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Deep learning in crowd counting:A survey

CAAI Transactions on Intelligence technology 2024年第5期9卷 1043-1077页

作者： Lijia Deng Qinghua Zhou Shuihua Wang Juan Manuel Górriz Yudong Zhang School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences University of LeicesterLeicesterUK Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia Department of Signal Theory Networking and CommunicationsUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain

Counting high-density objects quickly and accurately is a popular area of *** counting has significant social and economic value and is a major focus in artificial *** many advancements in this field,many of them are not widely known,especially in terms of research *** authors proposed a three-tier standardised dataset taxonomy(TSDT).The Taxonomy divides datasets into small-scale,large-scale and hyper-scale,according to different application *** theory can help researchers make more efficient use of datasets and improve the performance of AI algorithms in specific ***,the authors proposed a new evaluation index for the clarity of the dataset:average pixel occupied by each object(APO).This new evaluation index is more suitable for evaluating the clarity of the dataset in the object counting task than the image ***,the authors classified the crowd counting methods from a data-driven perspective:multi-scale networks,single-column networks,multi-column networks,multi-task networks,attention networks and weak-supervised networks and introduced the classic crowd counting methods of each *** authors classified the existing 36 datasets according to the theory of three-tier standardised dataset taxonomy and discussed and evaluated these *** authors evaluated the performance of more than 100 methods in the past five years on different levels of popular ***,progress in research on small-scale datasets has slowed *** are few new datasets and algorithms on small-scale *** studies focused on large or hyper-scale datasets appear to be reaching a saturation *** combined use of multiple approaches began to be a major research *** authors discussed the theoretical and practical challenges of crowd counting from the perspective of data,algorithms and computing *** field of crowd counting is moving towards combining multiple methods and requ

关键词： artificial intelligence computer vision image analysis image processing

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The Security of Using Large Language Models:A Survey With Emphasis on ChatGPT

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第1期12卷 1-26页

作者： Wei Zhou Xiaogang Zhu Qing-Long Han Lin Li Xiao Chen Sheng Wen Yang Xiang the School of Science Computing and Engineering Technologies Swinburne University of Technology IEEE the School of Computer and Mathematical Sciences the University of Adelaide Adelaide the Faculty of Science and Engineering Southern Cross University the School of Information and Physical Sciences the University of Newcastle

ChatGPT is a powerful artificial intelligence(AI)language model that has demonstrated significant improvements in various natural language processing(NLP) tasks. However, like any technology, it presents potential security risks that need to be carefully evaluated and addressed. In this survey, we provide an overview of the current state of research on security of using ChatGPT, with aspects of bias, disinformation, ethics, misuse,attacks and privacy. We review and discuss the literature on these topics and highlight open research questions and future *** this survey, we aim to contribute to the academic discourse on AI security, enriching the understanding of potential risks and mitigations. We anticipate that this survey will be valuable for various stakeholders involved in AI development and usage, including AI researchers, developers, policy makers, and end-users.

关键词： Artificial intelligence (AI) ChatGPT large language models (LLMs) security

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Coherence-and scattering-universal diffractive neural network for imaging through scattering media

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Photonics Research 2025年第5期13卷 1259-1270页

作者： NAOKI MATSUDA RYOICHI HORISAKI Department of Information Physics and Computing Graduate School of Information Science and TechnologyThe University of Tokyo

We propose a design method for a diffractive neural network (DNN) for imaging through scattering media,offering robustness against the spatial coherence of illumination,scattering strength,and scattering *** techniques for imaging through scattering media are time-consuming and/or tailored to specific optical *** DNN,composed of layers of diffractive optical elements (DOEs),optically reproduces the intensity distributions of objects behind scattering media without any computational *** with randomized optical parameters are provided during the training process to achieve this *** demonstrate the proposed method through numerical calculations and show its promising capability for DOE *** study paves the way for unifying and generalizing techniques for imaging through scattering media,which are currently fragmented by specific scenarios,enabling highly flexible imaging independent of optical conditions.

关键词： Diffractive optical elements Imaging techniques Microlens arrays Neural networks Optical imaging Scattering media

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Constraints Separation Based Evolutionary Multitasking for Constrained Multi-Objective Optimization Problems

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第8期11卷 1819-1835页

作者： Kangjia Qiao Jing Liang Kunjie Yu Xuanxuan Ban Caitong Yue Boyang Qu Ponnuthurai Nagaratnam Suganthan School of Electrical and Information Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Henan Institute of TechnologyXinxiang 453003China School of Electronic and Information Zhongyuan University of TechnologyZhengzhou 450007China KINDI Center for Computing Research College of EngineeringQatar UniversityDoha 999043Qatar

Constrained multi-objective optimization problems(CMOPs)generally contain multiple constraints,which not only form multiple discrete feasible regions but also reduce the size of optimal feasible regions,thus they propose serious challenges for *** all constraints,some constraints are highly correlated with optimal feasible regions;thus they can provide effective help to find feasible Pareto ***,most of the existing constrained multi-objective evolutionary algorithms tackle constraints by regarding all constraints as a whole or directly ignoring all constraints,and do not consider judging the relations among constraints and do not utilize the information from promising single ***,this paper attempts to identify promising single constraints and utilize them to help solve *** be specific,a CMOP is transformed into a multitasking optimization problem,where multiple auxiliary tasks are created to search for the Pareto fronts that only consider a single constraint ***,an auxiliary task priority method is designed to identify and retain some high-related auxiliary tasks according to the information of relative positions and dominance ***,an improved tentative method is designed to find and transfer useful knowledge among *** results on three benchmark test suites and 11 realworld problems with different numbers of constraints show better or competitive performance of the proposed method when compared with eight state-of-the-art peer methods.

关键词： Constrained multi-objective optimization(CMOPs) evolutionary multitasking knowledge transfer single constraint.

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Which is more faithful,seeing or saying? Multimodal sarcasm detection exploiting contrasting sentiment knowledge

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence technology 2025年第2期10卷 375-386页

作者： Yutao Chen Shumin Shi Heyan Huang School of Computer Science and Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijingChina Beijing Engineering Research Center of High Volume Language Information Processing and Cloud Computing Applications BeijingChina

Using sarcasm on social media platforms to express negative opinions towards a person or object has become increasingly ***,detecting sarcasm in various forms of communication can be difficult due to conflicting *** this paper,we introduce a contrasting sentiment-based model for multimodal sarcasm detection(CS4MSD),which identifies inconsistent emotions by leveraging the CLIP knowledge module to produce sentiment features in both text and ***,five external sentiments are introduced to prompt the model learning sentimental preferences among ***,we highlight the importance of verbal descriptions embedded in illustrations and incorporate additional knowledge-sharing modules to fuse such imagelike *** results demonstrate that our model achieves state-of-the-art performance on the public multimodal sarcasm dataset.

关键词： CLIP image-text classification knowledge fusion multi-modal sarcasm detection

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Cognition2Vocation: meta-learning via ConvNets and continuous transformers

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Neural computing and Applications 2024年第21期36卷 12935-12950页

作者： Kamran, Sara Hosseini, Saeid Esmailzadeh, Sayna Kangavari, Mohammad Reza Hua, Wen School of Computer Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran Iran Faculty of Computing and Information Technology Sohar University Sohar Oman Department of Computing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong

Estimating the suitability of individuals for a vocation via leveraging the knowledge within cognitive factors comes with numerous applications: employment resourcing, occupation counseling, and workload management. Accordingly, the enterprises aim to hire the most suitable person from a massive array of similar applicants, maximizing performance and minimizing the gap between strategic indicators and predefined targets. While cognitive factors signify the best-suited person from similarly skilled workers, inferring pertinent latent cues from noisy and growing social network contents is time-intensive. To tackle the challenges involved, we propose a framework that, on the one hand, extends influential features based on the correlations between cognitive cues and, on the other hand, leverages a novel continuous transformer to mitigate the overlapping and approximation issues in discrete modeling. Rather than relying on discrete patterns that may evolve frequently, we use continuous elements that include not only numerous aggregating components but also sense minor irregular fluctuations. In a hybrid manner, we fuse multiple base models to transfer a higher representation to the meta-learning unit, agglomerating outputs from gradient boosters and the ConvNets. The experimental results show that our proposed framework can outperform trending vocation estimation methods by 1.36% in F1-Score and approximately 1% in accuracy. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Knowledge management

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MAPFUNet:Multi-attention Perception-Fusion U-Netfor Liver Tumor Segmentation

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第5期21卷 2515-2539页

作者： Junding Sun Biao Wang Xiaosheng Wu Chaosheng Tang Shuihua Wang Yudong Zhang School of Computer Science and Technology Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo451460China Department of Biological Sciences Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool UniversitySuzhou215123China School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz University21589JeddahSaudi Arabia

The second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally is liver *** treatment of liver cancers depends heavily on the accurate segmentation of liver tumors from CT *** improved method based on U-Net has achieved good perfor-mance for liver tumor segmentation,but these methods can still be *** deal with the problems of poor performance from the original U-Net framework in the segmentation of small-sized liver tumors and the position information of tumors that is seriously lost in the down-sampling process,we propose the Multi-attention Perception-fusion U-Net(MAPFU-Net).We propose the Position ResBlock(PResBlock)in the encoder stage to promote the feature extraction capability of MAPFUNet while retaining the position information regarding liver tumors.A Dual-branch Attention Module(DWAM)is proposed in the skip connections,which narrows the semantic gap between the encoder's and decoder's features and enables the network to utilize the encoder's multi-stage and multi-scale *** propose the Channel-wise ASPP with Atten-tion(CAA)module at the bottleneck,which can be combined with multi-scale features and contributes to the recovery of micro-tumor feature ***,we evaluated MAPFUNet on the LITS2017 dataset and the 3DIRCADB-01 dataset,with Dice values of 85.81 and 83.84%for liver tumor segmentation,which were 2.89 and 7.89%higher than the baseline model,*** experiment results show that MAPFUNet is superior to other networks with better tumor feature representation and higher accuracy of liver tumor *** also extended MAPFUNet to brain tumor segmentation on the BraTS2019 *** results indicate that MAPFUNet performs well on the brain tumor segmentation task,and its Dice values on the three tumor regions are 83.27%(WT),84.77%(TC),and 76.98%(ET),respectively.

关键词： Liver tumor segmentation Small tumors Position information Attention Multi-scale features

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Cloud-Based Privacy-Preserving Medical Images Storage Scheme With Low Consumption

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IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 2025年 27卷 3556-3570页

作者： Yang, Yaolin He, Hongjie Feng, Zhuo Chen, Fan Yuan, Yuan Southwest Jiaotong University School of Information Science and Technology Chengdu611756 China Southwest Jiaotong University School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence Chengdu611756 China

For the security risks and high transmission/storage consumption in cloud-based medical images storage systems (CMISS), reversible data hiding in encrypted images (RDHEI) provide an effective solution. Nevertheless, challenges persist concerning the security risks cause by key transmission and the large file size of encrypted medical images. Consequently, a cloud-based privacy-preserving medical images storage scheme with low consumption is proposed in this paper. First, RDHEI is applied to CMISS, where image encryption achieves privacy protection, reversible data hiding eliminates extra space consumption by index data self-hiding, and the reversibility enables lossless recovery and extraction of medical images and index data. Then, hybrid encryption is designed to achieve high security. The security of encrypted images is guaranteed by combining a one-time cryptosystem with symmetric XOR encryption, which makes our scheme can resist various attacks. Time-varying key used in XOR is encrypted by asymmetric RSA, and only public key is used in RSA, avoiding the risk of private key transmission. Finally, to reduce the file size of encrypted images and achieve low consumption, context Huffman coding is proposed to adaptively selects the block coding method by context and thresholds, and has at most 98 056 bits shorter than Huffman coding in encoded stream length. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme has better performance in terms on security, consumption, and reversibility. The minimum compression ratio in databases is 32.46%, which is 2.63% lower than the existing schemes. And the medical image and index data can be restored lossless. © 1999-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Encryption Cryptography Image coding Medical diagnostic imaging Indexes Servers Cloud computing Medical services Huffman coding Protection

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Secure Computation Efficiency Resource Allocation for Massive MIMO-Enabled Mobile Edge computing Networks

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China Communications 2024年第11期21卷 150-162页

作者： Sun Gangcan Sun Jiwei Hao Wanming Zhu Zhengyu Ji Xiang Zhou Yiqing School of Electrical and Information Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Beijing Key Laboratory of Mobile Computing and Pervasive Device and the Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

In this article,the secure computation efficiency(SCE)problem is studied in a massive multipleinput multiple-output(mMIMO)-assisted mobile edge computing(MEC)*** first derive the secure transmission rate based on the mMIMO under imperfect channel state *** on this,the SCE maximization problem is formulated by jointly optimizing the local computation frequency,the offloading time,the downloading time,the users and the base station transmit *** to its difficulty to directly solve the formulated problem,we first transform the fractional objective function into the subtractive form one via the dinkelbach ***,the original problem is transformed into a convex one by applying the successive convex approximation technique,and an iteration algorithm is proposed to obtain the ***,the stimulations are conducted to show that the performance of the proposed schemes is superior to that of the other schemes.

关键词： eavesdropping massive multiple input multiple output mobile edge computing partial offloading secure computation efficiency

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A High-Quality and Efficient Bus-Aware Global Router

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2025年第2期34卷 444-456页

作者： Liu Genggeng Wei Ling Yu Yantao Xu Ning College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China Fujian Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing Fuzhou 350108 China School of Information Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China

As advanced technology nodes enter the nanometer era, the complexity of integrated circuit design is increasing, and the proportion of bus in the net is also increasing. The bus routing has become a key factor affecting the performance of the chip. In addition, the existing research does not distinguish between bus and non-bus in the complete global routing process, which directly leads to the expansion of bus deviation and the degradation of chip performance. In order to solve these problems, we propose a high-quality and efficient bus-aware global router, which includes the following key strategies: By introducing the routing density graph, we propose a routing model that can simultaneously consider the routability of non-bus and the deviation value of bus;A dynamic routing resource adjustment algorithm is proposed to optimize the bus deviation and wirelength simultaneously, which can effectively reduce the bus deviation;We propose a layer assignment algorithm consider deviation to significantly reduce the bus deviation of the 3D routing solution;And a depth-first search (DFS)-based algorithm is proposed to obtain multiple routing solutions, from which the routing result with the lowest deviation is selected. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithms can effectively reduce bus deviation compared with the existing algorithms, so as to obtain high-quality 2D and 3D routing solutions considering bus deviation.

关键词： Global routing Layer assignment Bus deviation Physical design Bus routing

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