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Design and Performance Analysis of Strip Photonic Waveguide with Coating Layer for Multimode Propagation

Micro and Nanosystems 2024年第3期16卷 165-171页

作者： Chandra, Veer Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur India

Introduction: Photonic devices play a pivotal role in the realm of high-speed data communication due to their inherent capability to expedite the transfer of information. Historically, research efforts in this domain have predominantly concentrated on investigating the fundamental mode propagation within photonic waveguides. Methods: This study diverges from the conventional approach by delving into the untapped potential of higher-order modes in addition to the fundamental mode of propagation. The exploration of these higher-order modes opens up new possibilities for optimizing and enhancing the performance of photonic devices in high-speed data communication scenarios. As a distinctive aspect of this study, various coating materials were scrutinized for their impact on both fundamental and higher-order mode propagation. The materials under examination included AlN (aluminum nitride), Germanium, and Silicon. These materials were chosen based on their unique optical properties and suitability for influencing different modes of light propagation. The findings from the study reveal that applying a coating of germanium demonstrates advantageous characteristics, particularly in terms of reduced signal loss, even when considering higher-order modes of propagation within photonic devices. Results: In this context, the results indicate that germanium-coated waveguides exhibit notably low propagation losses, with measurements as minimal as 0.25 dB/cm. This low level of loss is particularly noteworthy, especially when the waveguide has a width of 550 nm and is coated with a thickness of 50 nm. The dimensions and coating specifications play a crucial role in determining the efficiency of light transmission within the waveguide. Conclusion: The fact that the propagation loss is substantially low under these conditions suggests that the germanium-coated waveguide, even when considering higher-order modes of light propagation, can effectively maintain the integrity of the optica

关键词： Light transmission

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A metamaterial backed hybrid fractal microstrip patch antenna, integrated with an EM lens for non-invasive hyperthermia of skin cancer

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Optical and Quantum electronics 2024年第12期56卷 1-30页

作者： Kaur, Komalpreet Kaur, Amanpreet Pattanayak, Arnab Choudhury, Diptiman Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Patiala India School of Chemistry & Biochemistry Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Patiala India

The manuscript presents the design and development of a Microwave Hyperthermia (MHT) applicator integrated with an Electromagnetic (EM) lens. The purpose of the proposed MHT applicator is to provide non-invasive microwave hyperthermia treatment for skin cancer. The proposed MHT applicator comprises of an EM lens (133.75 × 133.75 mm3) placed ahead of a Hybrid Fractal Microstrip Patch Antenna (HFMA) (30 × 26 × 1.645 mm3), backed by a Meshedgrid-shaped Artificial magnetic Conductor (AMC) (48 × 48 × 3.27 mm3) reflector at an optimal distance of 16 mm The prototype of the HFMA is fabricated on a Rogers (RT5880) substrate and offers an impedance BW of 278 MHz, for a frequency from 2.316 to 2.594 GHz. To improve the front-to-back ratio (FBR) of the proposed HFMA, an EM lens that reduces the beam width and concentrated the energy in the desired direction is integrated with the AMC-backed HFMA. The final MHT applicator configuration provides a 3 dB beam width of 49.6° and a gain of 7.35 dBi at 2.45 GHz. The testing and validation of the proposed MHT applicator is carried out in a simulation environment using Computer Simulation technology (CST) Multiphysics for thermal analysis to check the temperature rise in the phantom. An in-vitro sample of skin phantom with a tumor is prepared using chemicals mimicking skin properties is exposed to the EM radiations emitted by the proposed HT applicator excited using a RF signal generator and power amplifier. the temperature rise in the phantom is recorded using optical temperature measurement probe. A temperature rise in the cancer-affected area up to 44 °C (Effective Temperature Area (ETA) 36 × 20 mm2) is observed in the simulation environment for an exposure time of approx. 45 min and in the measurement environment after a span of 25 minuites. A reported Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) value of 10 W/Kg shows that the proposed MHT applicator is safe for human exposure, and also reduces hot spots by enhancing the focus with controlled t

关键词： Microstrip antennas

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RNN with High Precision and Noise Immunity:A Robust and Learning-Free Method for Beamforming

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 15779-15791页

作者： Lin, Cong Jiang, Zhihui Cong, Jingyu Zou, Lilan Guangdong Ocean University School of Electronics and Information Engineering Zhanjiang524088 China Sun Yat-sen University School of Electronics and Communication Engineering Shenzhen518107 China

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), recognized for their high accuracy and strong robustness. However, the adoption of RNN-based solutions for array signal beamforming is still in its infancy, as RNNs are very sensitive to noise and cannot easily overcome the impact of environmental noise on the solution. To address these limitations, this study proposes the Dynamic Integrated Enhanced Neural Network (DIENN) for array signal beamforming, which incorporates an error integral feedback mechanism. This mechanism enhances the robustness and noise immunity of the model, enabling it to maintain stable performance under dynamic noise environments. Compared with state-of-the-art methods, the proposed model has higher stability in beamforming tasks while providing excellent results under three interference conditions where the other algorithms of the comparison failed. The residual accuracy achieved in the case of time-varying disturbance was 10-15. The feasibility of the model was verified by applying it to experimental data. To our knowledge, this is the first work to develop a zero-reset RNN for array signal processing. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Beamforming

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Quasi-Reference Electrode Integrated Dual Metal-Gate AIGaN/AIN/GaN HEMT for the Detection of Mercury Ions (Hg2+)

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第11期25卷 18759-18766页

作者： Poonia, Ritu Bhargava, Lava Periasamy, C. Choudhury, Bikash Dev Tripathy, Sudhiranjan Malaviya National Institute of Technology Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Jaipur302017 India National Institute of Technology Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Calicut673601 India Indian Institute of Technology at Bombay Mumbai400076 India Institute of Materials Research and Engineering 138634 Singapore

In this study, we designed and fabricated a Dual Metal Gate (DMG) AlGaN/AlN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) for the detection of mercury ions. The device features an extended gate electrode integrated with a quasi-reference electrode for biasing applications. The extended gate region was functionalized with thioglycolic acid to form a semi-assembled monolayer that acts as a receptor for mercury ions. The device design, sensing methodology, and working principle of the proposed sensor have been discussed and analyzed in terms of its sensitivity, linearity, limit of detection (LoD), and limit of quantification (LoQ). The device demonstrated a drain current sensitivity of 2.22 mA/mm·ppb at a gate-source voltage (VGS) of 0 V and a drain-source voltage (VDS) of 0.5 V. The LoD and LoQ were found to be 1.46 ppt and 4.86 ppt, respectively, at VDS 0.5 V. Sensitivity analysis was conducted by varying the drain and gate voltages to achieve maximum performance. Additionally, we evaluated gate leakage and performed time-dependent analyses to examine the stability of the device over extended measurement periods. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Gallium nitride

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Securing Telehealth Electronic Health Records with Adaptive Chaotic Encryption and Dynamic Key Generation

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SN Computer Science 2025年第5期6卷 1-19页

作者： Leelavathi, Venkatala Venkatappa Rashmi Priyadarshini, Bajanemane Krishnamurthy Puttegowda, Kiran School of Electronics and Communication Engineering REVA University Karnataka Bengaluru India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Vidyavardhaka College of Engineering Karnataka Mysuru India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Government Engineering College Chamarajanagara Karnataka India

The increasing use of electronic health records (EHRs) has led to a growing concern about the security of sensitive medical information. Medical images hold critical diagnostic and therapeutic information about patients, making their confidentiality essential, especially in telehealth contexts. Data encryption is essential for protecting sensitive information, especially in the realm of image encryption, which is vital for safeguarding visual data. This paper proposes a new encryption algorithm of EHR medical images using chaotic Henon map systems with self-adaptive approach. This approach creates as many correlated security keys as there are elements contained in the medical images delivered by EHR by means of Plaintext-Associated Key Generation (PAKG). This self-adaptive framework guarantees that the generated key revolves entirely around the characteristics of the plaintext image. For the pixel confusion phase, a block-based generalization technique along with multi-level map is used and for the diffusion phase, the threshold-based generalization technique involving the chaotic Henon map systems is used. Through this method, medical image encryption is made possible with low computational power required thus striking more of the balance between the two factors, efficiency and security. Our presented scheme has been implemented and simulated over standard EHR images;the security aspects have been weighed and measured in terms of entropy, key sensitivity, key space, correlation, and histogram analysis. Finally, comparing the results of our scheme with other existing methods it proven that our scheme performs substantially better in case of similar conditions. As for the strengths of our approach, it is necessary to mention that security keys are generated dynamically for each of the input medical images and the information of the image itself is considered for-key creation. The entropy values closely approximate optimal threshold value 8, affirming the efficiency o

关键词： Diffusion EHRs Encryption Henon map Medical images Permutation

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Deep learning-based port-classification approach incorporating LSTM network for high-throughput data center interconnect

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年 1-16页

作者： Kaur, Harpreet Kaler, Rajinder Singh Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Bhadson Road Punjab Patiala147004 India

This paper presents a solution to the throughput challenges of interconnecting systems in data centers that process big data every second. The Long-Short-Term-Memory (LSTM)-based neural network is implemented. It discovers the available switching ports and classifies them for short distances and minimum error to receive data with high throughput and low latency. The structure is promising by showing a prediction accuracy of 96.88% and a classification accuracy of 99.7% with a precision of 99.6%. The specificity of the model turns out to be 98.6%. The neural network training is done on the comparative analysis, with training samples varying between 50–2000 epochs, to know the best epochs to achieve a higher accuracy rate. The comparison of various parameters w.r.t. word length presents a solution to minimize cross-interference by controlling the word length between 10–14 bits at the input. The bit error rate of 10–18 and extinction ratio of 19.5 dB show the effective error-free transmission of bits. It is observed that the minimum log of bit error rate and eye-opening factor show immediate improvement of -3 and 10% respectively when the switching of the signal is done by using the information created by the neural network model. The small switching time of 0.35 ns and throughput of 96 Tbps prove the applicability of the proposed neural network-based structure for low-latent high-throughput configurations. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Long short-term memory

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder subtypes classification: a machine learning approach with phenotypic information and brain tissue volume

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第14期84卷 12901-12924页

作者： Usha Rupni, K. Aruna Priya, P. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering College of Engineering and Technology SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chengalpattu District Tamil Nadu Kattankulathur603203 India

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a critical neurodevelopmental disorder that needs to be diagnosed and treated early to lower the risk of related health issues. This research study uses a machine-learning (ML) classification model to provide a computer-aided diagnosis method for ADHD subtypes namely ADHD-inattentive and ADHD-combined. The brain tissue volume and phenotypic information of the children are used to train the ML classification model. The grey matter and white matter brain tissues are segmented from T1-weighted brain MRI of children using a modified fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm. A novel thresholding and pixel-based volume calculation method generates volume for segmented tissues. The highest accuracy of 92.98% is achieved for classifying ADHD subtypes and typically developing (TD) with Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) classifier among the other ML classifiers. An interpretative approach provides the insight of the classification model and it predicts that medication status, intelligence quotient, gender, and grey matter volume that are used in this research are the key factors in distinguishing between ADHD subtypes and TD individuals. In conclusion, T1-weighted MRI brain tissue volume of children can help healthcare providers diagnose ADHD and its subtypes along with the symptom-based diagnosis. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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Genetic-based Fuzzy IDS for Feature Set Reduction and Worm Hole Attack Detection

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Computer Systems Science & engineering 2023年第5期45卷 1265-1278页

作者： M.Reji Christeena Joseph K.Thaiyalnayaki R.Lathamanju Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Rohini College of Engineering and TechnologyPalkulamKanyakumariIndia Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyRamapuramChennaiIndia

The wireless ad-hoc networks are decentralized networks with a dynamic topology that allows for end-to-end communications via multi-hop routing operations with several nodes collaborating themselves,when the destination and source nodes are not in range of *** of its wireless type,it has lot of security concerns than an infrastructure *** attacks are one of the most serious security vulnerabilities in the network *** is simple to launch,even if there is no prior network *** are the sole thing that preventive measures rely *** detection systems(IDS)and other reactive measures detect all types of *** majority of IDS employ features from various network *** issue is calculating a huge layered features set from an ad-hoc *** research implements genetic algorithm(GA)-based feature reduction intrusion detection approaches to minimize the quantity of wireless feature sets required to identify worm hole *** attack detection,the reduced feature set was put to a fuzzy logic system(FLS).The performance of proposed model was compared with principal component analysis(PCA)and statistical parametric mapping(SPM).Network performance analysis like delay,packet dropping ratio,normalized overhead,packet delivery ratio,average energy consumption,throughput,and control overhead are evaluated and the IDS performance parameters like detection ratio,accuracy,and false alarm rate are evaluated for validation of the proposed *** proposed model achieves 95.5%in detection ratio with 96.8%accuracy and produces very less false alarm rate(FAR)of 14%when compared with existing techniques.

关键词： Intrusion detection system wormhole attack genetic algorithm fuzzy logic wireless ad-hoc network

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Energy-Efficient D2D-Aided Dual UAV Data Collection

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Chinese Journal of electronics 2025年第1期34卷 176-185页

作者： Qiulei Huang Wei Wang Zhaohui Song Nan Zhao School of Information and Communication Engineering Dalian University of Technology Space Information Research Institute Hangzhou Dianzi University

Aided by device-to-device(D2D) connections, unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) can significantly enhance the coverage of wireless communications. In this paper, we consider a data collection system with the assistance of D2D, where two fixed-wing UAVs as aerial base stations cooperatively serve the ground devices. To accommodate more devices, we propose two effective algorithms to establish the multi-hop D2D connections. Then, the user scheduling, UAV trajectory, and transmit power are jointly optimized to maximize the energy efficiency, which is a non-convex problem. Accordingly, we decompose it into three subproblems. The scheduling optimization is first converted into a linear programming. Then, the trajectory design and the transmit power optimization are reformulated as two convex problems by the Dinkelbach method. Finally, an iterative algorithm is proposed to effectively solve the original problem. Simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

关键词： Wireless communication Simulation Data collection Autonomous aerial vehicles Linear programming Energy efficiency Trajectory Device-to-device communication Iterative methods Optimization

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Outage performance of NOMA over shadowed faded channels in interference limited scenario

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Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing 2024年第7期15卷 3081-3092页

作者： Thaherbasha, Shaik Dhuli, Ravindra Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SR University Warangal506371 India School of Electronics Engineering VIT-AP Vijayawada522237 India

In wireless communications networks, the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technique is different from the existing orthogonal multiple access (OMA) techniques. In NOMA, the available number of resources are more and it leads to multiple access interference. In this paper, initially we developed an analytical framework of interference for NOMA in terms of signal to interference ratio (SIR). Later, we asses the outage probability of NOMA based downlink communication system by considering the effect of interference. The outage probability of NOMA with fixed number of interferers is calculated for different channel propagation effects as Nakagami-m, Rayleigh faded channels with and without log-normal shadowing. The obtained outage probabilities with fixed number of interferers are used to calculate the outage probabilities with random number of interferers (total system outage probability) in different channel propagation effects. In this paper, we proposed a novel algorithm to calculate the total system outage probability for NOMA in different channel propagation effects by choosing different offered load in terms of Erlangs per cell. We calculate the analytical results of outage probability for two users which are at near and edge positions of the cell. The obtained analytical results are supported with simulated NOMA. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Multiple access interference

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