher-level security requirements of a time-dependent system, we propose a strong version of opacity known as strong current-state opacity. For any path(state-event sequence with time information)π derived from a real-time observation that ends at a secret state, the strong current-state opacity of the real-time observation signifies that there is a non-secret path with the same real-time observation as π. We propose general and non-secret state class graphs, which characterize the general and non-secret states of time-dependent systems, respectively. To capture the observable behavior of non-secret states, a non-secret observer is ***, we develop a structure called a real-time concurrent verifier to verify the strong current-state opacity of time labeled Petri nets. This approach is efficient since the real-time concurrent verifier can be constructed by solving a certain number of linear programming problems.
The precise detection and measurement of dopamine（DA）,a crucial neurotransmitter in the human body,plays a significant role in diagnosing,preventing,and treating neurological diseases associated with its levels.A hi...
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The precise detection and measurement of dopamine（DA）,a crucial neurotransmitter in the human body,plays a significant role in diagnosing,preventing,and treating neurological diseases associated with its levels.A highly sensitive DA electrochemical sensor was constructed by combining molybdenum disulfide quantum dots（MSQDs） with multiwalled carbon nanotubes（MWCNTs）.The MSQDs were synthesized using the shear exfoliation *** sensors consist of MSQDs with Mo-S edge catalytic centers for the DA redox reaction,and MWCNTs amplify the sensor *** linearity of the sensor for the detection of DA was tested in the presence of ascorbic acid(AA,50 μmol·L-1) and uric acid(UA,200 μmol·L-1),and exhibited linearity from 2 to 966 μmol·L-1of DA with 0.097 μA(mol·L-1)-1sensitivity and a low limit of detection of0.6 μmol·L-1（the ratio between signal and noise,S/N=3）.Moreover,the sensitivity and selectivity of the sensor were also studied using *** is no increase in amperometric current after adding the most potentially interfering *** sensor was successfully applied to recover DA in human blood sera ***,machine learning algorithms were operated to aid in the near-precise detection of DA in the heterogeneous mixture containing AA and *** algorithms facilitate the identification and quantification of DA amidst coexisting interferents,including AA,that are commonly present in biological matrices.
Sodium metal batteries(SMBs)are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage devices owing to their excellent safety performance and natural abunda nce of ***,the insurmountable obstacles of dendrite format...
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Sodium metal batteries(SMBs)are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage devices owing to their excellent safety performance and natural abunda nce of ***,the insurmountable obstacles of dendrite formation and quick capacity decay are caused by an unstable and inhomogeneous solid electrolyte interphase that resulted from the immediate interactions between the Na metal anode and organic liquid ***,a customised glass fibre separator coupled with chitosan(CS@GF)was developed to modulate the sodium ion(Na^(+))*** CS@GF separator facilitates the Na+homogeneous deposition on the anode side through redistribution at the chitosan polyactive sites and by inhibiting the decomposition of the electrolyte to robust solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)*** simulations show that chitosan incorporated into SMBs through the separator can make the local electric field around the anode uniform,thus facilitating the transfer of ***|Na symmetric cells utilising a CS@GF separator exhibited an outstanding cycle stability of over 600 h(0.5 mA cm^(-2)).Meanwhile,the Na|Na_(3)V_(5)(PO_(4))_(3)full cell exhibited excellent fast-charging performance(93.47%capacity retention after 1500 cycles at 5C).This study presents a promising strategy for inhibiting dendrite growth and realizes stable Na metal batteries,which significantly boosts the development of high-performance SMBs.
Proximal gradient algorithms are popularly implemented to achieve convex optimization with nonsmooth regularization. Obtaining the exact solution of the proximal operator for nonsmooth regularization is challenging be...
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Proximal gradient algorithms are popularly implemented to achieve convex optimization with nonsmooth regularization. Obtaining the exact solution of the proximal operator for nonsmooth regularization is challenging because errors exist in the computation of the gradient; consequently, the design and application of inexact proximal gradient algorithms have attracted considerable attention from researchers. This paper proposes computationally efficient basic and inexact proximal gradient descent algorithms with random reshuffling. The proposed stochastic algorithms take randomly reshuffled data to perform successive gradient descents and implement only one proximal operator after all data pass through. We prove the convergence results of the proposed proximal gradient algorithms under the sampling-without-replacement reshuffling *** computational errors exist in gradients and proximal operations, the proposed inexact proximal gradient algorithms can converge to an optimal solution neighborhood. Finally, we apply the proposed algorithms to compressed sensing and compare their efficiency with some popular algorithms.
Lithium plating is a detrimental phenomenon in lithium-ion cells that compromises both functionality and *** study investigates electro-chemo-mechanical behaviors of lithium plating in lithium iron phosphate pouch cel...
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Lithium plating is a detrimental phenomenon in lithium-ion cells that compromises both functionality and *** study investigates electro-chemo-mechanical behaviors of lithium plating in lithium iron phosphate pouch cells under different external *** force microscopy nanoindentation is performed on the graphite electrode to analyze the influence of external pressure on solid-electrolyte interphase(SEI),revealing that the mechanical strength of SEI,indicated by Young's modulus,increases with the presence of external ***,an improved phase field model for lithium plating is developed by incorporating electrochemical parameterization based on nonequilibrium *** results demonstrate that higher pressure promotes lateral lithium deposition,covering a larger area of ***,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and thickness measurements of the pouch cells are conducted during overcharge,showing that external pressure suppresses gas generation and thus increases the proportion of lithium deposition among galvanostatic overcharge *** integrating experimental results with numerical simulations,it is demonstrated that moderate pressure mitigates SEI damage during lithium plating,while both insufficient and excessive pressure may exacerbate *** study offers new insights into optimizing the design and operation of lithium iron phosphate pouch cells under external pressures.
Carbon materials are widely recognized as highly promising electrode materials for various energy storage system *** tar residues(CTR),as a type of carbon-rich solid waste with high value-added utilization,are crucial...
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Carbon materials are widely recognized as highly promising electrode materials for various energy storage system *** tar residues(CTR),as a type of carbon-rich solid waste with high value-added utilization,are crucially important for the development of a more sustainable *** this study,we employed a straightforward direct carbonization method within the temperature range of 700-1000℃to convert the worthless solid waste CTR into economically valuable carbon materials as anodes for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs).The effect of carbonization temperature on the microstructure and the potassium ions storage properties of CTR-derived carbons(CTRCs)were systematically explored by structural and morphological characterization,alongside electrochemical performances *** on the co-regulation between the turbine layers,crystal structure,pore structure,functional groups,and electrical conductivity of CTR-derived carbon carbonized at 900℃(CTRC-900H),the electrode material with high reversible capacity of 265.6m Ah·g^(-1)at 50 m A·g^(-1),a desirable cycling stability with 93.8%capacity retention even after 100 cycles,and the remarkable rate performance for PIBs were ***,cyclic voltammetry(CV)at different scan rates and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique(GITT)have been employed to explore the potassium ions storage mechanism and electrochemical kinetics of *** indicate that the electrode behavior is predominantly governed by surface-induced capacitive processes,particularly under high current densities,with the potassium storage mechanism characterized by an“adsorption-weak intercalation”*** work highlights the potential of CTR-based carbon as a promising electrode material category suitable for high-performance PIBs electrodes,while also provides valuable insights into the new avenues for the high value-added utilization of CTR.
Many studies have been conducted on the implementation of game theory approaches in optimizing energy trading and scheduling in multi-microgrid (MMG) systems, both in cooperative and non-cooperative games. This is bec...
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Inverse problem-solving methods have found applications in various fields,such as structural mechanics,acoustics,and non-destructive ***,accurately solving inverse problems becomes challenging when observed data are *...
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Inverse problem-solving methods have found applications in various fields,such as structural mechanics,acoustics,and non-destructive ***,accurately solving inverse problems becomes challenging when observed data are ***,advancements in computer science have paved the way for data-based methods,enabling the discovery of nonlinear relationships within diverse data *** this paper,a step-by-step completion method of displacement information is introduced and a data-driven approach for predicting structural parameters is *** accuracy of the proposed approach is 23.83%higher than that of the Genetic Algorithm,demonstrating the outstanding accuracy and efficiency of the data-driven *** work establishes a framework for solving mechanical inverse problems by leveraging a data-based method,and proposes a promising avenue for extending the application of the data-driven approach to structural health monitoring.
Geldart Group C powders are inherently cohesive due to the strong interparticle forces,leading to severe agglomeration and poor fluidization *** this study,fluidization of nano-modulated Group C particles was investig...
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Geldart Group C powders are inherently cohesive due to the strong interparticle forces,leading to severe agglomeration and poor fluidization *** this study,fluidization of nano-modulated Group C particles was investigated *** particles,also known as Group C+particles,were obtained through the nanoparticle modulation technique,with which a small fraction of nanoparticles were vigorously mixed with Group C particles so that they are adhered to the surface of the much larger Group C *** modification,the cohesiveness of Group C+particle was significantly weakened,and therefore these particles could exhibit much better fluidization ***,the still existing cohesion resulted in the formation of small agglomerates within the *** understand the internal agglomeration mechanisms of Group C+particles and their impact on fluidization behaviors,a new drag model was proposed based on experimental results and the postulation of particle *** numerical results of the cases employing the new drag model agreed well with the experimental data in terms of total and dense phase *** findings revealed the drag mechanism associated with modified Group C particles,contributing to the understanding of ultrafine particle fluidization.
Under the condition of large inertia load,the stability of the servo system is more sensitive to the response speed and more likely to produce overshoot *** order to realize the requirements of high-precision and fast...
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Under the condition of large inertia load,the stability of the servo system is more sensitive to the response speed and more likely to produce overshoot *** order to realize the requirements of high-precision and fast-response control of permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)under large inertia load,an improved feedforward control strategy based on position impulse compensation and PD iterative algorithm is proposed to improve the response speed of the PMSM servo system and reduce the overshoot *** paper analyzes the mathematical models of the speed servo system and position servo system of the PMSM,calculates position overshoot impulse of the PMSM servo system,and improves the traditional feedforward control strategy to reversely compensate when the position is about to ***,in order to further reduce the position overshoot,the PD iterative control algorithm is superimposed without increasing the complexity of the *** input signal is continuously corrected through multiple runs to achieve a smoother response *** effectiveness of the proposed feedforward control strategy is verified by simulation and experiment.
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