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Diagnosis of focal spots at relativistic intensity utilizing coherent radiation from laser-driven flying electron sheets

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2025年第2期10卷 20-27页

作者： Shirui Xu Zhuo Pan Ying Gao Jiarui Zhao Shiyou Chen Zhusong Mei Xun Chen Ziyang Peng Xuan Liu Yulan Liang Tianqi Xu Tan Song Qingfan Wu Yujia Zhang Zhipeng Liu Zihao Zhang Haoran Chen Qihang Han Jundong Shen Chenghao Hua Kun Zhu Yanying Zhao Chen Lin Xueqing Yan Wenjun Ma State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of Physics Peking University Beijing Laser Acceleration Innovation Center Guangdong Institute of Laser Plasma Accelerator Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics Shanxi University

Experimental validation of laser intensity is particularly important for the study of fundamental physics at extremely high intensities. However,reliable diagnosis of the focal spot and peak intensity faces huge challenges. In this work, we demonstrate for the firs time that the coherent radiation farfiel patterns from laser–foil interactions can serve as an in situ, real-time, and easy-to-implement diagnostic for an ultraintense laser focus. The laser-driven electron sheets, curved by the spatially varying laser fiel and leaving the targets at nearly the speed of light,produce doughnut-shaped patterns depending on the shapes of the focal spot and the absolute laser intensities. Assisted by particle-in-cell simulations, we can achieve measurements of the intensity and the focal spot, and provide immediate feedback to optimize the focal spots for extremely high intensity.

关键词： Focusing

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Constraining dark matter models with a light mediator from the CDEX-10 experiment at China Jinping Underground laboratory

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Chinese physics C 2025年第4期49卷 11-15页

作者： Qi-Yuan Nie Wen-Han Dai Hao Ma Qian Yue Ke-Jun Kang Yuan-Jing Li Hai-Peng An C.Greeshma Jian-Ping Chang Yun-Hua Chen Jian-Ping Cheng Zhi Deng Chang-Hao Fang Xin-Ping Geng Hui Gong Tao Guo Xu-Yuan Guo Li He Jin-Rong He Han-Xiong Huang Tu-Chen Huang S.Karmakar Jian-Min Li Jin Li Yu-Lan Li Hau-Bin Li Ming-Chuan Li Han-Yu Li Qian-Yun Li Ren-Ming-Jie Li Xue-Qian Li Yi-Fan Liang Bin Liao Fong-Kay Lin Shin-Ted Lin Jia-Xuan Liu Yan-Dong Liu Yuan-Yuan Liu Shu-Kui Liu Yu Liu Hui Pan Ning-Chun Qi Jie Ren Xi-Chao Ruan Man-Bin Shen Manoj Kumar Singh Wen-Liang Sun Tian-Xi Sun Chang-Jian Tang Yang Tian Hong-Fei Wan Jun-Zheng Wang Yu-Feng Wang Guang-Fu Wang Li Wang Qing Wang Henry-Tsz-King Wong Yu-Cheng Wu Hao-Yang Xing Kai-Zhi Xiong Rui Xu Yin Xu Tao Xue Yu-Lu Yan Li-Tao Yang Nan Yi Chun-Xu Yu Hai-Jun Yu Xiao Yu Ming Zeng Zhi Zeng Zhen-Hua Zhang Zhen-Yu Zhang Peng Zhang Feng-Shou Zhang Lei Zhang Ji-Zhong Zhao Kang-Kang Zhao Ming-Gang Zhao Ji-Fang Zhou Zu-Ying Zhou Jing-Jun Zhu CDEX Collaboration Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging(Ministry of Education)and Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084 Department of Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084 Institute of Physics Academia SinicaTaipei 11529 NUCTECH Company Beijing 100084 YaLong River Hydropower Development Company Chengdu 610051 School of Physics and Astronomy Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875 College of Physics Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065 Department of Nuclear Physics China Institute of Atomic EnergyBeijing 102413 Sino-French Institute of Nuclear and Technology Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082 School of Physics Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071 Department of Physics Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi 221005 不详

We search for nuclear recoil signals of dark matter(DM)models with a light mediator using data taken from a p-type point-contact germanium detector of the CDEX-10 experiment at the China Jinping Underground *** 90%confidence level upper limits on the DM-nucleon interaction cross section from 205.4 kg-day exposure data are derived,excluding the new parameter space in 2−3 GeV DM mass when the mediator mass is comparable to or lower than the typical momentum *** further interpret our results to constrain a specific self-interacting DM model with a light mediator coupling to the photon through kinetic mixing and set experimental limits on the model parameter region favored by astrophysical observations.

关键词： dark matter direct detection self-interacting dark matter

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Edge supercurrent in Josephson junctions based on topological materials

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Science China(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第2期68卷 1-12页

作者： Junjie Qi Chui-Zhen Chen Juntao Song Jie Liu Ke He Qing-Feng Sun X.C.Xie Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences Beijing 100193China School of Physical Science and Technology Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China Institute for Advanced Study Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China College of Physics and Hebei Advanced Thin Films Laboratory Hebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang 050024China School of Physics Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityMinistry of Education Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed MatterXi’an 710049China State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics Department of PhysicsTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information Beijing 100084China Hefei National Laboratory Hefei 230088China International Center for Quantum Materials School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Interdisciplinary Center for Theoretical Physics and Information Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

The interplay between novel topological states and superconductivity has garnered substantial interest due to its potential for topological quantum *** Josephson effect serves as a useful probe for edge superconductivity in these hybrid topological *** Josephson junctions based on topological materials,supercurrents exhibit unique quantum interference patterns,including the conventional Fraunhofer oscillations,theΦ_(0)-periodic oscillation,and the 2Φ_(0)-periodic oscillation in response to the external magnetic field(Φ_(0)=h/2e is the flux quantum,h the Planck constant,and e the electron charge).These interference patterns stem from varied Andreev reflection mechanisms and the associated current density *** review seeks to comprehensively examine the theoretical and experimental advancements in understanding the quantum interference patterns of edge supercurrents in Josephson junctions based on quantum spin Hall,quantum Hall,and quantum anomalous Hall systems.

关键词： quantum Hall effect quantum spin Hall effect quantum anomalous Hall effect Josephson junction edge supercurrent Andreev reflection

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Pressure-induced nano-crystallization and high hardness of optically transparent α-Si3N4 ceramics

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Science China(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第5期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 187-195页

作者： Shuailing Ma Wei Li Xiaoqi Zhang Kathy Lu Min Lian Xinmiao Wei Yilong Pan Hai Jiang Hongwei Wang Zihan Zhang Qiang Tao Tian Cui Ralf Riedel Pinwen Zhu Institute of High-Pressure Physics School of Physical Scientific and Technology Ningbo University Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Alabama at Birmingham Synergetic Extreme Condition High-Pressure Science Center State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials College of Physics Jilin University Department of Materials and Earth Sciences Technical University of Darmstadt

Transparent silicon nitride ceramics with good optical and mechanical properties are promising ceramics for scientific and industrial window materials with a long service life. The optical transparency and mechanical strength will be substantially enhanced in dense nano-polycrystalline monoliths. However, the synthesis of nano-polycrystalline α-Si3N4has not been realized due to the limitations of conventional sintering techniques. Here, nano-polycrystalline α-Si3N4was prepared by direct conversion of micron-grain silicon nitride without additives under high-pressure conditions of 5 GPa and a limited temperature range 1650°C-1700°C. The micron-sized grains undergo grain refinement and recrystallization to form uniform nano-grains under high pressure and high temperature. Furthermore, transparent α-Si3N4samples exhibit the highest Vickers hardness of 26.7 GPa, which is far higher than that of specimens with or without additives used in other sintering methods（e.g., SPS, and HP）. According to the Hall-Petch and Taylor dislocation hardening effects, the refined nano-grains, coherent grain boundaries,and high dislocation density lead to high hardness. Moreover, the high density, nanoscale grains, and fine grain boundaries are ascribed to the improvement of transparency. Ultrahigh-pressure sintering induces grain refinement, grain coherency, and increased dislocation in silicon nitrides, thus providing a promising method for preparing advanced transparent ceramic windows in the future.

关键词： silicon nitride high pressure and high temperature transparent ceramics hardness

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Three-dimensional liquid metal circuits enabled by deformation-programmable substrate

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Science China Technological Sciences 2025年第5期68卷 34-43页

作者： Chengjie JIANG Lanxi ZHANG Xiaoqing LI Jiaping LIU Zhi WANG Rui GUO School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering Tianjin University State Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences

With the development of electronic devices towards miniaturization and high performance, traditional planar circuits have gradually failed to meet the growing space and functionality requirements. In this work, based on the deformationprogrammable film, an innovative liquid metal three-dimensional(3D) circuit fabrication method is proposed, which can transform the planar circuits into 3D circuits. The shrinkage of the deformation-programmable film was precisely controlled by converting it to a partially shrinkable film by introducing a non-shrinkable zone, and the interconnection of circuits on threedimensional structures was realized by taking advantage of the low mobility and high compliance of semi-liquid *** with a variety of three-dimensional structures were fabricated using this technique. This work details the deformation of partially shrinkable films, the rheological properties of semi-liquid metal, and the key parameters in the manufacturing process. The 3D circuits fabricated in this work show excellent electrical properties and mechanical stability(the conductivity is 9 × 10～6S/m, and the resistance shows less than 2% loss after 5000 bending cycles). In addition, we demonstrate the potential application of this technique in curved conformal electronic devices. The research in this paper not only provides a new method for fabricating 3D circuits but also opens up new possibilities for the design and fabrication of future electronic devices.

关键词： 3D electronics surface electronics liquid metal flexible electronics deformation-programmable film

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Twofold symmetric superconductivity in NbSe2 monolayers with vacancy defects

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Physical Review B 2025年第6期111卷 L060503-L060503页

作者： Jizheng Wu Wenyu He Yong Xu Chen Si School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100191 China School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information Beijing 100084 China

Monolayer NbSe2, as an Ising superconductor, has attracted considerable attention. Experimentally, its samples inevitably contain defects, yet the effects of these defects on superconductivity remain largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that selenium (Se) monovacancies, the most common defects in monolayer NbSe2, critically affect superconductivity. Specifically, Se monovacancies disrupt both the out-of-plane mirror symmetry and the C3z rotational symmetry in pristine monolayer NbSe2, resulting in an asymmetric spin-orbit coupling (SOC). While pristine monolayer NbSe2, which possesses Ising SOC, exhibits an isotropic in-plane upper critical field (Bc2), the asymmetric SOC induced by Se monovacancies leads the in-plane Bc2 to display an anisotropic twofold symmetry in response to the direction of the in-plane magnetic field. Furthermore, Se monovacancies significantly reduce the in-plane spin susceptibility of the superconducting state, causing Bc2 to exceed the Pauli limit only moderately, consistent with experimental observations. These findings provide valuable insights into the role of defects in tuning superconductivity of two-dimensional materials.

关键词： Spin orbit coupling

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A Computer Simulation Study on Deposition Patterns of Cyclic Diblock Copolymer Solution Nanodroplets:Influence of Polymer Length and Concentration

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2025年第1期41卷 21-32页

作者： PEI Hanwen ZHANG Jun SUN Zhaoyan State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry&Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun130022P.R.China School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026P.R.China

Molecular dynamics simulations are conducted to investigate the deposition patterns of cyclic diblock copolymer solution nanodroplets on solid surfaces(walls).The primary focus is how initial polymer concentration,chain length,and solvent-wall interaction affect these *** patterns are categorized into phase diagrams,mainly composed of multihollow,coffee-ring,and multilayer *** also study the deposition of polymer blocks with different adsorption behavior by adjusting the interaction strength between the polymer block and the wall[ε_(A(B)W)],including weakly adsorbable(ε_(A(B)W)=0.6),moderately adsorbable(ε_(A(B)W)=1.0),and strongly adsorbable(εA(B)W=1.2)polymer *** study identifies the key factors influencing the droplet’s deposition structure and elucidates the mechanisms behind pattern *** findings contribute to the design of deposition patterns for cyclic diblock copolymer solution nanodroplets,enhancing applications related to droplet evaporation.

关键词： Cyclic diblock copolymer Nanodroplet Evaporation Deposition pattern Chain length and concentration

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Formation mechanism of multiple spallation and its penetration induced by shear localization in NiTi alloy under implosion loading

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2025年第1期10卷 81-97页

作者： Xianye Wu Xiaoyang Pei Xiang Chen Hao Zhang Jin Wang Xin Yang Meizhen Xiang Shang Gao Fang Wang School of Materials and Energy Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Institute of Fluid Physics China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang 621999China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Center for Applied Physics and TechnologyPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Environment and Resource Southwest University of Science and TechnologyMianyang 621010China Laboratory of Computational Physics Institute of Applied Physics and Computational MathematicsBeijing 100088China

This study uses nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to explore the dynamic failures and deformation mechanisms of a cylindrical shell composed of nanocrystalline nickel-titanium alloy under implosion *** discover that some individual spall planes are sequentially generated in the material along the propagation of a radial stress wave,indicative of the formation of multiple *** larger grain sizes,void nucleation at the first spallation occurs in a coexisting intergranular/transgranular manner,whereas with decreasing grain size,voids tend to nucleate along the grain ***,the spall strength exhibits a transition from an inverse Hall-Petch to a Hall-Petch *** larger grain sizes,at the secondary spallation,localized shearing zones and grain boundaries provide potential void-nucleated ***,the formation of shear deformation bands promotes grain refinement,contributing to a reduction in the dislocation-induced strengthening ***,a lower spall strength is produced,in contrast to the first *** the grain size becomes smaller,voids nucleate mostly along grain boundaries,and plastic deformation is dominated by dense grain ***,the high temperature caused by shear localization leads to material weakening,and in turn there is a significant decrease in the spall strength for the secondary spallation,compared with the ***,significant penetration between two spall planes is observed for large grain size,which can be attributed to the nucleation of voids on linking grain boundaries,with temperatures exceeding the melting point of the material.

关键词： grain alloy deformation

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Nonlinear saturation of the two-plasmon decay instability in magnetized plasmas

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Physical Review E 2025年第3期111卷 035207-035207页

作者： X. X. Li R. J. Cheng Qing Wang D. J. Liu S. Y. Lv Z. M. Huang S. T. Zhang Z. J. Chen Z. Y. Xu Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing 100094 China HEDPS Center for Applied Physics and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of Physics Peking University Beijing 100871 China

It is shown that the Landau damping of electron plasma waves (EPWs) is significantly enhanced in a transverse magnetic field with tens of teslas due to a strong modification of the electron velocity distribution funct... 详细信息

关键词： Damping

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Effects of Zr4+ and Hf4+ co-doping on luminescence and scintillation properties of LuYAG:Pr3+ single crystals grown by micro-pulling-down technique

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Journal of Rare Earths 2025年第4期43卷 701-706页

作者： Yufeng Tong Yunyun Li Qingsong Song Jie Xu Xiaodong Xu Mikhail Korzhik Jun Xu Kheirreddine Lebbou Yuntao Wu Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Physics Science and Engineering Institute for Advanced StudyTongji University Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices School of Physics and Electronic EngineeringJiangsu Normal University Institute for Nuclear Problems of Belarus State University Institut Lumière Matière UMR5306 Université Lyon1-CNRSUniversitéde Lyon

In this study,we aim to clarify the luminescence and scintillation performance of 0.2 at%Pr3+-doped LuYAG scintillators with either zirconium or hafnium co-doping obtained using the micro-pulling-down（μ-PD） *** radiation excitation,scintillation properties such as light yield,decay time,and afterglow level were measured and compared to non-co-doped LuYAG:Pr3+.The positive effect of Zr and Hf co-doping is to significantly shorten the scintillation time *** negative effect is the decrease of scintillation yield and increase of *** propose that the positively charged defects induced by Zr/Hf co-doping are responsible for the spatial correlated traps around Pr centers causing the shortened scintillation decay via non-radiative recombination processes,and the deep traps as well for the prolonged afterglow.

关键词： Co-doping Hafnium LuYAG:Pr Scintillators Zirconium μ-PD

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