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Model authentication hashing: Identifying pirated neural network models

Expert Systems with Applications 2025年 283卷

作者： Xiong, Cheng Feng, Guorui Sun, Yunlong Qian, Zhenxing Yao, Heng Qin, Chuan School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China School of Communication and Information Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai200444 China Department of Tourism Fudan university Shanghai200433 China Key Laboratory of Culture & Tourism Intelligent Computing of China Ministry of Culture and Tourism Shanghai200433 China School of Computer Science Fudan University Shanghai200433 China

Nowadays, a great number of neural network models have been trained and applied in many fields. At the same time, the emergence of vast network models has already highlighted the security problems of intellectual property protection. High-value pre-trained models of original inventors may be pirated and used by illegal users without authorization. In order to solve this problem, we first give the definition of model differentiation, and then propose an effective robust hashing method based on model parameters for piracy identification in this paper. Through our model hash generation network, the parameters of original model are transformed into a one-way hash sequence with the fixed length, and the robustness and discrimination of the model hashes can be utilized to authenticate model parameters. Experimental results show that the accuracy rates of similar model detection and different model discrimination under different cases are almost all greater than 96.5%, and the comprehensive performance of proposed method is also the best one compared with other 3 SOTA methods. These results mean that the proposed method can be applied for identifying illegal model piracy effectively. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Terrorism

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High-brightness betatron X-ray source driven by SULF-1 PW laser

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High Power Laser Science and engineering 2025年

作者： Zhang, Hong Deng, Zhigang Jiang, Hai Wang, Shaoyi Wei, Jianmeng Ge, Yanjie Chu, Genbai Chen, Xizhuan Wang, Hao Yan, Yonghong Feng, Ke Jiang, Kangnan Hu, Runshu Tan, Fang Zeng, Gaojie Guo, Hang Yang, Xintao Qian, Jiayi Zhu, Jiacheng Zhang, Zongxin Xu, Yi Leng, Yuxin Zhou, Weimin Li, Song Wang, Wentao Li, Ruxin Shanghai China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory Laser Fusion Research Center China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang China School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China

The betatron radiation source, features a micrometer-scale source size, femtosecond-scale pulse duration, milliradian-level divergence angles, and a broad spectrum exceeding tens of keV. It is conducive to the high-contrast imaging of minute structures and for investigating interdisciplinary ultrafast processes. In this study, we present a betatron X-ray source derived from a high-charge, high-energy electron beam through a laser wakefield accelerator driven by the 1 PW/0.1 Hz laser system at the Shanghai Superintense Ultrafast Laser Facility (SULF). The critical energy of betatron X-ray source is 22±5 keV. The maximum X-ray flux reaches up to 4×109 photons for each shot in the spectral range of 5-30 keV. Correspondingly, the experiment demonstrates a peak brightness of 1.0 × 1023 photons·s-1·mm-2·mrad-2·0.1%BW-1, comparable to those demonstrated by third-generation synchrotron light sources. Additionally, the imaging capability of the betatron X-ray source is validated. This study lays the foundation for future imaging applications. © 2025 Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.

关键词： Betatrons

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Laser heat-mode micro-ano-patterning of Ge3Sb2Te6 for tunable metasurfaces

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Applied Physics A 2025年第6期131卷 1-11页

作者： Chi, Jiahao Zhang, Kui Dai, Haolin Huang, Zhihong Wei, Jinsong Wang, Yang School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China College of Materials Science and Engineering Hunan University Changsha China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Phase change material Ge₃Sb₂Te₆ has received much attention for the fabrication of dynamically tunable metasurfaces owing to the lower electromagnetic losses in the infrared spectral range for both the amorphous and crystalline states. However, fabricating Ge₃Sb₂Te₆-based subwavelength structures by traditional photolithography remains a high-cost and complex process. In this paper, micro-/nanopatterning of Ge₃Sb₂Te₆ through laser heat-mode lithography was achieved. The high resolution of ~ 100 nm was obtained on Ge₃Sb₂Te₆ thin film by optimizing the exposure and developing characteristics. No additional pattern transfer process was needed. Meanwhile, the wet-etching mechanism of Ge₃Sb₂Te₆ was elucidated through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A Ge₃Sb₂Te₆-based tunable metasurface device with the electromagnetically induced transparency function was designed and prepared. The dimension error between the designed structure and the actual prepared structure was kept within 10 nm, which shows a high processing precision. It is a simple and effective solution for the preparation of dynamically tunable metasurface devices for infrared applications.

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Light utilization optimization of semi-transparent perovskite solar modules via constructing p-n homojunction for efficient four-terminal tandem devices

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Nano Energy 2025年 140卷

作者： Qian, Feng Yuan, Shihao Wang, Lei Zhang, Ting Xu, Qien Lan, Tianyu Zhang, Peng Sun, Qiming Chen, Zhi David Li, Shibin School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu611731 China College of Optical and Electronic Technology China Jiliang University Hangzhou310018 China Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Center for Nanoscale Science & Engineering University of Kentucky LexingtonKY40506 United States

The low light utilization efficiency (LUE) in semi-transparent perovskite solar modules (ST-PSMs) poses significant challenges to their power conversion efficiency (PCE) and potential integration into four-terminal (4-T) tandem cells. In a groundbreaking development, we have introduced a novel approach by incorporating tin oxide nanoparticles (SnO2 NPs) into the perovskite solution. This innovation has led to the construction of p-n homojunctions within the upper layer of large-area films. Our strategy has not only enhanced the built-in electric field through the p-n homojunctions, but also improved the circulation of visible light within the perovskite film via NPs scattering. This dual action has improved both charge transport efficiency and light management, thereby significantly optimizing the LUE of ST-PSMs. As a result, the 56.9 cm2 ST-PSMs have achieved a certified PCE of 17.2 %. When mechanically stacked with silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells to form 4-T tandem devices, an impressive PCE of 27.2 % was realized. This pioneering strategy paves the way for a new paradigm in enhancing the performance of perovskite tandem solar devices, offering a promising avenue for future solar energy applications. © 2025

关键词： Energy conversion efficiency

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Rotational Doppler effect using ultra-dense vector perfect vortex beams

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Photonics Research 2025年第2期13卷 468-476页

作者： JIANBO GAO XINGYUAN LU XUECHUN ZHAO ZHUOYI WANG JUNAN ZHU ZHIQUAN HU JINGJING HE QIWEN ZHAN YANGJIAN CAI CHENGLIANG ZHAO School of Physical Science and Technology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Frontier Material Physics and DevicesSoochow University School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations&Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device School of Physics and ElectronicsShandong Normal University Shandong Joint Research Center of Light Manipulation Science and Photonics Integrated Chip of East China Normal University and Shandong Normal University East China Normal University

The rotational Doppler effect holds significant potential for remote sensing of rotating objects due to its real-time performance and non-contact advantages.A single-ring beam is used to measure rotation *** enhance the signal-to-noise ratio and measure additional parameters,multiple rings are introduced in the context of a rotational Doppler ***,the interference between these rings poses a challenge for multitasking detection *** this study,cross-polarization superposition was applied to generate an ultra-dense vector perfect vortex beam that exhibited sensitivity to spatial position and object size,and flexibility in designing topological charge combinations for generating frequency combs.A proof-of-principle experiment was conducted to demonstrate its capability in improving the signal-to-noise ratio,and accurately perceiving both the radius of rotation and radial *** ultra-dense vector perfect vortex beam provides a general strategy for beam construction and the multi-parameter perception of rotating objects,thereby enabling potential applications in the measurement of velocity gradient measurement of fluids.

关键词： Doppler effect Fiber optic communications Frequency combs optical tweezers Phase modulation Remote sensing

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A Robust Integrated Estimation of Unknown Disturbances, Parameters and States for Linear Time-Varying Systems

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IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 2025年

作者： Xu, Xiaoyi Luo, Hao Huo, Mingyi Jiang, Yuchen Zhang, Xiao Lv, Xin Harbin Institute of Technology Control and Simulation Center Harbin150001 China University of Shanghai for Science and Technology School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering Shanghai200093 China Beihang University Department of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beijing100191 China Harbin Institute of Technology School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Harbin150001 China

In the industrial fields, widespread disturbances often negatively impact system control performance. Accurately estimating the unknown system dynamics and disturbances is the key for improving the system control performance. Traditional estimationmethods typically require prior knowledge of model parameters and disturbance dynamics. However, due to practical constraints, accurate prior information is difficult to obtain. Facing such a practical demand, in this article we propose a novel approach formultiinput multioutput time-varying systems to estimate the system states, parameters, and disturbances simultaneously. More specifically, a robust integrated estimation approach is designed to achieve this goal by cooperatively regulating all estimation errors. The only requirement for the design of the proposed integrated estimation approach is the measurable data from system operations. Besides, the solid theoretical results, experiments on a numerical example and application to a quadrotor under payload disturbance are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. © 1982-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Time varying systems

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Terahertz Nonvolatile Vectorial Holography With Random Repetitive Encryption and Nonreciprocal Janus Imaging Based on Magnetic Heterogeneous Integrated Metasurface

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Laser and Photonics Reviews 2025年

作者： Wang, Hao Fan, Fei Li, Pengxuan Xue, Qiang Tan, Zhiyu Zhao, Dan Zhao, Huijun Yang, Qinghui Wen, Qiye Chang, Shengjiang Institute of Modern Optics Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology Nankai University Tianjin300350 China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology Tianjin300350 China School of Electronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu610054 China School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China

Vectorial holography expands the information dimensionalities of the image, manifesting significant value in applications such as optical encryption, and polarization multiplexing. To address challenges like erasable storage, secret key leakage, and echo noise, a dynamic terahertz vectorial holography is demonstrated based on magnetic heterogeneous integrated metasurfaces with nonvolatility and nonreciprocity, whose polarization states vary continuously along the latitude of the whole Poincare Sphere with the experimental polarization ellipticity angles in the image covering −0.23π–0.21π rad, and can be stored or erased through nonvolatile magnetic rotation. This allows for the encryption with a random dynamic polarization secret key that can be regenerated indefinitely, greatly eliminating the risk of key leakage. The crosstalk between the orthogonal polarization states in the encryption is less than 0.0056. Meanwhile, leveraging the magneto-optical nonreciprocity, the metasurface functions as a Janus hologram with one-way isolation between forward and backward illumination, of which the image area proportion of over 5 dB isolation reaches 89%, effectively eliminating echo noise and further improving the anti-interference. This work addresses the gaps in terahertz dynamic vectorial holography, realizes the nonvolatile and nonreciprocal polarization information processing, and mitigates risks of secret key leakage and echo interference. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Magnetic leakage

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Grating pitch comparator traceable to the Cr atom transition frequency

引用

Measurement: Journal of the International Measurement Confederation 2025年 242卷

作者： Lin, Zichao Deng, Xiao Wu, Yize Feng, Jingtong Zhu, Hongyu Yang, Yaao Yu, Jing Xue, Dongbai Wang, Jianbo Shi, Yushu Jin, Tao Zhang, Wentao Dun, Xiong Cheng, Xinbin Li, Tongbao MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics Institute of Precision Optical Engineering School of Physics Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai200092 China National Institute of Metrology China Beijing100029 China College of metrology and measurement engineering China Jiliang University Hangzhou310018 China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing School of Optoelectronic Engineering Guilin University of Electronic Technology Guilin541004 China School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China

Calibration of the grating pitch typically requires metrological instruments or diffraction techniques. The traceability and stability demands for laser wavelength in these techniques present substantial challenges for on-site grating calibration. This paper introduces a novel traceability approach to grating pitch calibration using a grating pitch comparator that utilizes the transition frequency of the chromium. The chromium transition frequency is converted into a chromium grating through atom lithography, establishing a self-traceable length standard dCr = 212.7787 ± 0.0049 nm. Calibration of the test grating's pitch is achieved by comparing the phase shift caused by the simultaneous movement of the chromium grating and the test grating. By using the dCr, this approach combines the high-accuracy of fundamental physical constants with the environmental stability of grating interferometers, eliminating the need for measuring laser wavelength, air refraction, diffraction angles. It significantly enhances the precision and makes more straightforward and portable, crucial for facilitating traceable on-site grating measurements. © 2024

关键词： Comparators (optical)

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Robustness Optimization for Compact Free-electron Laser Driven by Laser Wakefield Accelerators

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2025年

作者： Jiang, Hai Feng, Ke Hu, Runshu Zhan, Qiwen Wang, Wentao Li, Ruxin School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China Shanghai201800 China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing101408 China School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai201210 China

Despite the successful demonstration of compact free electron lasers (FELs) driven by laser wakefield accelerators (LWFAs), the shot-to-shot fluctuations inherent to LWFAs remain a major obstacle to realizing LWFA-driven FELs with high gain and robust operation. Here, we present a conceptual design for LWFA-driven FELs with enhanced robustness and reliability. By employing Bayesian optimization techniques, the beamline was optimized to achieve sufficient tolerance against these fluctuations under actual experimental conditions. Start-to-end simulations revealed that this systematic optimization significantly reduces the system’s sensitivity to parametric variations. With the optimized configurations, the radiation energy can be maintained above 1 µJ at a wavelength of approximately 25 nm, even when accounting for twice the root-mean-square (RMS) ranges of these inherent jitters. This proposed scheme represents a substantial advancement in the development of compact LWFA-driven FEL systems, enabling robust operation and paving the way for the realization of reliable and widely accessible sources. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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Tailoring temperature response for a multimode fiber

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Opto-Electronic Science 2025年第1期4卷 12-24页

作者： Han Gao Haifeng Hu Qiwen Zhan School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Institute of Modern Optics Nankai UniversityTianjin 300350China Zhangjiang Laboratory 100 Haike RoadShanghai 201204China Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China.

This work introduces special states for light in multimode fibers featuring strongly enhanced or reduced correlations be-tween output fields in the presence of environmental temperature *** experimentally measured multi-tem-perature transmission matrix,a set of temperature principal modes that exhibit resilience to disturbances caused by tem-perature fluctuations can be *** this concept also allows the construction of temperature anti-principal modes,with output profiles more susceptible to temperature influences than the unmodulated *** changes in the length of the multimode fiber within the temperature-fluctuating region,the proposed approach remains capable of robustly controlling the temperature response within the *** illustrate the practicality of the proposed spe-cial state,a learning-empowered fiber specklegram temperature sensor based on temperature anti-principal mode sensi-tization is *** sensor exhibits outstanding superiority over traditional approaches in terms of resolution and *** novel states are anticipated to have wide-ranging applications in fiber communication,sensing,imaging,and spectroscopy,and serve as a source of inspiration for the discovery of other novel states.

关键词： multimode fiber principal mode wavefront shaping optical fiber sensor temperature response

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