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DESIGN OF RF FEEDING NETWORK [1:8] USING UNEQUAL AMPLITUDE HYBRID COUPLER FOR LOW SLL X-BAND RADAR APPLICATIONS

Telecommunications and Radio engineering (English translation of Elektrosvyaz and Radiotekhnika) 2025年第5期84卷 1-19页

作者： Kothapudi, Venkata Kishore Sunayana, Lella Divya, Shaik Kumar, Vijay Pappula, Lakshman Gottapu, Srinivasa Kiran Guntur District Andhra Pradesh Vadlamudi522213 India Department of Communication Engineering School of Electronics Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Vellore632014 India Department of Electrical Electronics and Communication Engineering GITAM School of Technology GITAM University Andhra Pradesh Visakhapatnam530045 India School of Science and Engineering Engineering and Computer Science Department Benedict College 1600 Harden St. ColumbiaSC29204 United States

The design simulation and manufacturing of an x-band frequency uneven amplitude 90° hybrid coupler are described in this paper. This hybrid coupler is used to create a feeder network with eight output ports operating at 9.3 GHz. The overall goal is to design and analyze an uneven power feeding network (1:8) for low SLL x-band radar applications employing a hybrid coupler. The specific goal is to create a hybrid coupler with equal amplitude, a hybrid coupler with uneven amplitude [Taylor’s amplitude = –17 dB], and a feeding network using hybrid couplers. The goal of this research is to improve the ability of a single transmitter to provide power to more than one antenna, all at a time either equally or unequally, and this can be achieved by designing a desired number of hybrid couplers and connecting them to the specific number of antennas at the output end and to the single transmitter at the input end. © 2025 by Begell House, Inc.

关键词： Transmitters

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A novel Cosine-Cosine chaotic map-based video encryption scheme

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Journal of engineering and Applied Science 2024年第1期71卷 36页

作者： Kumari, Sweta Dua, Mohit Dua, Shelza Dhingra, Deepti Department of Computer Engineering National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra India

The surge in online activities has led to the increasing popularity of sharing video data across diverse applications, including online education tutorials, social networking, video calling, and OTT platforms. Encryption prevents unauthorized access to the transmitted data over unreliable channels. The well-known features of chaos theory such as random behaviour, unpredictability, and initial parameters dependency facilitate its use in cryptography. Many security issues are faced by chaos-based cryptosystems because of their less complexity. Hence, a new Cosine-Cosine chaotic map characterized by intricate chaotic behaviour is designed in the current study. Additionally, we formulate an original video encryption scheme employing this Cosine-Cosine chaotic map. The encryption process involves five steps, beginning with the segmentation of the original video into frames based on its frame rate. In the second phase, a 384 bits pseudorandom key is generated that is further divided into three subkeys of 128 bits each. The novel Cosine-Cosine chaotic map-based sequence is generated. In the fourth step, red, green, and blue components are encrypted using the pseudorandom key and the chaotic sequence. In the last step, we combine encrypted frames to get cipher video. The security analysis validates that the proposed encryption protects against eavesdropping. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Cryptography

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Data Rate Maximization in IRS-Aided Downlink with Effective Positioning

Data Rate Maximization in IRS-Aided Downlink with Effective ...

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2024 International Conference on Smart electronics and communication Systems, ISENSE 2024

作者： Suthakar, B. Akash, S. Kumaravelu, Vinoth Babu Kennedy, Helen Sheeba John Anjana, B.S. School of Electronics Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Department of Communication Engineering Vellore India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331528126

Next-generation technologies aim to achieve highly efficient communication systems in the evolving wireless communication landscape. Among these, intelligent reflective surfaces (IRS) are expected to play a pivotal role. IRS comprises multiple reflective elements that act as phase shifters, reflecting signals transmitted from the access point (AP). The positioning of the IRS is crucial in determining system performance. This paper evaluates the data rate performance by varying the projection position of the IRS between the AP and user equipment (UE). The optimal phase shifters achieve gains of 3.353 bps/Hz and 3.374 bps/Hz compared to random phase shifters at the AP and UE, respectively. Additionally, when near the AP and UE, they provide gains of 3.187 bps/Hz and 3.246 bps/Hz, respectively, over discrete phase shifters with n = 4. Simulation results validate the enhanced performance, demonstrating the effectiveness of optimal IRS positioning and phase shifting in boosting overall system throughput. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Phase shifters

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VKFQ:A Verifiable Keyword Frequency Query Framework with Local Differential Privacy in Blockchain

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 4205-4223页

作者： Youlin Ji Bo Yin Ke Gu School of Computer and Communication Engineering Changsha University of Science and TechnologyChangsha410114China

With its untameable and traceable properties,blockchain technology has been widely used in the field of data *** to preserve individual privacy while enabling efficient data queries is one of the primary issues with secure data *** this paper,we study verifiable keyword frequency(KF)queries with local differential privacy in *** the numerical and the keyword attributes are present in data objects;the latter are sensitive and require privacy ***,prior studies in blockchain have the problem of trilemma in privacy protection and are unable to handle KF *** propose an efficient framework that protects data owners’privacy on keyword attributes while enabling quick and verifiable query processing for KF *** framework computes an estimate of a keyword’s frequency and is efficient in query time and verification object(VO)size.A utility-optimized local differential privacy technique is used for privacy *** data owner adds noise locally into data based on local differential privacy so that the attacker cannot infer the owner of the keywords while keeping the difference in the probability distribution of the KF within the privacy *** propose the VB-cm tree as the authenticated data structure(ADS).The VB-cm tree combines the Verkle tree and the Count-Min sketch(CM-sketch)to lower the VO size and query *** VB-cm tree uses the vector commitment to verify the query *** fixed-size CM-sketch,which summarizes the frequency of multiple keywords,is used to estimate the KF via hashing *** conduct an extensive evaluation of the proposed *** experimental results show that compared to theMerkle B+tree,the query time is reduced by 52.38%,and the VO size is reduced by more than one order of magnitude.

关键词： Security data sharing blockchain data query privacy protection

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PBNHWA: NIfTI image watermarking with aid of PSO and BO in wavelet domain with its authentication for telemedicine applications

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年 1-33页

作者： Awasthi, Divyanshu Khare, Priyank Srivastava, Vinay Kumar Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad Uttar Pradesh Prayagraj India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Information Technology Ranchi Jharkhand Ranchi India

Due to the vast development of medical image technologies the orientation, dimension, and format of the medical images are changing drastically. The volume of these data is also changing drastically in the current scenario due to the unwanted pandemic circumstances. The copyright protection and privacy of these data is also the need of the present era. Image watermarking is one of the best methods to provide copyright protection to the medical images. The proposed watermarking method provides copyright protection to NIfTI (Neuroimaging informatics technology initiative) images by using Redundant discrete wavelet transform (RDWT), Randomized singular value decomposition (RSVD), Hessenberg decomposition (HD) along with discrete cosine transform (DCT). Watermark image (Aadhar card) is splits into two parts, further two hybrid watermarks are generated from these parts to enhance copyright protection. To get the optimum scaling factor two different optimization techniques i.e., Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and Bat optimization (BO) are used. Speeded up robust features (SURF) and Binary robust invariant scalable keypoints (BRISK) are used for critical region of interest (ROI) verification. Secured hash algorithm (SHA) is used to generate the hash values corresponding to the media access control (MAC) and patient number generated by hospital. The average percentage improvement in imperceptibility is 20.34% and in robustness is 11.54%. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Image enhancement

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DESIGN OF CIRCULAR SHAPED RECONFIGURABLE MIMO ANTENNA FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONS

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Telecommunications and Radio engineering (English translation of Elektrosvyaz and Radiotekhnika) 2025年第4期84卷 1-15页

作者： Venugopalan, Subashini Pillai, Chitra Sivathanu Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Sri Sai Ram Institute of Technology West Tambaram Tamil Nadu Chennai India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Rajalakshmi Engineering College Rajalakshmi Nagar Thandalam Tamil Nadu Chennai India

This paper discusses the design and analysis of circular shaped reconfigurable multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna having inverted ohm-shaped slots with enhanced performance in wireless applications. This antenna operates between 1 and 6 GHz frequency ranges catering to the demands of a modern wireless communication system. Here, reconfigurability is achieved with the help of two positive-intrinsic-negative diodes, BAR 50-0279A, enabling the antenna to adapt to various operating conditions and communication standards. These filter structures enhance the overall signal quality. The simulated results clearly demonstrate improved bandwidth and efficiency compared to traditional designs. The antenna’s performance is studied with different kinds of ground structures. The designed antenna can operate in four different modes based on the on and off positions of the diode with a maximum bandwidth of 800 MHz and gain of 1.48 dBi. This antenna is designed using Rogers RT 5880 (lossy) substrate material having ξr value of 2.2, tanζ = 0.0009. A maximum bandwidth of 730 MHz and gain of 1.69 dB are possible. In order to have a better data rate and increased capacity, a two-element MIMO antenna is designed here. © 2025 by Begell House, Inc.

关键词： Bandwidth

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OSL-ABE: an optimal secure and lightweight attribute-based encryption method for blockchain-enabled IoT-based healthcare systems

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第1期37卷 123-148页

作者： Vinnarasi, A. Preethi Dayana, R. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Kattankulathur India

A secure IoT system can provide end-to-end encryption, secure communication protocols, mechanisms for access control, and intrusion detection and prevention systems to protect against various cyber threats. This paper presents a novel method to guarantee the secured and privateness of information in healthcare system that is Internet of Things based. This proposed method, called optimal secure and lightweight attribute-based encryption (OSL-ABE), is designed to provide an efficient and effective solution for secure data storage in the blockchain. By leveraging ABE, this method enables fine-grained access control over data, ensuring that only authorized users with specific attributes can access the data. Current ABE systems, including those used in IoT applications, often neglect privacy protection, during the key generation phase which is a significant threat to confidentiality of industrial secrets. Therefore, an optimal key generation method is proposed using modified sandpiper optimization (MSO) algorithm to ensure privacy preservation. In addition, it is incorporated with an enhanced gravitational search (EGS) algorithm in this proposed method to facilitate secure key revocations. It uses a single short broadcast message, which helps to maintain the IoT systems with confidentiality and integrity. Based on the simulation results, NPCR and UACI results exhibit 99.76% and 34%, respectively, and the entropy value is also obtained with a safe value of 8 which can withstand brute force attacks;it is found that the OSL-ABE method provides a comprehensive and effective solution for ensuring data security, preserving privacy, and facilitating secure key revocations in blockchain-enabled IoT-based healthcare systems. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Access control

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Design of optimized fourth order PDE filter for restoration and enhancement of Microbiopsy images of breast Cancer

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第14期84卷 13223-13253页

作者： Tyagi, Sonam Srivastava, Subodh Sahana, Bikash Chandra Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering National Institute of Technology Patna Bihar Patna800005 India

The histopathological analysis is the benchmark in the diagnosis of breast cancer. During the formation of microscopic images, it may be corrupted due to Poisson noise, artifacts, and deficient poor contrast. The presence of these inconsistencies limits the adequacy of the pathologist’s findings. To overcome these issues, an optimized Fourth Order Partial Differential Equation (PDE) filter is proposed where the edge threshold constraint of the diffusion coefficient has been automated by the utilization of the Cuckoo Search Optimization technique rather than a user-based value. In the present paper, firstly, microbiopsy images are converted into the L*a*b* color space, and Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) is applied on the L channel for the enhancement of abnormalities. After that, the proposed method is applied to the output image received from the previous step to remove the Poisson noise and preserve the edges i.e., the restored image. And, to get other fine details, the restored image is merged with the a and b channels. Finally, inverse L*a*b* is applied to the microbiopsy image. For the experimental analysis, the proposed method is evaluated on the BreakHis and BreCaHAD dataset which consists of 7,909 and 162 breast tumor tissue microscopic images respectively, and compared with other existing methods in terms of qualitative and quantitative parameters. The quantitative analysis demonstrates that the proposed strategy achieved an average percentage improvement in PSNR of 16.24% and 23.39% for the BreakHis and BreCaHAD datasets, respectively, compared to existing methods. The acquired result demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed strategy, which eliminates Poisson noise, enhance abnormalities, preserve edges, and restore information in a single framework. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Image reconstruction

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WSOMedMark: Robust and optimized dual image watermarking using RDWT and its authentication using BRISK and MSER features for smart healthcare system

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第14期84卷 13653-13690页

作者： Dwivedi, Ranjana Awasthi, Divyanshu Srivastava, Vinay Kumar Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad Prayagraj India

Information contained in digital medical images is beneficial for patient’s diagnosis. Medical Image Watermarking (MIW) provides precise patient identification and reduces the possibility of errors during diagnosis. A combination of Redundant Discrete Wavelet Transform (RDWT) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is applied to host medical images. QR decomposition and Randomized Singular Value Decomposition (RSVD) techniques are used to embed a logo and text image. Chaotic logistic mapping is used to encrypt the watermarks before embedding in order to enhance security. The optimum value of the strength factor is obtained by using White Shark Optimization (WSO). The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated in terms of robustness, embedding capacity, imperceptibility and computational complexity. Performance comparison with existing schemes shows the superiority of the proposed scheme. The average percentage improvement of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) is 29.34% and of Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) is 2.11% compared to related schemes. Authentication is performed by utilizing Binary Robust Invariant Scalable Keypoints (BRISK) and Maximally Stable Extremal Regions (MSER) feature detectors. Important features of watermarked images are preserved even after applying several attacks and both the feature detectors successfully extract these features from attacked watermarked images. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Singular value decomposition

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Implementation and Extension of Bit Manipulation Instruction on RISC-V Architecture using FPGA 5

Implementation and Extension of Bit Manipulation Instruction...

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5th International Conference on Circuits, Control, communication and Computing, I4C 2024

作者： Rashmi Priyadarshini, B.K. Sumanasa, B.N. Rajendra Prasad, P. Sarvagya, Mrinal Ravi Kumar, Mg. School of Electronics and Communication Engineering Reva University Bangalore India School of Ece Reva University Bangalore India Ramaiah Institute of Technology Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Bangalore India Nagarjuna College of Engineering Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology Bangalore India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331528539

The inclusion of Bit Manipulation Instructions (BMIs) has become more and more important as embedded systems continue to demand optimum performance together with a good energy economy. Although BMIs have been adopted by x86 and ARMv8 architectures to improve runtime efficiency and reduce power consumption, the RISC-V platform-which is preferred for its adaptability in embedded applications-has not been as successful in this area. Ten improved BMIs designed specifically for the RISC-V Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) are proposed in this work to close this gap. We synthesized a superior RISC-V architecture for the Zynq Board FPGA and TSMC 3nm platforms implementing the TSMC 3nm cell library. Initial assessments of software also show conceivable enhancements, especially in power-hungry and time-consuming cryptographic applications. Our work draws attention to low cost and power consumption while the principles of high performance and security prerequisites therefore deal with the urgent need for energy-efficient computing solutions in consumer electronics with the introduction of these advanced BMIs. By adopting the built-in benefits of RISC-VISA in conjunction with customized BMI extensions, we offer a feasible plan for the development of effective embedded systems that provide more computing power. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Computer architecture

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