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High-Performance and Intelligent Digital Active Sensor System for Epilepsy Information Acquisition and Classification

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第9期25卷 16392-16410页

作者： Sun, Jianhui Chen, Xiaodong Yao, Wenlong Liu, Guozhu Li, Tianlai Liu, Zhenpeng Jiang, Zekun Shandong Normal University School of Physics and Electronics Jinan250358 China Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology Institute of Electronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China 58th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuxi214035 China Southeast University School of Electronic Science and Engineering Nanjing210096 China Shandong Normal University Informatization Office Jinan250358 China Sichuan University College of Computer Science Chengdu610041 China

In this article, we present a performance-enhanced digital active sensor system consisting of a quantum-enhanced active sensor (that frontend micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) electrode coupled with readout circuits) and an artificial intelligence (AI) empowered engine, which is used for detecting dual-mode neural signals sensitively and classifying about epilepsy disease accurately, respectively. First, digital active sensors with improved sensitivity and reliability include: 1) the active sensor’s bare microelectrode array (MEA) manufactured from the perspective of quantum mechanics;2) the high-resolution active sensor’s information quantizer for weak neural electrophysiological signal quantization with noise depression techniques;and 3) transmitting power of the radio transmitter reduces by employing bitstream compression with fast rolling-in hash table method. Second, structure and subsystem re-synthesizable AI engine with flexible and scalability abilities. For bare microelectrodes, on the one side, an optimized stack Si3N4/SiO2 dielectric thin film of the bare microelectrode can prevent leakage caused by Fowler-Nordheim (FN) tunneling and stress-induced leakage-current (SILC) effects, also solve the microelectrode peeling problem caused by mechanical stress. In addition, nanomaterial Pt with nanostructure modified on the surface of Pt/Ti alloy of the bare microelectrode for reconstructing local Fermi level, increasing charge injection, and boosting electrocatalytic with continuous-descent-energy-step (CDES) approach. For the neurotransmitter microelectrode manufactured based on the bare microelectrode, the tested linear range is 0.998° and sensitivity is 0.0072 pA/ µm2. Energy consumption of the entire digital active sensor is less than 70 mW under a 1.8-V power and electrophysiological spike resolution is 0.93 µV. The recognition accuracy of the resynthesizable AI engine arrives at 99.74% using a random forest model, which is appropriate for epilepsy di

关键词： Microelectrodes

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Lensless efficient snapshot hyperspectral imaging using dynamic phase modulation

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Photonics Research 2025年第2期13卷 511-526页

作者： CHONG ZHANG XIANGLEI LIU LIZHI WANG SHINING MA YUANJIN ZHENG YUE LIU HUA HUANG YONGTIAN WANG WEITAO SONG Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display School of Optics and Photonics Beijing Institute of Technology Zhengzhou Research Institute Beijing Institute of Technology State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University School of Computer Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University School of Artificial Intelligence Beijing Normal University

Snapshot hyperspectral imaging based on a diffractive optical element(DOE) is increasingly featured in recent progress in deep optics. Despite remarkable advances in spatial and spectral resolutions, the limitations of current photolithography technology have prevented the fabricated DOE from being designed at ideal heights and with high diffraction efficiency, diminishing the effectiveness of coded imaging and reconstruction accuracy in some bands. Here, we propose, to our knowledge, a new lensless efficient snapshot hyperspectral imaging(LESHI)system that utilizes a liquid-crystal-on-silicon spatial light modulator(LCoS-SLM) to replace the traditionally fabricated DOE, resulting in high modulation levels and reconstruction accuracy. Beyond the single-lens imaging model, the system can leverage the switch ability of LCoS-SLM to implement distributed diffractive optics(DDO)imaging and enhance diffraction efficiency across the full visible spectrum. Using the proposed method, we develop a proof-of-concept prototype with an image resolution of 1920 × 1080 pixels, an effective spatial resolution of 41.74 μm, and a spectral resolution of 10 nm, while improving the average diffraction efficiency from 0.75 to0.91 over the visible wavelength range(400–700 nm). Additionally, LESHI allows the focal length to be adjusted from 50 mm to 100 mm without the need for additional optical components, providing a cost-effective and timesaving solution for real-time on-site debugging. LESHI is the first imaging modality, to the best of our knowledge,to use dynamic diffractive optics and snapshot hyperspectral imaging, offering a completely new approach to computational spectral imaging and deep optics.

关键词： Diffraction efficiency Diffractive optical elements Imaging systems Phase modulation Spatial light modulators Spatial resolution

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Enhanced ferromagnetism in an artificially stretched lattice in quasi-two-dimensional Cr2Ge2Te6

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Physical Review B 2025年第2期111卷 L020402-L020402页

作者： Hiroshi Idzuchi Andres E. Llacsahuanga Allcca Anh Khoa Augustin Lu Mitsuhiro Saito Subhadip Das John F. Ribeiro Michel Houssa Ruishen Meng Kazutoshi Inoue WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR) Tohoku University Sendai 980-8577 Japan Center for Science and Innovation in Spintronics (CSIS) Tohoku University Sendai 980-8577 Japan Department of Physics and Astronomy Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA Department of Physics The University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Birck Nanotechnology Center and Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA Mathematics for Advanced Materials Open Innovation Laboratory National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Sendai 980-8577 Japan Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan Institute of Engineering Innovation The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-8656 Japan Institute of Physics and Astronomy and Villum Centers for Dirac Materials and for Hybrid Quantum Materials and Devices Aarhus University 8000 Aarhus-C Denmark School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Katholieke Universiteit Leuven 3001 Leuven Belgium

Crystal lattice is key in understanding magnetic interactions between atoms in solids. As the effective control of the lattice via tensile stress is limited, there are only a few demonstrations of controlling magnetic properties by expanding the lattice. This study reveals a clear correlation between enhanced magnetism, where Curie temperature (TC) is doubled from ∼60 to ∼120 K, and lattice expansion in prototypical van der Waals magnet Cr2Ge2Te6 with sputtered dielectric overlayers NiO and MgO. We ascribe the mechanism of this TC increase to a change in exchange interactions induced by strain, studied by several experimental probes and computational approaches.

关键词： Van der Waals forces

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FedPG: a privacy-friendly and universal method for solving non-IID data in federated learning

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Pattern Analysis and Applications 2025年第2期28卷 1-14页

作者： Xue, Baolu Zhang, Jiale Chen, Bing Meng, Weizhi College of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China College of Information Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou China School of Mathematics Physics and Computing University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba Australia Collaborative Innovation Center of Novel Software Technology and Industrialization Nanjing China School of Computing and Communications Lancaster University Lancaster United Kingdom

Federated learning (FL) is a privacy-preserving distributed learning framework which could harness the potential of decentralized multimedia data. However, a significant hurdle lies in the non-uniform distribution of data among clients, leading to slow convergence and subpar accuracy in the global model. Although several approaches have been proposed to address this challenge, two key limitations remain. First, these methods frequently require access to information about local data or even the raw data, which raises significant privacy concerns for clients. Second, these methods struggle to perform well in a common non-IID scenario: class missingness, and they often fail to fully resolve the issue of client drift. In response, in this paper, we propose a privacy-friendly and universal method FedPG to solve non-IID data in FL. The core idea behind FedPG is to leverage homogeneous virtual data to alleviate both data heterogeneity and client drift. Specifically, FedPG introduces a novel image generation method based on prototype loss, which does not require any additional privacy-sensitive information. This approach generates synthetic datasets aligned with the global distribution to effectively assist local training. Besides, we also design a local training method that is suitable for scenarios involving class missingness, enabling both feature adaptation and classifier de-biasing. The comprehensive experiments demonstrate the efficacy of our FedPG framework. In the majority of cases, FedPG not only achieves superior accuracy but also exhibits accelerated convergence rates compared to alternative approaches. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Data heterogeneity Domain adaptation Federated learning Prototype

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Quantum lattice representation of nonlinear classical physics

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Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids 2025年第1-2期180卷 98-102页

作者： Soe, Min Vahala, George Vahala, Linda Ram, Abhay K. Koukoutsis, Efstratios Hizanidis, Kyriakos Department of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Rogers State University ClaremoreOK United States Department of Physics William & Mary WilliamsburgVA United States Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Old Dominion University NorfolkVA United States Plasma Science and Fusion Center MIT CambridgeMA United States School of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens Zographou Greece

Using the Madelung transformation on a generalized scalar Gross–Pitaevski equation, a nonlinear continuum fluid equations are derived for a classical fluid. A unitary quantum lattice algorithm is then determined as a second order discrete representation of this Gross–Pitaevski equation and the simulations are compared to those using classical fluid dynamic techniques. © 2025 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： Nonlinear equations

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Multipole Moment Matching in OAM Light-Matter Interaction 19

Multipole Moment Matching in OAM Light-Matter Interaction

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Complex Light and Optical Forces XIX 2025

作者： Mamani, Sandra Doronin, Alexander Alfano, Robert R. Institute for Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Lasers Department of Physics The City College of the City University of New York 160 Convent Avenue New YorkNY10031 United States School of Engineering and Computer Science Victoria University of Wellington Wellington6140 New Zealand

ISBN: (纸本)9781510685345

This work focuses on the light-matter interaction of polarized Laguerre-Gaussian beams, which carry various polarizations (i.e. radial, azimuthal, circular) and orbital angular momentum (OAM). During the light-matter interaction, the structured light studied can have multiple poles of OAM, which travel in a medium that has a certain topological structure. Matching up the multipole moments of the material with the light can maximize and enhance an optical process. The multipole moment interaction can be represented through an expansion where a: Monopole is L=0, Dipole is L=1, Quadrupole is L=2, Octupole is L=3, and Hexadecapole is L=4. In general, the structure light interacting with the media plays a key role in our research. The electric field of these special modes can be expanded in terms of multipoles of Laguerre–Gaussian modes, which can interact favorably with the multipole property of the media as the light propagates. This interaction is best when the multipoles of both the beam and the media match as Eigen states. Our results will show that the enhancement of the studied optical process is attributed to matching up the respective multipole moment distribution based on the structure and topology of the beam and the interacting media. The Multipole Moment Matching will be studied through a transmission experiment and Monte Carlo Simulation. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Gaussian beams

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Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Carbon-Carbon Coupling Reaction under Atmospheric Temperature and Pressure Conditions Using Hybrid Cu2O-Pd Nanostructures

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ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 2025年第18期17卷 26651-26660页

作者： Addanki Tirumala, Ravi Teja Gyawali, Sunil Le, Tien Kumar, Shivam Tan, Susheng Wang, Bin Bristow, Alan D. Andiappan, Marimuthu Department of Chemical Biological and Materials Engineering University of South Florida TampaFL33620 United States School of Sustainable Chemical Biological and Materials Engineering University of Oklahoma NormanOK73019 United States Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis University of Kansas LawrenceKS66047 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy West Virginia University MorgantownWV26506-6315 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Petersen Institute of Nano Science and Engineering University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA15260 United States

Metal-catalyzed carbon-carbon (C-C) coupling reactions are important in the chemical industry. These reactions are conventionally carried out through fossil-fuel-derived heat-driven high-temperature catalytic processes. In this contribution, we report that Pd nanoclusters decorated on the surface of quasi-spherical Cu2O (i.e., Cu2O-Pd) nanoparticles can successfully photocatalyze the C-C coupling reaction under ambient temperature and pressure conditions. Oxidative C-C homocoupling of phenylacetylene into diphenyl diacetylene is used as the probe reaction. Based on our results from transient reflection, density functional theory calculations, and photoreactor studies, we propose that the photocatalytic mechanism involves photon-excited electron transfer from Cu2O into Pd nanoclusters and the subsequent activation of the phenylacetylene molecules by these excited electrons in the Pd nanoclusters. The visible-light-driven photocatalytic C-C coupling approach demonstrated herein can decarbonize C-C coupling processes in the chemical industry since the visible light input can be supplied from renewable energy resources. © 2025 American Chemical Society.

关键词： Chemical industry

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Comparative Analysis of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) in Various Ring Resonator Configurations

Comparative Analysis of Electromagnetically Induced Transpar...

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International Conference on computer and Automation engineering, ICCAE

作者： Charmaine C. Paglinawan Arnold C. Paglinawan Benjamin B. Dingel Ramon Benedict L. Lapina School of Electrical Electronics and Computer Engineering Mapua University Manila Philippines Department of Physics School of Science and Engineering Ateneo de Manila University Quezon City Philippines

ISBN: (数字)9798331533816

ISBN: (纸本)9798331533823

Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is a phenomenon where a narrow transparency window appears within an absorption band of a material due to quantum interference. This effect has significant applications in various fields, including slow light devices, optical filters, and sensors. This paper compares three prominent EIT implementation resonator structures: single direct-coupled, double coupler add-drop, standard double resonator (SDR), coupled ring reflector (CRR) and self-coupled optical waveguide (SCOW). We analyze their underlying mechanisms, performance characteristics, and suitability for different applications, supported by recent research from 2020 onwards. We also present simulated transmission spectra, using Lumerical Interconnect, for each configuration to visually illustrate their distinct features.

关键词： Optical filters Structural rings Integrated optics Electromagnetic waveguides Couplers Optical coupling Optical sensors Optical reflection Optical ring resonators Optical waveguides

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Tool Condition Prediction in High-Speed Milling Using Deep Q-Networks (DQN) and Sensor Fusion Data 3

Tool Condition Prediction in High-Speed Milling Using Deep Q...

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3rd IEEE International Conference on Automation and Computation, AUTOCOM 2025

作者： Dilli Ganesh, V. Duklan, Nitin Alabdeli, Haider Johri, Prashant Mohanraj, T. Venkatesh, R. Department of Mechanical Engineering Chennai India Uttaranchal University Dehradun India College of Technical engineering The Islamic University Department of Computers Techniques Engineering Najaf Iraq School of Computing Science and Engineering Galgotias University Greater Noida India Karpagam Academy of Higher Education Department of Computer Science Engineering Coimbatore India Department of Physics Dindigul India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331542375

Highly effective and reliable high-speed milling depends on the timely tool condition monitoring (TCM) check. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for tool condition prediction based on DQN with sensor fusion data. Both contact and non-contact sensors such as, vibrational, force, and acoustic emission sensors are utilized to gather data in real time during milling. The information collected by these sensors are integrated into a number of important features to be used in DQN model to learn the prediction of tool wear and possible failure. The DQN model is built to learn from the response of the milling environment characterized by tool condition in terms of wear and the remaining useful life (RUL). The results derived from experiments tend to show that the utilised DQNbased model has better quantitative values for accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score than classical machine learning models like artificial neural networks (ANN), support vector regression (SVR), decision trees and etc. The integration of the sensor data enhances the overall prediction reliability, a factor which is highly achieved from the fusion of the data received from the vibration, force and acoustic emission sensors. The overall system proposed has significant application for real time implementation and demonstrates relatively short prediction time and is less sensitive to changes in the machining conditions. This proposed methodology is a feasible approach for improving tool life and reducing time needed for high speed milling applications. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Milling (machining)

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Shaping terahertz harmonic frequency combs with frequency-dependent external reflectors

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Physical Review A 2025年第4期111卷 043522-043522页

作者： Carlo Silvestri Xiaoqiong Qi Thomas Taimre Aleksandar D. Rakić Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS) School of Physics University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia School of Mathematics and Physics The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia

We present a method for engineering harmonic frequency combs (HFCs) in the terahertz spectral region. This approach involves interfacing a quantum cascade laser (QCL) with an external reflector featuring frequency-dependent reflectivity. A notable advantage of this method over existing ones is its dual functionality in shaping HFCs, allowing for control over both the frequency offset and comb spacing based on the external reflectivity profile. Moreover, the resulting HFCs manifest as sequences of short pulses in the time domain. Consequently, our method enables the generation of ultrashort picosecond pulses passively, providing a distinct alternative to conventional pulse generation systems reliant on active bias current modulation, which struggle with modulation frequencies significantly higher than the first beat note. This offers intriguing prospects for utilizing HFCs in pump and probe spectroscopy, a field already recognized in the literature as one of the most compelling applications of these states. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these HFCs can be triggered from an initial condition of free-running unlocked dynamics, eliminating the need for assuming free-running comb emission. Thus, the utilization of an external, frequency-dependent reflector is capable of enhancing the coherence of the QCL emission.

关键词： Quantum cascade lasers

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