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Dual-Circularly Polarized Miniaturized Metasurface-Loaded Rhombic Loop Broadband Antenna for Sub-6 GHz 5G RFEH Applications

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Progress in Electromagnetics Research M 2025年 133卷 21-31页

作者： Sharma, Sanjay Kumar Khan, Taimoor Singh, Hitendra Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Maharishi School of Engineering & Technology Maharishi University of Information Technology UP Lucknow India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering National Institute of Technology Silchar Assam Silchar India

In this paper, a dual-circularly polarized (DCP), metasurface-loaded broadband antenna is designed to operate across frequencies covering the Sub-6 GHz 5G band for RF energy harvesting (RFEH) applications. The DCP antenna can collect RF energy both left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) and right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) waves by the same antenna. In this view, the antenna structure features two crossed metallic strips enclosed within symmetrically loaded metallic rhombic loops. Unequal strip widths in the rhombic loops enhance gain and improve impedance matching. A partial ground plane on the bottom layer fine-tunes the operating frequency, while the metasurface boosts antenna gain. A prototype with optimized dimensions was fabricated, and the results, both experimental and simulated, demonstrated excellent agreement. © 2025, Electromagnetics Academy. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy harvesting

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Aligning enhanced feature representation for generalized zero-shot learning

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第2期68卷 74-88页

作者： Zhiyu FANG Xiaobin ZHU Chun YANG Hongyang ZHOU Jingyan QIN Xu-Cheng YIN School of Computer & Communication Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing

Constructing an effective common latent embedding by aligning the latent spaces of cross-modal variational autoencoders（VAEs） is a popular strategy for generalized zero-shot learning（GZSL）. However, due to the lack of fine-grained instance-wise annotations, existing VAE methods can easily suffer from the posterior collapse problem. In this paper, we propose an innovative asymmetric VAE network by aligning enhanced feature representation（AEFR） for GZSL. Distinguished from general VAE structures, we designed two asymmetric encoders for visual and semantic observations and one decoder for visual reconstruction. Specifically, we propose a simple yet effective gated attention mechanism（GAM） in the visual encoder for enhancing the information interaction between observations and latent variables, alleviating the possible posterior collapse problem effectively. In addition, we propose a novel distributional decoupling-based contrastive learning（D2-CL） to guide learning classification-relevant information while aligning the representations at the taxonomy level in the latent representation space. Extensive experiments on publicly available datasets demonstrate the state-of-the-art performance of our method. The source code is available at https://***/seeyourmind/AEFR.

关键词： generalized zero-shot learning gated attention mechanism contrastive learning multi-modal alignment

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Intelligent integrated sensing and communication:a survey

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第3期68卷 5-46页

作者： Jifa ZHANG Weidang LU Chengwen XING Nan ZHAO Naofal AL-DHAHIR George K.KARAGIANNIDIS Xiaoniu YANG School of Information and Communication Engineering Dalian University of Technology College of Information Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Dallas Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is a promising technique to increase spectral efficiency and support various emerging applications by sharing the spectrum and hardware between these functionalities. However, the traditional ISAC schemes are highly dependent on the accurate mathematical model and suffer from the challenges of high complexity and poor performance in practical scenarios. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a viable technique to address these issues due to its powerful learning capabilities, satisfactory generalization capability, fast inference speed, and high adaptability for dynamic environments, facilitating a system design shift from model-driven to data-driven. Intelligent ISAC, which integrates AI into ISAC, has been a hot topic that has attracted many researchers to investigate. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of intelligent ISAC, including its motivation, typical applications, recent trends, and challenges. In particular, we first introduce the basic principle of ISAC, followed by its key techniques. Then, an overview of AI and a comparison between model-based and AI-based methods for ISAC are provided. Furthermore, the typical applications of AI in ISAC and the recent trends for AI-enabled ISAC are reviewed. Finally, the future research issues and challenges of intelligent ISAC are discussed.

关键词： artificial intelligence deep learning deep reinforcement learning federated learning generative artificial intelligence integrated sensing and communication machine learning transfer learning

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A Miniaturized Quad Port Highly Isolated Triple Band Notched UWB-MIMO Diversity Antenna

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Progress in Electromagnetics Research C 2025年 152卷 43-53页

作者： Thotakura, Sushma Gogineni, Rajesh Nallagonda, Vijaya Ratnam Sadineni, Ramesh Babu Mandava, Sunitha Paruchuri, Venkata Krishna Kanth Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering PVP Siddhartha Institute of Technology Vijayawada India Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Dhanekula Institute of Engineering and Technology Ganguru India Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering RVR & JC College of Engineering Guntur522019 India

In this study, a quad-port ultra-wideband (UWB) multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna with triple band-rejection characteristics is demonstrated. The suggested diversity MIMO antenna comprises four similar rectangular radiators positioned in orthogonal manner by utilizing polarization diversity. For superior inter-element isolation, a fan-shaped decoupler is lithographed on the back of the substrate. The MIMO antenna exhibits an operational bandwidth of 9 GHz (3–12 GHz) for each port, with |S11| ≤ −10 dB. This version is more concise and properly formatted. The MIMO aerial exhibits an impedance bandwidth 3–12 GHz) for each port (|S11| ≤ −10 dB) along with an inter-element isolation exceeding 20 dB. Additionally, to exclude the 3.5–4.1 GHz (downlink C-band), 4.43–4.79 GHz (INSAT), and 5.25–5.71 GHz (Wireless LAN) bands that coexist in UWB spectrum, the antenna elements are equipped with three U-shaped slots. The MIMO diversity metrics, including isolation, envelope correlation coefficient, diversity gain, TARC, CCL, multiplexing efficiency, and group delay, were computed and reported. The reported aerial prototype has been constructed, and the measured results have been validated against the simulated findings. © 2025, Electromagnetics Academy. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ultra-wideband (UWB)

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Impact of CeMgO2 ETL and BaSi2, Cr2O3, and NiO2 HTL Parameters on Enhanced CZTS Photovoltaic Cell Efficiency through Computational Methods

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High Energy Chemistry 2025年第2期59卷 139-153页

作者： Kumar, Shivam Kumar, Akhilesh Kumar, Raushan Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering National Institute of Technology Jharkhand Jamshedpur831014 India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering School of Engineering SR University Telangana Warangal506371 India

Abstract: The hole transport layer (HTL) and electron transport layer (ETL) materials are critical in the CZTS photovoltaic (PV) cell, which provides excellent hole and electron capturing rates and a low minority carrier loss in CZTS PV cells. The high-minimization of minority carrier loss and high capture of ultraviolet (UV) photon-based ETL and HTL materials-based CZTS PV cells have been limited to development till now. Therefore, several researchers are investigating the high UV light-absorbing ETL and wide energy bandgap HTL materials for the making of efficient CZTS solar cells. In this paper, we first successfully validate the photovoltaic results of a basic CZTS cell. Further, we proposed a high-efficiency PV cell by substituting three novel wide-energy bangap HTL materials, i.e., BaSi2, NiO2, and Cr2O3, instead of the MoS2 HTL layer. Further, different analysis such as matching of energy band alignment, optimization of thickness, and doping density of each layer of CZTS/BaSi2, CZTS/NiO2, and CZTS/Cr2O3-baased PV cells, We absorb that the CZTS/BaSi2-based PV cell produces better performance in terms of VOC = 1145 mV, JSC = 28.78, FF = 86.07%, efficiency 28.35%, and EQE = 90%. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Silicides

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Hybrid β Ω-indexing based fractal antenna for multi-band wireless applications

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第11期84卷 9537-9554页

作者： Sindhuja, N. M. Mary Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Kamaraj College of Engineering & Technology Virudhunagar India

This research revolves around the design challenge of creating a compact, low-profile slotted fractal antenna with the capability to resonate across multiple frequency bands, thereby fulfilling the diverse requirements of modern wireless applications. In this novel research, we introduce a compact and low-profile slotted fractal antenna design, employing an inset-fed βΩ-space-filling curve, tailored for multi-band wireless applications and narrow-band operations. Through comprehensive fabrication and testing, we demonstrate excellent agreement between measured results—comprising reflection coefficient and E-plane and H-plane gain radiation patterns—and corresponding simulations. The antenna resonates at five distinct frequencies, each falling within narrow bands: 1.91GHz, 3.12GHz, 5.56GHz, 10.75GHz, and 13.94GHz. This broad resonance spectrum makes the antenna well-suited for various applications, including PCS-1900, rail mobile radio, DCS-IMT gap, WCDMA, X-band, and Ku-band services. By halving the ground length, we significantly enhance antenna parameters such as gain, directivity, and efficiency. Our innovative design also achieves excellent impedance matching via inset feeding with a 50Ω port, particularly notable at the operating frequency of 3.1GHz, where the antenna achieves a gain of 2.94dBi. Notably, we employ a hybrid βΩ-space-filling curve, a novel approach in slotted fractal antenna design. Fabricated on FR4 substrate, the antenna boasts compact dimensions of 39.05mm x 32.25mm x 1.6mm, ensuring practicality and versatility across diverse wireless applications. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Fractals

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Electrocardiogram Signal Denoising Using Optimized Adaptive Hybrid Filter with Empirical Wavelet Transform

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Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science) 2025年第1期30卷 66-80页

作者： BALASUBRAMANIAN S NARUKA Mahaveer Singh TEWARI Gaurav Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Maharishi University of Information TechnologyMaharishi Vidya MandirLucknow226013India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering IEC College of Engineering and TechnologyGreater Noida201310India Department of Electrical Communication Engineering School of Information and Communication TechnologyGautam Buddha UniversityGreater Noida201310India

Cardiovascular diseases are the world’s leading cause of death;therefore cardiac health of the human heart has been a fascinating topic for *** electrocardiogram(ECG)signal is a comprehensive non-invasive method for determining cardiac *** health practitioners use the ECG signal to ascertain critical information about the human *** this article,swarm intelligence approaches are used in the biomedical signal processing sector to enhance adaptive hybrid filters and empirical wavelet transforms(EWTs).At first,the white Gaussian noise is added to the input ECG signal and then applied to the *** ECG signals are denoised by the proposed adaptive hybrid *** honey badge optimization(HBO)algorithm is utilized to optimize the EWT window function and adaptive hybrid filter weight *** proposed approach is simulated by MATLAB 2018a using the MIT-BIH dataset with white Gaussian,electromyogram and electrode motion artifact noises.A comparison of the HBO approach with recursive least square-based adaptive filter,multichannel least means square,and discrete wavelet transform methods has been done in order to show the efficiency of the proposed adaptive hybrid *** experimental results show that the HBO approach supported by EWT and adaptive hybrid filter can be employed efficiently for cardiovascular signal denoising.

关键词： electrocardiogram(ECG)signal denoising empirical wavelet transform(EWT) honey badge optimization(HBO) adaptive hybrid filter window function

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Comprehensive Analysis of TreeFET: A Circuit Perspective

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IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology 2025年 24卷 231-238页

作者： Aruna Kumari, N. Kaushik, Brajesh Kumar Vellore Institute of Technology School of Electronics Engineering Vellore632014 India Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Roorkee247667 India

In this article, a comprehensive performance analysis of the emerging and novel TreeFET is demonstrated at 3-nm technology node. The TreeFET is realized by combining nanosheet FET (NSFET) and fin-like interbridge (IB) structures. Initially, the TreeFET is compared with traditional NSFET under the same footprint (FP). The ON current (ION) and switching ratio (ION/IOFF) enhance with TreeFET by 56% and 35.4% compared to the NSFET with matched OFF current (IOFF). Further, the dimensional impact of TreeFET is studied in detail by altering the geometry of IB. On top of that, as the IB height (HIB) is a crucial metric for deciding the performance, the impact of HIB on analog/RF performance is also studied. Although the parasitic capacitance rises with higher HIB, better RF performance is observed with HIB of 30 nm compared to 10 nm due to the significant increase in ON current. Further, it is noted that the electrical performance is degraded with the rise in temperature. Moreover, the circuit level demonstration of TreeFET is carried out at both HIB of 10 nm and 30 nm for the CMOS inverter and ring oscillator (RO). The CMOS inverter switching current (ISC), power-delay product (PDP), and energy-delay product (EDP) are increased by 1.61×, 53%, and 38%, respectively with an increase in HIB. However, for 19-stage RO, an improvement of 11.55% in oscillation frequency (fOSC) is noticed with HIB of 30 nm. Moreover, the PDP and EDP variations are presented for 19-stage RO with variations in HIB. The analysis enables a profound understanding of the performance of emerging TreeFET devices at both device and circuit levels. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： CMOS integrated circuits

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A Low-Complex and Power-Efficient Optical OFDM for VLC Systems

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Journal of Lightwave technology 2025年第9期43卷 4156-4164页

作者： Miriyala, Ganesh Mallaiah, Renikunta Sathyaprasad, Abhaynarasimha Karnam Vejandla, Kishore Vakamulla, Venkata Mani MLR Institute of Technology Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Hyderabad500043 India National Institute of Technology Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Warangal506004 India Indian Institute of Information Technology Una Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Una177209 India

Commercially available Light Emitting Diode (LED) luminaries requires both high power efficiency and low complexity from Visible Light communication (VLC) system deployments. Asymmetrically-clipped Direct-current (DC) biased Optical-OFDM (ADO-OFDM) is a recently emerged waveform in VLC systems to achieve the optimal solution for spectral and power efficiency problems. However, in ADO-OFDM, a high DC bias is used to attain uni-polar signals which decrease the power efficiency. In this work, we conceive a novel modulation technique called Variably-biased Asymmetrically-clipped Optical OFDM (VAO-OFDM) with pre-distortion for VLC systems. In VAO-OFDM, we design a variably bias which depends on specific samples. Variably bias does not enforce any interference on the originally transmitted symbols because of its frequency components falling on the pre-defined sub-carriers. Due to the pre-distortion process, the computational-complexity of proposed VAO-OFDM is decreased considerably over the ADO-OFDM. Further, the ADO-OFDM and VAO-OFDM performance is evaluated in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) and power efficiency using MATLAB simulations and validated on the experimental setup by the LabView software-based VLC testbed. Simulation results show that the VAO-OFDM gains SNR of 10 dB at a BER of 10-3 over the ADO-OFDM, and experimental results show that the BER performance of ADO-OFDM and VAO-OFDM is obtained as 1.02 × 10-3 and 5.18 × 10-5 at a signal bandwidth of 1 MHz. Therefore, the VAO-OFDM performance is enhanced substantially when compare to ADO-OFDM. © 1983-2012 IEEE.

关键词： MATLAB

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Bio-inspired optimization based secure model for watermarking of medical data

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-31页

作者： Gupta, Akash Kumar Chakraborty, Chinmay Gupta, Bharat Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Birla Institute of Technology Jharkhand Ranchi India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering National Institute of Technology Patna Bihar India

In the field of digital watermarking significant research is going on for enhancing the medical data security. As we know, for enhancing the data security, authenticity and copy protection from intruders, digital watermarking can play a decisive role. In this paper, a robust watermarking methodology has been proposed using singular value decomposition in discrete wavelet transform domain. To begin with watermark embedding, medical data is decomposed first, using second level discrete wavelet transform. Further singular value decomposition is applied on both watermark and frequency sub-band of medical images. Artificial bee colony, bacterial foraging optimization, firefly algorithm, genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization are few of the nature inspired optimization techniques that have been considered and analyzed here, for optimizing the strength factor of watermarking method using fitness function. Performance of this work is also analyzed against various attacks. Among all proposed optimization algorithm, artificial bee colony algorithm with discrete wavelet transforms and singular value decomposition provides the best result with PSNR 58.76 dB and NCC 0.99 against various attacks, whereas without attacks 61.01 dB and 1 respectively. The result shows adequacy of proposed algorithm and indicates balanced and higher value of robustness and imperceptibility. The proposed optimized watermarking method is compared with the recent research works and found acceptable and comparable performance. To measure the performance of proposed methodology in terms of imperceptibility and robustness, parameters like peak signal to noise ratio and normalized correlation coefficient are utilized. For applied input data set and watermark, artificial bee colony optimized watermarking technique presents the best result among all. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Wavelet decomposition

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