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Anion–π interactions suppress phase impurities in FAPbI₃ solar cells

Nature 2023年第7987期623卷 531-537页

作者： Huang, Zijian Bai, Yang Huang, Xudan Li, Jiatong Wu, Yuetong Chen, Yihua Li, Kailin Niu, Xiuxiu Li, Nengxu Liu, Guilin Zhang, Yu Zai, Huachao Chen, Qi Lei, Ting Wang, Lifen Zhou, Huanping Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering Peking University Beijing China Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education College of Engineering Peking University Beijing China School of Science Jiangnan University Wuxi China Institute of Carbon Neutrality Peking University Beijing China

Achieving both high efficiency and long-term stability is the key to the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs)1,2. However, the diversity of perovskite (ABX3) compositions and phases makes it challenging ... 详细信息

Achieving both high efficiency and long-term stability is the key to the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs)^1,2. However, the diversity of perovskite (ABX₃) compositions and phases makes it challenging to fabricate high-quality films^3–5. Perovskite formation relies on the reaction between AX and BX₂, whereas most conventional methods for film-growth regulation are based solely on the interaction with the BX₂ component. Herein, we demonstrate an alternative approach to modulate reaction kinetics by anion–π interaction between AX and hexafluorobenzene (HFB). Notably, these two approaches are independent but work together to establish ‘dual-site regulation’, which achieves a delicate control over the reaction between AX and BX₂ without unwanted intermediates. The resultant formamidinium lead halides (FAPbI₃) films exhibit fewer defects, redshifted absorption and high phase purity without detectable nanoscale δ phase. Consequently, we achieved PSCs with power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 26.07% for a 0.08-cm² device (25.8% certified) and 24.63% for a 1-cm² device. The device also kept 94% of its initial PCE after maximum power point (MPP) tracking for 1,258 h under full-spectrum AM 1.5 G sunlight at 50 ± 5 °C. This method expands the range of chemical interactions that occur in perovskite precursors by exploring anion–π interactions and highlights the importance of the AX component as a new and effective working site to improved photovoltaic devices with high quality and phase purity. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

关键词： Materials chemistry Solar cells

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III-Nitride optoelectronic Chip Incorporating Double-Sided Structured PDMS Film for Shear Force Sensing

III-Nitride Optoelectronic Chip Incorporating Double-Sided S...

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Sensors and Information technology (ICSI), International Conference on

作者： Ruoyao Huang Tingxuan Chen Ling Zhu Kwai Hei Li College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China School of Microelectronics Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China

ISBN: (数字)9798331542887

ISBN: (纸本)9798331542894

A compact biaxial shear force sensor based on a highly integrated III-nitride chip and a double-sided PDMS film is presented. The III-nitride chip has a cross-shaped configuration with a central light emitter and four surrounding detectors made from GaN epitaxial layers on a sapphire substrate. The PDMS film, with a fingerprint pattern at the top and a hemispherical structure at the bottom, undergoes deformation in response to external forces, thereby converting the force into optical changes to the chip and altering the photocurrent generated by the PD. The sensor with a size of 1 cm × 1 cm × 0.2 cm can detect shear forces ranging from -0.6 N to 0.6 N along both the X- and Y-axes. The laser-cut, cross-shaped design of the chip significantly enhances the sensitivity of the sensor, achieving an approximate fourfold increase, with sensitivities of 3.28 µA/N and 2.96 µA/N along the X- and Y-axes, respectively. The developed sensor is notable for its compactness, high sensitivity, cost-effectiveness, and ease of fabrication, rendering it well-suited for tactile applications that necessitate multidirectional force detection.

关键词： Sensitivity Stimulated emission Force Detectors Fingerprint recognition Light emitting diodes Distance measurement Photoconductivity Force sensors Substrates

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High-Q collective Mie resonances in monocrystalline silicon nanoantenna arrays for the visible light

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Fundamental Research 2023年第5期3卷 822-830页

作者： Zhenghe Zhang Pengbo Liu Wanli Lu Ping Bai Bingchang Zhang Zefeng Chen Stefan A.Maier Jaime Gómez Rivas Shaojun Wang Xiaofeng Li School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering&Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province&Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China School of Materials Science and Physics China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China Department of Applied Physics and Institute for Photonic Integration Eindhoven University of Technology5612 AE EindhovenThe Netherlands School of Physics and Astronomy Monash UniversityClaytonVictoria 3800Australia Department of Physics Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems Nanointitute MunichFaculty of PhysicsLudwig-Maximilians Universitaet MuenchenMuenchen 80539Germany

Dielectric optical antennas have emerged as a promising nanophotonic architecture for manipulating the propagation and localization of ***,the optically induced Mie resonances in an isolated nanoantenna are normally with broad spectra and poor𝑄-factors,limiting their performances in sensing,lasing,and nonlinear ***,we dramatically enhance the𝑄-factors of Mie resonances in silicon(Si)nanoparticles across the optical band by arranging the nanoparticles in a periodic *** select monocrystalline Si with negligible material losses and develop a unique method to fabricate nanoparticle arrays on a quartz *** extinction dispersion measurements and electromagnetic analysis,we can identify three types of collective Mie resonances with𝑄-factors∼500 in the same nanocylinder arrays,including surface lattice resonances,bound states in the continuum,and quasi-guided *** work paves the way for fundamental research in strong light-matter interactions and the design of highly efficient light-emitting metasurfaces.

关键词： Nanophotonics Dielectric resonators Surface lattice resonances Bound states in the continuum Quasi-guided modes

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2022 roadmap on hydrogen energy from production to utilizations

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Rare Metals 2022年第10期41卷 3251-3267页

作者： Zheng-Xuan Yang Xiu-Gang Li Qi-Lu Yao Zhang-Hui Lu Ning Zhang Jun Xia Kai Yang Yu-Qing Wang Kan Zhang Hai-Zhen Liu Liu-Ting Zhang Huai-Jun Lin Qing-Jun Zhou Fang Wang Zhi-Ming Yu Jian-Min Ma School of Physics and Electronics Hunan UniversityChangsha410082China College of Material and Chemical Engineering Tongren UniversityTongren554300China Key Laboratory of Functional Small Molecules for Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJiangxi Normal UniversityNanchang330022China School of Materials Science and Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha410083China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangxi University of Science and TechnologyGanzhou341000China School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China Guangxi Novel Battery Materials Research Center of Engineering Technology Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-Ferrous Metallic and Featured MaterialsGuangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Novel Energy Materials and Related TechnologySchool of Physical Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning530004China School of Energy and Power Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang212003China Institute of Advanced Wear and Corrosion Resistance and Functional Materials Jinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China College of Science University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093China School of Materials Science and Engineering Changchun University of Science and TechnologyChangchun130022China School of Materials and Energy University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731China

Hydrogen has been always the hot topic,which drives a lot of researchers to study and explore hydrogenrelated projects and *** first subfield is hydrogen production with green and cost-effective *** methods have been intensively used for high-efficient hydrogen production,i.e.,catalytic chemical hydrogen generation,electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution,photocatalytic hydrogen evolution,photo-electrocatalytic hydrogen *** of them are driven by various ***,the hydrogen storage is also an important question,which is also a present research hot topic,although the history is long with several *** fuel cells have also obtained great attention due to the zero *** related research mainly focuses on the cell systems and electrocatalysts *** this background,we invite some excellent research groups to write this progress on hydrogen from production to ***,we believe that this roadmap on hydrogen can give some useful guidance in future research.

关键词： Hydrogen Hydrogen production Hydrogen generation Hydrogen evolution Hydrogen storage Fuel cells

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Cs-Induced Phase Transformation of Vanadium Oxide for High-Performance Zinc-Ion Batteries

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2023年第4期6卷 265-272页

作者： Gan Qu Kai Guo Weijie Chen Yu Du Ye Wang Bingbing Tian Jianan Zhang Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Catalytic and Functional Materials Preparation of Zhengzhou City College of Materials Science and EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education Institute of Microscale OptoelectronicsShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries are promising candidate for gridscale energy ***,the development of zinc-ion batteries has been plagued by the lack of cathode materials with high specific capacity and superior ***,hexagonal Cs_(0.3)V_(2)O_(5)cathode is fabricated and investigated in zinc-ion *** with the traditional vanadium oxides,the introduction of Cs changes the periodic atomic arrangements,which not only stabilizes the open framework structure but also facilitates the Zn^(2+)diffusion with a lower migration energy ***,high specific capacity of 543.8 mA h g^(-1)at 0.1 A g^(-1)is achieved,which surpasses most of reported cathode materials in zinc-ion *** excellent cycle life is achieved over 1000 cycles with about 87.8%capacity retention at 2 A g^(-1).Furthermore,the morphological evolution and energy storage mechanisms are also revealed via a series of *** work opens up a phase engineering strategy to fabricate the hexagonal vanadium oxide and elucidate the application of phase-dependent cathodes in zinc-ion batteries.

关键词： cathode materials phase engineering vanadium oxide zinc-ion batteries

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Impeded degradation of perovskite solar cells via the dual interfacial modification of siloxane

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science China Chemistry 2022年第11期65卷 2299-2306页

作者： Xiao Zhang Changsu Cao Yang Bai Cheng Zhu Huachao Zai Sai Ma Yihua Chen Zhenhua Cui Congbo Shi Chenyue Wang Chenxiao Zhou Guizhou Yuan Ziyan Gao Jiawang Hong Jie Dou Hao Wang Huanping Zhou Hai Xiao Jun Li Qi Chen Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China Experimental Center of Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF) Zhangjiang LabShanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201204China School of Aerospace Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

It is challenging to improve the long-term stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs) without sacrificing efficiency. The perovskite absorbers degrade from the film surface/interfaces, which follows entangled mechanisms that have not been fully revealed ***, we decouple and elaborate two distinctive pathways regarding film degradation based on ***, a dual interfacial modification strategy has been developed for improving the material’s intrinsic stability, thus leading to the film degrading in a more retardant pathway. The corresponding PSCs achieve a stable power output efficiency of 23.75%.More importantly, the unencapsulated PSCs devices retain over 93% of their initial PCE after the maximum power point(MPP)tracking under the continuous 1-sun illumination and show significantly improved stability after aged under the thermal treatment or stored in ambient atmosphere for over 1500 hours without obvious PCE decay. This work shows the importance of modulating the degradation pathway on stability improvement, and at the same time, proposes a strategy for designing perovskite-based optoelectronics with excellent performance and stability.

关键词： perovskite solar cells stability degradation kinetics

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Achieving parabolic phase profiles in liquid crystal lenses using an analytical spiral electrode

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Optics Letters 2025年第10期50卷 3397-3400页

作者： Feng, Wenbin Liu, Gang College of Physics and Communication Electronics Jiangxi Normal University Jiangxi330022 China School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu611730 China

We propose an analytical spiral electrode design for achieving a parabolic voltage distribution in liquid crystal (LC) lenses. Unlike conventional spiral designs, such as the Archimedean and Fermat spirals, the specially designed spiral electrode is derived through rigorous equation solving, enabling the precise generation of the parabolic voltage distribution. By incorporating concentric ring electrodes that extend the parabolic voltage profile across the active area, while ensuring the driving voltage stays within the material’s linear response region, we successfully realize an accurate parabolic phase profile. Experimental testing on a 50-µm-thick LC lens with a 4 mm aperture demonstrated a well-defined parabolic phase distribution, with the experimental results aligning closely with theoretical predictions, thereby confirming the design’s accuracy and effectiveness. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group. All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved.

关键词： Liquid crystals

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Research and Application of One-step Computational Method for High Flux Reactor

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Yuanzineng Kexue Jishu/Atomic Energy science and technology 2025年第5期59卷 1064-1074页

作者： Xue, Pengchao Zhang, Qian Zhang, Jinchao Zhao, Qiang Cao, Wei Xie, Chutao Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory College of Nuclear Science and Technology Harbin Engineering University Harbin150001 China Laboratory for Advanced Nuclear Energy Theory and Applications Zhejiang Institute of Modern Physics School of Physics Zhejiang University Hangzhou310058 China

High flux reactors, as versatile irradiation facilities, have significant applications in various fields such as neutron scattering research, isotope production, and material irradiation testing. However, due to their unique design, different regions of the core exhibit markedly different energy spectrum characteristics. At the same time, two-dimensional full-core-scale high-order transport calculations require a large amount of memory. Therefore, due to current hardware limitations, it is not feasible to perform full-core-scale high-order transport calculations based on ultra-fine group structures. To address these issues, this paper proposes a one-step calculation scheme with online energy group condensation suitable for high flux reactors. In this paper, firstly, an ultra-fine group structure of 2165 groups was selected to complete resonance calculations on fine geometric modeling. Secondly, combined with the low-order scattering source term approximation, only a few source iteration calculations were performed to obtain the low-order approximate flux. Then, the low-order approximate flux and the ultra-fine group total cross-sections were used to calculate the approximate high-order flux and complete the multi-group high-order cross-section condensation. Finally, the high-order approximate flux and multi-group high-order cross-sections were used for multi-group high-order calculations to obtain eigenvalue information and flux distribution information. The method based on two high flux reactor designs was verified and the sensitivity of the selected multi-group energy structure to this calculation scheme was analyzed. The calculation results show that under the 172 group structure, the eigenvalue deviations obtained by using this calculation scheme for the two core designs are both below 136 pcm. At the same time, it can be seen that in this test problem, the fast/thermal neutron flux distribution and flux density peaks are insensitive to the energy group structur

关键词： Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions

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Multi-View Graph Embedding Learning for Image Co-Segmentation and Co-Localization

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IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video technology 2024年第6期34卷 4942-4956页

作者： Huang, Aiping Li, Lijian Zhang, Le Niu, Yuzhen Zhao, Tiesong Lin, Chia-Wen Fuzhou University Fujian Key Laboratory for Intelligent Processing and Wireless Transmission of Media Information College of Physics and Information Engineering Fuzhou350108 China Fuzhou University Fujian Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou350108 China University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Information and Communication Engineering Chengdu611731 China Fuzhou University Fujian Key Laboratory for Intelligent Processing and Wireless Transmission of Media Information College of Physics and Information Engineering The Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information Fuzhou350108 China Institute of Communications Engineering National Tsing Hua University Department of Electrical Engineering Hsinchu30013 Taiwan

Image co-segmentation and co-localization exploit inter-image information to identify and extract foreground objects with a batch mode. However, they remain challenging when confronted with large object variations or complex backgrounds. This paper proposes a multi-view graph embedding (MV-Gem) learning scheme which integrates diversity, robustness and discernibility of object features to alleviate this phenomenon. To encourage the diversity, the deep co-information containing both low-layer general representations and high-layer semantic information is generated to form a multi-view feature pool for comprehensive co-object description. To enhance the robustness, a multi-view adaptive weighted learning is formulated to fuse the deep co-information for feature complementation. To ensure the discernibility, the graph embedding and sparse constraint are embedded into the fusion formulation for feature selection. The former aims to inherit important structures from multiple views, and the latter further selects important features to restrain irrelevant backgrounds. With these techniques, MV-Gem gradually recovers all co-objects through optimization iterations. Extensive experimental results on real-world datasets demonstrate that MV-Gem is capable of locating and delineating co-objects in an image group. © 1991-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Semantics

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Nonlinear self-interaction induced black hole bomb

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Physical Review D 2024年第4期110卷 L041505-L041505页

作者： Cheng-Yong Zhang Qian Chen Yuxuan Liu Yu Tian Bin Wang Hongbao Zhang College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering School of Physical Sciences School of Physics and Electronics Institute of Theoretical Physics Center for Gravitation and Cosmology College of Physical Science and Technology School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Department of Physics Key Laboratory of Multiscale Spin Physics Ministry of Education

We present the first alternative mechanisms to trigger black hole bomb phenomena beyond the famous superradiant instability. By incorporating nonlinear self-interaction into the massive charged scalar field in general relativity, we discover that the allowed static solutions suggest two such novel dynamic mechanisms, which are further confirmed by our numerical simulations. The first originates from a linearly unstable hairy black hole, but the bomb can be avoided by dialing the coefficient of the tiny scalar pulse. This distinguishes it from superradiant instability, where the bomb is an inevitable destiny. The second is an intrinsically nonlinear process, which can even drive a linearly stable Reissner-Nordström black hole to become a black hole bomb by releasing substantial energy to develop scalar hair. This is also in sharp contrast with superradiant instability, which can only drive an unstable black hole. These findings not only open up new avenues for black hole energy bursts, but also have potential implications for new phenomena occurring around astrophysical black holes.

关键词： Classical black holes Numerical relativity

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