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Mitigating methodology of hardware non-ideal characteristics for non-volatile memory based neural networks

science China(Information sciences) 2025年第2期68卷 307-321页

作者： Lixia HAN Peng HUANG Yijiao WANG Zheng ZHOU Haozhang YANG Yiyang CHEN Xiaoyan LIU Jinfeng KANG School of Integrated Circuits Peking University Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering Beihang University

Non-volatile memory-based computing-in-memory(nvCIM) paradigm has been extensively studied to boost the energy efficiency of neural network accelerators in edge applications. However, the degradation of inference accuracy induced by the non-ideal characteristics across circuits, arrays, and devices is becoming a crucial issue. In this work, we establish a hardware characteristic behavior model to analyze the impact of nvCIM non-ideal characteristics on neural network *** we propose a hardware aware training and weight mapping correction methods to mitigate inference accuracy *** simulation verification, about 95% inference accuracy degradation is recovered by adopting the proposed mitigation method for various non-ideal characteristics and various neural network models. The feasibility of the proposed method is further proved in an experimental example with a flash-based LeNet recognition system.

关键词： computing in memory neural network accelerators non-volatile memory hardware non-ideal characteristics software-hardware co-design

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Optimization of electrode distance and 2D material coverage for PdSe_(2)-based waveguide-integrated photodetectors

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science China(Technological sciences) 2025年第3期68卷 319-330页

作者： Tianxun GONG Beilin ZHU Luyu LV Zhengyi LIU Xiaosheng ZHANG School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering(Exemplary School of Microelectronics) University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731China

Silicon-based waveguide-integrated photodetectors,leveraging their distinct advantages,have become crucial components in integrated photonic *** achieving combined designs of two-dimensional materials and silicon waveguides,understanding the underlying mechanisms and optimizing structural designs remains *** this study,we systematically investigated the impact of electrode distances on the optical loss and photoelectric response of PdSe_(2)-based strip,rib,and slot waveguide-integrated *** electrode distances were determined,leading to significant enhancements in ***,our devices demonstrated high responsivity values of 9.24 A/W(strip),3.34 A/W(rib),and 4.52 A/W(slot)at 1550 *** results represent remarkable enhancements of 481%,237%,and 267%,respectively,compared to the initial unoptimized electrode ***,we found the slot waveguide-integrated photodetector achieves 34%of absorption saturation with PdSe_(2)coverage of approximately 10μm,while the rib waveguide enables 70%absorption(not yet saturated)with PdSe_(2)coverage of 50μ***,we explored the effect of input power on the performance of these photodetectors,finding that lower input optical power yields higher responsivity and external quantum efficiency(EQE),especially for slot waveguide-integrated ***,these detectors exhibit fast optical response rates across the optical communication O to U bands,with strip,rib and slot waveguide-integrated photodetectors demonstrating 3 dB bandwidths of 23.10,14.49,and 14.86 GHz,respectively.

关键词： silicon waveguide photodetector PdSe_(2) electrode distance responsivity

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Ultra-low power IGZO optoelectronic synaptic transistors for neuromorphic computing

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science China(Information sciences) 2024年第12期67卷 281-290页

作者： Li ZHU Sixian LI Junchen LIN Yuanfeng ZHAO Xiang WAN Huabin SUN Shancheng YAN Yong XU Zhihao YU Chee Leong TAN Gang HE College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Materials Science and Engineering Anhui University

Inspired by biological visual systems, optoelectronic synapses with image perception, memory retention, and preprocessing capabilities offer a promising pathway for developing high-performance artificial perceptual vision computing systems. Among these, oxide-based optoelectronic synaptic transistors are wellknown for their enduring photoconductive properties and ease of integration, which hold substantial potential in this regard. In this study, we utilized indium gallium zinc oxide as a semiconductor layer and high-k ZrAlOxas a gate dielectric layer to engineer low-power high-performance synaptic transistors with photonic *** biological synaptic functions, including excitatory postsynaptic currents, paired-pulse facilitation,and the transition from short-term to long-term plasticity, were replicated via optical pulse *** simulation was sustained even at an operating voltage as low as 0.0001 V, exhibiting a conspicuous photonic synaptic response with energy consumption as low as 0.0845 fJ per synaptic event. Furthermore,an optoelectronic synaptic device was employed to model “learn-forget-relearn” behavior similar to that exhibited by the human brain, as well as Morse code encoding. Finally, a 3 × 3 device array was constructed to demonstrate its advantages in image recognition and storage. This study provides an effective strategy for developing readily integrable, ultralow-power optoelectronic synapses with substantial potential in the domains of morphological visual systems, biomimetic robotics, and artificial intelligence.

关键词： IGZO optoelectronic synaptic devices persistent photoconductivity ultra-low power neuromorphic computing

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Single-structure 3-axis Lorentz force magnetometer based on an AlN-on-Si MEMS resonator

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第3期10卷 75-86页

作者： Cheng Tu Xu-heng Ou-Yang Ying-jie Wu Xiao-sheng Zhang School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China

This work presents a single-structure 3-axis Lorentz force magnetometer(LFM)based on an AlN-on-Si MEMS *** operation of the proposed LFM relies on the flexible manipulation of applied excitation currents in different directions and frequencies,enabling the effective actuation of two mechanical vibration modes in a single device for magnetic field measurements in three ***,the excited out-of-plane drum-like mode at 277 kHz is used for measuring the x-and y-axis magnetic fields,while the in-plane square-extensional mode at 5.4 MHz is used for measuring the z-axis magnetic *** different configurations of applied excitation currents ensure good crossinterference immunity among the three *** to conventional capacitive LFMs,the proposed piezoelectric LFM utilizes strong electromechanical coupling from the AlN layer,which allows it to operate at ambient pressure with a high *** understand and analyze the measured results,a novel equivalent circuit model for the proposed LFM is also reported in this work,which serves to separate the effect of Lorentz force from the unwanted capacitive *** demonstrated 3-axis LFM exhibits measured magnetic responsivities of 1.74 ppm/mT,1.83 ppm/mT and 6.75 ppm/mT in the x-,y-and z-axes,respectively,which are comparable to their capacitive counterparts.

关键词： resonator Lorentz structure

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Transparent micropatterned conductive films based on highlyordered nanowire network

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Nano Research 2024年第5期17卷 4288-4297页

作者： Xin-Ran Zhang Hai-Tao Deng Xu Zeng Yi-Lin Wang Peng Huang Xiao-Sheng Zhang School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China

Transparent conductive films that are based on nanowire networks are essential to construct flexible,wearable,and even stretchable ***,large-scale precise micropatterning,especially with regard to the controllability of the organizing orientation of nanowires,is a critical ***,we proposed a liquid film rupture self-assembly approach for manufacturing transparent conductive films with microstructure arrays based on a highly ordered nanowire *** large-scale microstructure conductive films were fabricated through air-liquid interface self-assembly and liquid film rupture *** typical micropattern morphologies,including square,hexagon,circle,serpentine,etc.,were prepared to reveal the universal applicability of the proposed *** homogeneity and controllability of this approach were verified for multiple *** the assembly cycles increasing,the optical transmittance decreases *** addition,theoretical model analysis is carried out,and the analytical formula of the speed of the film moving with the surface tension and the density of the liquid film is ***,the feasibility of this approach for piezoresistive strain sensors is *** fabrication approach demonstrated a cost-effective and efficient method for precisely arranging nanowires,which is useful in transparent and wearable applications.

关键词： flexible electronics transparent conductive network micropatterning nanowires micro electromechanical systems(MEMS)

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Two-dimensional Czochralski method for large-scale single-crystal MoS2

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National science Review 2025年第5期12卷 79-80页

作者： Kunpeng Si Yongji Gong Tianmushan Laboratory Beihang University School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering Beihang University School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihang University

Two-dimensional （2D） materials, such as MoS2and hexagonal boron nitride（hBN）, are poised to redefine the future of electronics by enabling ultra-scaled transistors, flexible devices, and energyefficient integrated circuits. Their atomic thickness and exceptional electronic properties position them as key enablers for extending Moore’s Law beyond the limits of traditional silicon-based technologies [1].

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Wideband high gain millimeter wave antenna based on wavy power divider for millimeter wave radar sensor

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2025年第1期32卷 24-30页

作者： Zhang Shuanggen Yu Tao Wang Yulan Zhou Ran Cheng Zhihua School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering Tianjin University of TechnologyTianjin 300384China

In this paper, a wideband high gain millimeter wave radar array antenna based on a wavy power divider was proposed. The radar antenna comprises a wavy power divider and a 10-element array antenna. By adjusting the wavy radius of the power divider, the surface current of the power divider is altered, resulting in better impedance matching with the antenna. This ultimately leads to a significant improvement in bandwidth performance. The 4×10 millimeter wave radar antenna loaded with a wavy power divider exhibits an approximate enhancement of 3 GHz compared to traditional microstrip power divider antennas, and an average gain increase of 2.42 dB within the vehicle millimeter wave radar frequency band relative to the improved gradient power divider structure. The 4×10 millimeter wave radar antenna loaded with wavy power divider possesses the characteristics of high gain and broad bandwidth.

关键词： wavy power divider broadband high gain millimeter wave radar antenna radar sensor

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A frequency servo SoC with output power stabilization loop technology for miniaturized atomic clocks

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Journal of Semiconductors 2024年第6期45卷 13-22页

作者： Hongyang Zhang Xinlin Geng Zonglin Ye Kailei Wang Qian Xie Zheng Wang School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China

A frequency servo system-on-chip(FS-SoC)featuring output power stabilization technology is introduced in this study for high-precision and miniaturized cesium(Cs)atomic *** proposed power stabilization loop(PSL)technique,incorporating an off-chip power detector(PD),ensures that the output power of the FS-SoC remains stable,mitigating the impact of power fluctuations on the atomic clock's ***,a one-pulse-per-second(1PPS)is employed to syn-chronize the clock with *** using 65 nm CMOS technology,the measured phase noise of the FS-SoC stands at-69.5 dBc/Hz@100 Hz offset and-83.9 dBc/Hz@1 kHz offset,accompanied by a power dissipation of 19.7 *** Cs atomic clock employing the proposed FS-SoC and PSL obtains an Allan deviation of 1.7×10^(-11) with 1-s averaging time.

关键词： CMOS technology atomic clock phase-locked loop output power stabilization 1PPS

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Investigation of ionic and electronic mechanisms of nanogenerators based on multifunctional wood

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science China Technological sciences 2025年第6期68卷 138-147页

作者： Xu ZENG Xintian LIU Zhengnan SUN Yilin WANG Changliu HE Wenjie TANG Xiaosheng ZHANG School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China

In the modern age of the Internet of Things, nanogenerators have advanced due to their stability, portability, and sustainability. This study focuses on high-performance wood-based nanogenerators. Natural wood possesses a unique threedimensional microstructure with hierarchical, interconnected channels aligned along its growth direction. This porous, highly oriented structure of wood was fully studied and maintained during the whole delignification process. Calcium chloride and silver nanowires were used as backfilling agents in the delignified wood, enhancing its electrical conductivity. The resulting conductive wood served as both the friction layer and electrode, forming a single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator with excellent electrical output performance. Our findings highlight the potential of multifunctional wood as an eco-friendly,sustainable energy source, contributing to the future of smart cities.

关键词： nanogenerator wood electronics energy harvesting micro-electro-mechanical systems

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Neuromorphic terahertz imaging based on carbon nanotube circuits

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science China(Information sciences) 2023年第6期66卷 303-304页

作者： Nan YANG Zhizhong SI Xinhe WANG Xiaoyang LIN Weisheng ZHAO School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering Beihang University Fert Beijing Institute MIIT Key Laboratory of SpintronicsSchool of Integrated Circuit Science and EngineeringBeihang University

We propose a neuromorphic THz imaging system based on the integration of carbon nanotubes(CNTs) circuits and the spin-transfer torque magnetic tunnel junctions(STTMTJs). Utilizing the photothermoelectric effect of CNT...

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