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Design and Development of Al2O3 Dielectric Built Two-Port Array Radiator with High Gain and Isolation in mm-Wave Regime

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Journal of Electronic Materials 2025年 1-8页

作者： Sikandar Singh, Kuldip Katiyar, Himanshu Sharma, Anand Department of Electronics Engineering Rajkiya Engineering College Sonbhadra India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad Uttar Pradesh Prayagraj India

This communication explains the development and evolution of a two-port Al2O3 constructed array antenna. A rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) was fed using a rectangular slot along with a microstrip feed line in a 3-dB power divider configuration. A multi-port was configured by placing identical dual ports in anti-parallel placement. Three essential parameters were enhanced in this antenna design: (1) 1 × 2 array configuration increased the gain value of the proposed antenna to 11.0 dBi;(2) dual orthogonal copper strips with unequal width over the alumina dielectric produced circular polarization features between 28.5 GHz and 29.1 GHz;and (3) within the operating regime, copper strips and the anti-parallel arrangement increased the isolation value to above 40 dB. The experimental outcome confirmed the optimized simulated results and its working between 28.3 GHz and 29.4 GHz. The directive pattern and stable diversity parameters make the antenna structure suitable for mm-wave 5G communication systems. © The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2025.

关键词： Microstrip antennas

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Hybrid Lead Acid Battery—An Investigation of Its Performance Improvements

Hybrid Lead Acid Battery—An Investigation of Its Performanc...

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International Conference on Systems, Control and Automation, ICSCA 2023

作者： Sabapathi, Sreenivasan Rathina Avaninathan, Sivanantharaja Sriram Kumar, D. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering National Institute of Technology Trichy India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Alagappa Government College of Engineering and Technology Karaikudi India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819773831

This work is to carryout a research if a lead acid battery built with a Supercapacitor (Hybrid Battery) will give a better life cycle in applications where the charge/discharge currents are very high and in the order multiple C-rates (C-Capacity in Ampere Hours) ranging 0.5C to 2C. Lead acid batteries get damaged if deep discharges happens frequently for short periods and thus causing the battery capacity (SoH) to reduce drastically comparing a constant or less fluctuating charge/ discharge cycles. Lithium-ion batteries are a better option and gives longer life cycle in such applications. But lead acid batteries use local raw materials, easily recyclable technology, which is already in place and at a lower cost as against lithium-ion batteries who use imported raw materials or even cells, difficult to recycle, pose a risk to the environment, and are much more expensive. In this research a hybrid battery was built using standard commercially available lead acid battery and a supercapacitor along with associated control circuits—components. Since Supercapacitors have very low ESR (Equivalent Series Resistance) compared to lead acid battery, sudden charge or discharge currents of high magnitude tend to flow from/to the Supercapacitor and thus protecting the lead acid battery from such transients. A battery life cycle tester was used to compare a standard Lead acid battery pack against the hybrid battery pack to judge the life extension quantum by running charge/discharge cycles continously till the SoH reaches 60% or less. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

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Task ordering in multiprocessor embedded system using a novel hybrid optimization model

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第10期84卷 7133-7157页

作者： Choppakatla, Naga Deepa Chaitanya Sivalenka, M.K. Boda, Ravi Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering VNR Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering and Technology Telangana Hyderabad500090 India Andhra Pradesh Visakhapatnam530048 India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Telangana Hyderabad500075 India

In a multiprocessor system, the task scheduling function is a vital performance to minimize many issues. A multiprocessor system is applicable for the different multimedia applications with massive-sized task sets. However, high memory usage and power consumption are the major issues that have been found in past studies, which are considered to be the motivation for the present study. So, the present study has decided to execute a novel Hybrid Vulture Ant Lion Model (HV-ALM) task scheduling algorithm in multiprocessor. Hence, the need for this proposed work is to maximize the multiprocessor performance while processing in embedded applications. Here, the HV-ALM is the novel contribution utilized to train the data in the multiprocessor and to manage the multiprocessor in an optimal state for every task. Here, the prime process is the rapid task ordering that can optimize power and memory usage. Moreover, the implemented model is tested in MATLAB with embedded c software running on the Windows 10 platform. Finally, the novel model is compared with other traditional models and has gained better performance. Accordingly, the proposed HV-ALM model earned the finest multiprocessor performance by utilizing less power, memory usage of 30%, and less makespan time of 450 s, which is quite better than the traditional approaches. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： MATLAB

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Enhancing FSO Link Data Rates: Integrating Gamma-Gamma Modeling and WDM-MIMO Techniques 1

Enhancing FSO Link Data Rates: Integrating Gamma-Gamma Model...

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1st International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Computational Networks, ICISCN 2025

作者： Challapalli, Ramana Babu Pallela, Hari Krishna Bisetti, Hiranmayee Pentakota, Akanksha Kumari, A.Nalinee Chitra, P. Dadi Institute of Engineering & Technology Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Anakapalle India Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331529246

Free-space optical communication (FSOC), an innovative alternative, leverages the speed of light and the resilience of natural systems as an alternative to traditional wireless and fiber optic networks. The vast potential of FSOC is particularly evident in urban environments and critical disaster recovery situations. However, challenges arise due to atmospheric disturbances and environmental variability. The Gamma-Gamma distribution model looks at how FSO-WDM, FSO-MIMO, and FSO-WDM-MIMO systems lower the problems caused by the atmosphere. This study utilizes NRZ modulation, wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO). We enhance system robustness by adjusting internal parameters, and we assess performance using metrics like bit error rate (BER) and quality factor (Q-factor). The literature study demonstrates significant improvements in dependability, with BER values nearing zero and Q-factors indicating strong signal integrity. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Q factor measurement

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Wearable Temperature Detection System for Personalised Health Tracking

Wearable Temperature Detection System for Personalised Healt...

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Computational, communication and Information technology, ICCCIT 2025

作者： Iyer, Siddhaanth S. Koppad, Deepali Muralidharan, Srirangarajan Thorapalli Divakara, M. Nayak, Tejas M. Shakthi Varun, K.S. Bharadwaj, Vaishanth Ramaiah Institute of Technology Electronics and Communication Engineering Bangalore India Vijaya Vittala Institute of Technology Electronics and Communication Engineering Bangalore India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331512965

The health of a human being is indicated by various vitals like heart rate, blood pressure, respiration rate, and body temperature, to name a few. An accurate measure of temperature is an essential parameter while monitoring temperature in critical conditions, especially for frontline workers, where continuous temperature measurement is of prime importance. This work analyses temperature sensors and explores various testing methods for response time and methods to improve the parameters. A customised PCB and temperature sensors were designed, fabricated, and tested. A custom-made Android app was also developed and tested to visualise the data from the sensors. The test results showed that the system developed has a quick response time of 4 to 6 seconds for a temperature change of 65°C and complies with military standards set by DRDO. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Blood pressure

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Real-Time Management System for Automotive Charging Based on Control and Optimization Algorithms

Informatica (Slovenia)

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Informatica (Slovenia) 2025年第9期49卷 501-510页

作者： Sun, Shaojie Shaanxi College of Communication Technology School of Automotive Engineering Shaanxi Xi'an710018 China

This research offers a novel solution to handle the mounting challenges provided by real-time management systems for vehicle charging. The solution involves developing a real-time management system that incorporates control and optimization algorithms. Recognizing the possible strain on the grid, the study starts by evaluating the effects of large-scale integration of electric vehicles into the power system during periods of peak electricity usage. A charge management system is implemented to effectively supervise the charging of electric vehicles to lessen this problem. This study also looks into the suitability of the electric vehicle charging management system, with an emphasis on its use in homes. The time-of-use power pricing charge management strategy is smoothly linked with multi-agent system technology in the proposed charging management system. To arrange the best times for electric vehicle charging based on time-of-use power pricing, this system introduces an agent-based method on the management platform. Finally, this study verifies the viability of the suggested approach by running simulations on a charge management platform created with Matlab, Simulink, and JADF. The simulation’s findings support the charge management system’s efficient automation of charging, which lowers charging expenses and lessens peak load demands in the process. This suggests a viable remedy for the problems associated with the real-time management of car charging systems. © 2025 Slovene Society Informatika. All rights reserved.

关键词： Charging stations

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A novel MODWT–local pattern transformation feature fusion approach for high-impedance fault detection in medium voltage power distribution networks

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年 1-15页

作者： Varghese, P. Rini Subathra, M.S.P. Peter, Geno Stonier, Albert Alexander Kuppusamy, Ramya Teekaraman, Yuvaraja Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering School of Engineering and Technology Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences Tamil Nadu Coimbatore641114 India Department of Robotics Engineering School of Engineering and Technology Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences Tamil Nadu Coimbatore641114 India CRISD School of Engineering and Technology University of Technology Sarawak Sarawak Malaysia School of Electrical Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Sri Sairam College of Engineering Bengaluru562106 India Kuwait Jahra Kuwait

Due to the arcing nature, the high-impedance fault (HIF), which typically occurs in medium voltage (MV) distribution networks, poses a risk to equipment, personnel, and livestock. Early fault detection can save lives and prevent equipment destruction. Since the fault current in a power system is contained within the normal current range, identifying the occurrence of HIF is difficult. Using maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT) and a combination of MODWT–local pattern transformations (local binary pattern, local gradient pattern, local neighbor gradient pattern, and local neighbor descriptive pattern), the paper analyses the current signals from radial and mesh distribution networks and features extracted during HIF and non-HIF (line-to-ground (LG), double line (LL), double line-to-ground (LLG), and triple line-to-ground (LLLG) fault conditions). For the first time in power distribution networks for fault analysis, the suggested algorithm performs the HIF detection in the MV distribution system. To determine the best feature sets from the extracted features, the Kruskal–Wallis test was performed. Bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) was used for the chosen feature sets to classify the data as HIF or non-HIF. MODWT–LGP fusion achieves the highest accuracy for both networks among the four algorithms. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Discrete wavelet transforms

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Minimization of Latency in D2D-Assisted MEC Collaborative Offloading Based on Intelligent Reflecting Surface

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Progress in Electromagnetics Research B 2025年 110卷 1-14页

作者： Zhou, Jun Feng, Chenwei Sun, Yawei Guo, Jiaxing School of Opto-Electronic and Communication Engineering Xiamen University of Technology Xiamen361024 China

With the rapid development of various intelligent scenarios, the demand for low latency, efficient processing, and energy optimization is increasing. In smart communities, intelligent transportation, industrial environments, and other scenarios, a large amount of data is generated that needs to be processed in a short time. Traditional cloud computing models are difficult to meet the requirements for real-time and computing efficiency due to the long data transmission distance and high latency. Therefore, this paper introduces Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IRS) into the optimization model of Device-to-Device (D2D) communication and Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) collaborative offloading to enhance system performance and minimize total latency. This paper proposes a latency minimization problem for joint offloading mode selection, computing resource allocation, and IRS phase beamforming. The original problem is decoupled into three subproblems using the Block Coordinate Descent (BCD) algorithm. Through precise potential game theory, the Nash equilibrium (NE) is achieved, and multi-objective optimization is realized using the Lagrangian multiplier method and KKT conditions. Finally, a phase shift optimization problem is solved using the gradient descent algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms other benchmark schemes in terms of performance. © (2025), (Electromagnetics Academy). All rights reserved.

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Preliminary Study on Real-Time Phonocardiogram Signal Acquisition and Analysis Using Machine Learning and IoMT for Digital Stethoscope

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 68682-68709页

作者： Kalimuthu, M. Hemanth, C. Vellore Institute of Technology School of Electronics Engineering Chennai600127 India

Cardiovascular diseases currently pose the greatest threat to human health and future predicament is uncertain. Since most heart-related problems are reflected by the small variations in the heart's sounds, quality research into heart rhythm will provide valuable health information that may identify and treat cardiac-related issues and disorders. Driven by the critical need for early and precise cardiac diagnostics, this study tackles the challenges of detecting subtle variations in heart sounds, such as S3 and S4, which are essential for identifying complex cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This study introduces a real-time integrated system for heart sound detection, acquisition, analysis, and remote communication. A digital stethoscope was developed to facilitate computer-assisted auscultation, capturing heart sounds from the skin's surface. These sounds are filtered, amplified, and transmitted to healthcare providers through the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), enabling remote visualization and auscultation. Advanced signal segmentation and classification were performed using machine learning algorithms, including K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The results demonstrate that SVM and Naive Bayes Classifier (NBC) achieve high classification accuracies of up to 92.5% for normal heart sounds and 98.63% for abnormal sounds. This system enhances diagnostic precision, supports remote cardiac monitoring, and reduces the need for highly specialized personnel during preliminary assessments. By leveraging technological advancements, this research establishes a foundation for scalable and cost-effective solutions in cardiac care. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Support vector machines

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Design and evaluation of an intelligent flat-gain O + E band hybrid optical fiber amplifier: a machine learning approach

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Applied Optics 2025年第14期64卷 4004-4013页

作者： Sarma, Krishna Khan, Mohd Mansoor Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Information Technology Guwahati Assam Guwahati781015 India

This study presents the design of an O + E-band hybrid optical amplifier combining praseodymium-doped fiber amplifiers (PDFAs), thulium-doped fiber amplifiers (TDFAs), and a Raman amplifier (RA). The PDFAs and TDFAs are arranged in parallel to amplify signals between 1280 and 1470 nm, but there is a low gain (16 dB) in the 1360-1410 nm region. This gap is addressed by integrating a RA to enhance the gain to an average of 35 dB across the targeted range. To optimize the RA's performance, a machine learning technique called P2RAnet is developed to predict optimal pump parameters. The P2RAnet model, trained with neural networks, minimizes errors in gain prediction, achieving a mean absolute error of 0.5 dB and a mean squared error of 2. A SHapley Additive exPlanations analysis identifies the pump wavelength as the most influential factor. The model's predictions, validated using OptiSystem software, show a gain efficiency of 96.9% and a flatness of 6.85 dB. With optimized parameters, the amplifier achieves over 29.43 dB gain and a noise figure under 4.1 dB from 1290 to 1470 nm. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group.

关键词： Optical amplifiers Optical systems Optical wireless communication Raman amplifiers Semiconductor optical amplifiers Thulium-doped fiber amplifiers

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