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The potency of hydrothermally prepared sulfated silica (SO4/SiO2) as a heterogeneous acid catalyst for ethanol dehydration into diethyl ether

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Chemosphere 2023年第1期341卷

作者： Pratika, Remi Ayu Wijaya, Karna Utami, Maisari Mulijani, Sri Patah, Aep Alarifi, Saud Ram Mani, Ravishankar Kumar Yadav, Krishna Ravindran, Balasubramani Chung, Woo Jin Chang, Soon Woong Munusamy-Ramanujam, Ganesh Study Program of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Palangka Raya Palangka Raya Indonesia Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta55281 Indonesia Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Islam Indonesia Yogyakarta55584 Indonesia Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Institut Pertanian Bogor Bogor Indonesia Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung Indonesia Department of Zoology College of Science King Saud University P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh11451 Saudi Arabia Department of Pharmaceutical Biology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences UCSI University Cheras Taman Connaught Kuala Lumpur56000 Malaysia Faculty of Science and Technology Madhyanchal Professional University Ratibad Bhopal462044 India Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group Scientific Research Center Al-Ayen University Thi-Qar Nasiriyah 64001 Iraq Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering Kyonggi University Yeongtong-Gu Gyeonggi-Do Suwon16227 Korea Republic of Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology Institute of Biotechnology Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Thandalam Tamil Nadu Chennai602105 India Molecular Biology and Immunobiology Division Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine SRM-IST Tamil Nadu Kattankulathur603203 India

The dehydration of ethanol into diethyl ether over a SO4/SiO2 catalyst was investigated. The SO4/SiO2 catalysts were prepared by the sulfation method using 1, 2, and 3 M of sulfuric acid (SS1, SS2, and SS3) via hydrothermal treatment. This study is focused on the synthesis of a SO4/SiO2 catalyst with high total acidity that can be subsequently utilized to convert ethanol into diethyl ether. The total acidity test revealed that the sulfation process increased the total acidity of SiO2. The SS2 catalyst (with 2 M sulfuric acid) displayed the highest total acidity of 7.77 mmol/g, whereas the SiO2 total acidity was only 0.11 mmol/g. Meanwhile, the SS3 catalyst (with 3 M sulfuric acid) has a lower total acidity of 7.09 mmol/g due to the distribution of sulfate groups on the surface having reached its optimum condition. The crystallinity and structure of the SS2 catalyst were not affected by the hydrothermal treatment or the sulfate process on silica. Furthermore, The SS2 catalyst characteristics in the presence of sulfate lead to a flaky surface in the morphology and non-uniform particle size. In addition, the surface area and pore volume of the SS2 catalyst decreased (482.56–172.26 m2/g) and (0.297–0.253 cc/g), respectively, because of the presence of sulfate on the silica surface. The SS2 catalyst's pore shape information explains the formation of non-uniform pore sizes and shapes. Finally, the activity and selectivity of SO4/SiO2 catalysts in the conversion of ethanol to diethyl ether yielded the highest ethanol conversion of 70.01% and diethyl ether product of 9.05% from the SS2 catalyst (the catalyst with the highest total acidity). Variations in temperature reaction conditions (175–225 °C) show an optimum reaction temperature to produce diethyl ether at 200 °C (11.36%). © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Silica

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A primordial noble gas component discovered in the Ryugu asteroid and its implications

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Nature Communications 2024年第1期15卷 8075-8075页

作者： Verchovsky, Alexander B. Abernethy, Feargus A. J. Anand, Mahesh Franchi, Ian A. Grady, Monica M. Greenwood, Richard C. Barber, Simeon J. Suttle, Martin Ito, Motoo Tomioka, Naotaka Uesugi, Masayuki Yamaguchi, Akira Kimura, Makoto Imae, Naoya Shirai, Naoki Ohigashi, Takuji Liu, Ming-Chang Uesugi, Kentaro Nakato, Aiko Yogata, Kasumi Yuzawa, Hayato Karouji, Yuzuru Nakazawa, Satoru Okada, Tatsuaki Saiki, Takanao Tanaka, Satoshi Terui, Fuyuto Yoshikawa, Makoto Miyazaki, Akiko Nishimura, Masahiro Yada, Toru Abe, Masanao Usui, Tomohiro Watanabe, Sen-Ichiro Tsuda, Yuichi Matsuda, Nozomi McCain, Katlyn Le Pivert-Jolivet, Tania Riu, Lucie Carter, John Loizeau, Dambien Bebring, Jean-Pierre Pilorget, Cerdic Zhao, Xuchao Malley, James A. Findlay, Ross Okado, Ikuo Sakurai, Ikuya Hirahara, Kaoki Open University Milton Keynes United Kingdom Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) Nankoku Kochi Japan National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS) Nankoku Kochi Japan Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI/SPring-8) Hyogo Japan National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR) Tachikawa Tokyo Japan Faculty of Science Kanagawa University Yokohama Kanagawa Japan UVSOR Synchrotron Facility Institute for Molecular Science Okazaki Aichi Japan Institute of Materials Structure Science High Energy Accelerator Research Organization Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore CA United States Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Sagamihara Kanagawa Japan Core Facility Center Osaka University 8-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki Osaka Japan Graduate School of Environmental Studies Nagoya University Nagoya Aichi Japan Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) Kanagawa Japan

Ryugu is the C-type asteroid from which material was brought to Earth by the Hayabusa2 mission. A number of individual grains and fine-grained samples analysed so far for noble gases have indicated that solar wind and planetary (known as P1) noble gases are present in Ryugu samples with concentrations higher than those observed in CIs, suggesting the former to be more primitive compared to the latter. Here we present results of analyses of three fine-grained samples from Ryugu, in one of which Xe concentration is an order of magnitude higher than determined so far in other samples from Ryugu. Isotopically, this Xe resembles P1, but with a much stronger isotopic fractionation relative to solar wind and significantly lower ³⁶Ar/¹³²Xe ratio than in P1. This previously unknown primordial noble gas component (here termed P7) provides clues to constrain how the solar composition was fractionated to form the planetary components.

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青藏高原植被结构变化反映环境变迁

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science Bulletin 2023年第17期68卷 1928-1937页

作者：王艳芬薛凯胡容海丁柏阳曾弘李瑞津徐斌庞哲宋小宁李聪佳杜剑卿杨秀春张泽林郝彦宾崔骁勇郭柯高清竹张扬建朱军涛孙建李耀明姜丽丽周华坤罗彩云张振华高庆波陈世龙纪宝明徐兴良陈槐李奇赵亮徐世晓刘雅莉胡林勇武建双杨其恩董世魁贺金生赵新全汪诗平朴世龙于贵瑞傅伯杰 College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone National Research Station University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Environment and ResourcesInstitute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture Qinghai UniversityXining 810016China Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXining 810001China Binzhou Institute of Technology Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology ParkBinzhou 256606China College of Mining Engineering North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan 063210China Key Laboratory of Agri-Informatics Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Grassland Science Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment&Climate Change Ministry of AgricultureBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization&Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China Zoige Peatland and Global Change Research Station Chinese Academy of SciencesHongyuan 62

草地植被结构对于其生产和生态功能至关重要,但大尺度信息严重匮乏.本研究结合多源遥感数据和深度学习,在区域尺度上厘清了青藏高原高寒草地基于群系的植物群落结构空间格局,并比较了其历史变化.过去40年,高寒草甸在高寒草地中的比例从... 详细信息

草地植被结构对于其生产和生态功能至关重要,但大尺度信息严重匮乏.本研究结合多源遥感数据和深度学习,在区域尺度上厘清了青藏高原高寒草地基于群系的植物群落结构空间格局,并比较了其历史变化.过去40年,高寒草甸在高寒草地中的比例从50%上升到69%,反映了变暖变湿的环境变化.此外,高寒草甸和高寒草原中高山嵩草草甸和紫花针茅草原的优势度分别增强到76%和92%.其中,气候因子驱动了紫花针茅草原近些年的分布;高山嵩草草甸近些年的分布则并非完全由气候驱动,人类活动可能起重要作用.本研究首次探索了区域尺度植被结构特征与历史变化,为认识青藏高原草地变化的驱动力及其空间异质性提供了新视角.

关键词：高寒草地植被结构草地植被多源遥感数据深度学习植物群落结构区域尺度高寒草原

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Defluoridation of potable water employed by natural polysaccharide isolated from Tamarindus indica L

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Chemosphere 2023年第1期335卷 138931页

作者： Thamaraiselvi, C. Srija, D. Athira, S.T. Sahayarayan, Jesudass Joseph Ali, Daoud Alarifi, Saud Rembulan, Glisina Dwinoor Jones, Sumathi Yadav, Krishna Kumar Ramanujam, Ganesh Munusamy Chang, Soon Woong Ravindran, Balasubramani Department of Biotechnology Mother Teresa Women's University Tamil Nadu Kodaikanal India Plant bioinformatics laboratory Department of bioinformatics Alagappa University Science campus Tamil Nadu Karaikudi India Department of Zoology College of Science King Saud University P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia Department of Management Universitas Bunda Mulia Ancol North Jakarta Indonesia Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital BIHER Chennai India Faculty of Science and Technology Madhyanchal Professional University Ratibad Bhopal462044 India Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group Scientific Research Center Al-Ayen University Thi-Qar Nasiriyah64001 Iraq Molecular Biology and Immunobiology Division Interdisciplinary Ins Titute of Indian System of Medicine SRM-IST Tamil Nadu Kattankulathur603203 India Department of Chemistry Faculty of Engineering and Technology SRM-IST Tamil Nadu Kattankulathur603203 India Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering Kyonggi University Yeongtong-Gu Gyeonggi-Do Suwon16227 Korea Republic of Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology Institute of Biotechnology Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Thandalam Tamil Nadu Chennai602105 India

The current study evaluated the effectiveness of Tamarindus indica L. seed polysaccharides in removing fluoride from potable water collected from Sivakasi,Viruthunagar district, Tamil Nadu, India. The physiochemical properties of the water samples were examined, and each parameter was compared to the standard prescribed by Bureau of Indian standards. Most of the parameters were within the permissible limit except for fluoride levels in the Sivakasi water sample. Polysaccharides were isolated from Tamarindus indica L. seeds and the fluoride removal efficacy of the polysaccharides was evaluated. The optimum treatment dosage of the isolated seed polysaccharides was determined using aqueous fluoride solutions of various ppm concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 ppm). Tamarindus polysaccharides were added to the aqueous solutions in varying doses (0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 1.0, and 1.2 g), and 0.04 g was observed to be the most effective at removing fluoride (by 60%). It was selected as the optimum dose for treating the fluoride-contaminated water sample. Following the treatment, fluoride concentration in the water sample dropped from 1.8 mg/L to 0.91 mg/L, falling below the BIS standard limit. The findings from the study demonstrated the use of T. indica L. seed polysaccharides as an effective natural coagulant for removing fluoride from potable water. GC-MS and FTIR analysis of the isolated polysaccharide samples were performed. The FTIR results revealed the functional groups that might attribute to the fluoride removal activity of the isolated polysaccharides. The observations from the study suggested that Tamarindus polysaccharides might be used as an alternative to chemical agent used for fluoride removal in order to preserve the environment and human welfare. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Polysaccharides

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Recent Advances in Triboelectric Nanogenerators: From Technological Progress to Commercial Applications

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ACS Nano 2023年第12期17卷 11087-11219页

作者： Choi, Dongwhi Lee, Younghoon Lin, Zong-Hong Cho, Sumin Kim, Miso Ao, Chi Kit Soh, Siowling Sohn, Changwan Jeong, Chang Kyu Lee, Jeongwan Lee, Minbaek Lee, Seungah Ryu, Jungho Parashar, Parag Cho, Yujang Ahn, Jaewan Kim, Il-Doo Jiang, Feng Lee, Pooi See Khandelwal, Gaurav Kim, Sang-Jae Kim, Hyun Soo Song, Hyun-Cheol Kim, Minje Nah, Junghyo Kim, Wook Menge, Habtamu Gebeyehu Park, Yong Tae Xu, Wei Hao, Jianhua Park, Hyosik Lee, Ju-Hyuck Lee, Dong-Min Kim, Sang-Woo Park, Ji Young Zhang, Haixia Zi, Yunlong Guo, Ru Cheng, Jia Yang, Ze Xie, Yannan Lee, Sangmin Chung, Jihoon Oh, Il-Kwon Kim, Ji-Seok Cheng, Tinghai Gao, Qi Cheng, Gang Gu, Guangqin Shim, Minseob Jung, Jeehoon Yun, Changwoo Zhang, Chi Liu, Guoxu Chen, Yufeng Kim, Suhan Chen, Xiangyu Hu, Jun Pu, Xiong Guo, Zi Hao Wang, Xudong Chen, Jun Xiao, Xiao Xie, Xing Jarin, Mourin Zhang, Hulin Lai, Ying-Chih He, Tianyiyi Kim, Hakjeong Park, Inkyu Ahn, Junseong Huynh, Nghia Dinh Yang, Ya Wang, Zhong Lin Baik, Jeong Min Choi, Dukhyun Kyung Hee University Gyeonggi Yongin17104 Korea Republic of Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Soft Robotics Research Center Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Department of Mechanical Engineering Gachon University Seongnam13120 Korea Republic of Department of Biomedical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon16419 Korea Republic of Sungkyunkwan University 2066 Seobu-ro Gyeonggi Suwon16419 Korea Republic of Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 117585 Singapore Division of Advanced Materials Engineering Jeonbuk National University 567 Baekje-daero Jeonbuk Jeonju54896 Korea Republic of Jeonbuk National University 567 Baekje-daero Jeonbuk Jeonju54896 Korea Republic of Department of Physics Inha University 100 Inha-ro Incheon22212 Korea Republic of School of Materials Science & Engineering Yeungnam University Gyeongbuk Gyeongsan38541 Korea Republic of 291 Daehak-ro Daejeon34141 Korea Republic of School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798 Singapore Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of Tsinghua Zhejiang Jiaxing314000 China Nanomaterials and System Lab Major of Mechatronics Engineering Faculty of Applied Energy System Jeju National University Jeju632-43 Korea Republic of School of Engineering University of Glasgow GlasgowG128QQ United Kingdom Seoul02792 Korea Republic of Department of Physics Inha University Incheon22212 Korea Republic of Suwon16419 Korea Republic of Department of

Serious climate changes and energy-related environmental problems are currently critical issues in the world. In order to reduce carbon emissions and save our environment, renewable energy harvesting technologies will serve as a key solution in the near future. Among them, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which is one of the most promising mechanical energy harvesters by means of contact electrification phenomenon, are explosively developing due to abundant wasting mechanical energy sources and a number of superior advantages in a wide availability and selection of materials, relatively simple device configurations, and low-cost processing. Significant experimental and theoretical efforts have been achieved toward understanding fundamental behaviors and a wide range of demonstrations since its report in 2012. As a result, considerable technological advancement has been exhibited and it advances the timeline of achievement in the proposed roadmap. Now, the technology has reached the stage of prototype development with verification of performance beyond the lab scale environment toward its commercialization. In this review, distinguished authors in the world worked together to summarize the state of the art in theory, materials, devices, systems, circuits, and applications in TENG fields. The great research achievements of researchers in this field around the world over the past decade are expected to play a major role in coming to fruition of unexpectedly accelerated technological advances over the next decade. © 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society

关键词： Nanogenerators

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Elemental Characterization of Ambient Particulate Matter for a Globally Distributed Monitoring Network: Methodology and Implications

ACS ES&T air

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ACS ES&T air 2024年第4期1卷 283-293页

作者： Xuan Liu Jay R Turner Christopher R Oxford Jacob McNeill Brenna Walsh Emmie Le Roy Crystal L Weagle Emily Stone Haihui Zhu Wenyu Liu Zilin Wei Nicole P Hyslop Jason Giacomo Ann M Dillner Abdus Salam Al-Amin Hossen Zubayer Islam Ihab Abboud Clement Akoshile Omar Amador-Muñoz Nguyen Xuan Anh Araya Asfaw Rajasekhar Balasubramanian Rachel Ying-Wen Chang Craig Coburn Sagnik Dey David J Diner Jinlu Dong Tareq Farrah Paterne Gahungu Rebecca M Garland Michel Grutter de la Mora Sina Hasheminassab Juanette John Jhoon Kim Jong Sung Kim Kristy Langerman Pei-Chen Lee Puji Lestari Yang Liu Tesfaye Mamo Mathieu Martins Olga L Mayol-Bracero Mogesh Naidoo Sang Seo Park Yoav Schechner Robyn Schofield Sachchida N Tripathi Eli Windwer Ming-Tsang Wu Qiang Zhang Michael Brauer Yinon Rudich Randall V Martin Department of Energy Environmental & Chemical Engineering Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri 63130 United States. Air Quality Research Center University of California Davis Davis California 95616 United States. Department of Chemistry University of Dhaka Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh. Air Quality Research Division Environment and Climate Change Canada Toronto Ontario M3H 5T4 Canada. Department of Physics University of Ilorin Ilorin 240003 Nigeria. Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City 04510 Mexico. Institute of Geophysics Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi 11307 Vietnam. Institute of Geophysics and Space Science Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa 1176 Ethiopia. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117576 Singapore. Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada. Department of Geography and Environment University of Lethbridge Lethbridge Alberta T1K 3M4 Canada. Centre for Atmospheric Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi 110016 India. Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91109 United States. School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China. Research Laboratories Khalifa University Abu Dhabi 127788 United Arab Emirates. Institute of Applied Statistics University of Burundi Bujumbura BP1550 Burundi. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Pretoria 0001 South Africa. Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management North-West University Potchefstroom 2531 South Africa. Department of Geography Geo-Informatics and Meteorology University of Pretoria Pretoria 0002 South Africa. Department of Atmospheric Sciences Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea. Department of Community Health and Epidemiology Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia B3

Global ground-level measurements of elements in ambient particulate matter (PM) can provide valuable information to understand the distribution of dust and trace elements, assess health impacts, and investigate emission sources. We use X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to characterize the elemental composition of PM samples collected from 27 globally distributed sites in the Surface PARTiculate mAtter Network (SPARTAN) over 2019-2023. Consistent protocols are applied to collect all samples and analyze them at one central laboratory, which facilitates comparison across different sites. Multiple quality assurance measures are performed, including applying reference materials that resemble typical PM samples, acceptance testing, and routine quality control. Method detection limits and uncertainties are estimated. Concentrations of dust and trace element oxides (TEO) are determined from the elemental dataset. In addition to sites in arid regions, a moderately high mean dust concentration (6 μg/m) in PM is also found in Dhaka (Bangladesh) along with a high average TEO level (6 μg/m). High carcinogenic risk (>1 cancer case per 100000 adults) from airborne arsenic is observed in Dhaka (Bangladesh), Kanpur (India), and Hanoi (Vietnam). Industries of informal lead-acid battery and e-waste recycling as well as coal-fired brick kilns likely contribute to the elevated trace element concentrations found in Dhaka.

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The 2022 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: health at the mercy of fossil fuels (vol 400, pg 1619, 2022)

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LANCET 2022年第10365期400卷 1766-1766页

作者： Romanello, M. Di Napoli, C. Drummond, P. Institute for Global Health University College London London UK School of Agriculture Policy and Development University of Reading Reading UK Institute for Sustainable Resources University College London London UK Department of Global Health Centre for Health and the Global Environment University of Washington Seattle WA USA UCL Energy Institute University College London London UK Department of Health Sciences University of York York UK Department of Meteorology University of Reading Reading UK Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction University College London London UK School of Earth and Environment University of Leeds Leeds UK Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK School of Population Health University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing China Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change Berlin Germany Department of Environment Climate Change and Health World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland Institute of Environmental Sciences University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit Department of Public Health & Primary Care University of Cambridge Cambridge UK School of Government University of Birmingham Birmingham UK Economic Analysis of Climate Impacts and Policy Division Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici Venice Italy Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering University College London London UK Natural Resources Institute University of Greenwich London UK Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Yale Center on Climate Change and Health Yale University New Haven CT USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Northeastern University Boston MA USA Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA Department of Geography University College London London UK NU

With advancements in the science of detection and attribution studies, the influence of climate change over many events has now been quantified. Because of the rapidly increasing temperatures, vulnerable populations (adults older than 65 years, and children younger than one year of age) were exposed to 3·7 billion more heatwave days in 2021 than annually in 1986–2005 (indicator 1.1.2), and heat-related deaths increased by 68% between 2000–04 and 2017–21 (indicator 1.1.5), a death toll that was significantly exacerbated by the confluence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the local cooling and overall health benefits of urban greenspaces, only 277 (27%) of 1038 global urban centres were at least moderately green in 2021 (indicator 2.2.3), and the number of households with air conditioning increased by 66% from 2000 to 2020, a maladaptive response that worsens the energy crisis and further increases urban heat, air pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. [...]millions of people do not have access to the energy needed to keep their homes at healthy temperatures, preserve food and medication, and meet the seventh Sustainable Development Goal (to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all). Aggravating this situation even further, governments continue to incentivise fossil fuel production and consumption: 69 (80%) of 86 countries reviewed had net-negative carbon prices (ie, provided a net subsidy to fossil fuels) for a net total of US$400 billion

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Observed Trends in Extreme Temperature over the Klang Valley, Malaysia

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2019年第12期36卷 1355-1370页

作者： Ahmad Norazhar Mohd YATIM Mohd Talib LATIF Fatimah AHAMAD Md Firoz KHAN Mohd Shahrul Mohd NADZIR Liew JUNENG Space Science Centre Institute of Climate ChangeUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 BangiSelangorMalaysia Faculty of Science and Natural Resources Universiti Malaysia Sabah88400 Kota KinabaluSabahMalaysia School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 BangiSelangorMalaysia Centre for Tropical Climate Change System Institute of Climate ChangeUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 BangiSelangorMalaysia Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia

This study investigates the recent extreme temperature trends across 19 stations in the Klang Valley, Malaysia, over the period 2006^-16. Fourteen extreme index trends were analyzed using the Mann-Kendall non-parametric test, with Sen’s slope as a magnitude estimator. Generally, the annual daily mean temperature, daily mean maximum temperature, and daily mean minimum temperature in the Klang Valley increased significantly, by 0.07°C yr^-1, 0.07°C yr^-1 and 0.08°C yr^-1, respectively. For the warm temperature indices, the results indicated a significant upward trend for the annual maximum of maximum temperature, by 0.09°C yr^-1, and the annual maximum of minimum temperature, by 0.11°C yr^-1. The results for the total number of warm days and warm nights showed significant increasing trends of 5.02 d yr^-1 and 6.92 d yr^-1, respectively. For the cold temperature indices, there were upward trends for the annual minimum of maximum temperature, by 0.09°C yr^-1, and the annual minimum of minimum temperature, by 0.03°C yr^-1, concurrent with the decreases in the total number cold days (TX10P), with -3.80 d yr^-1, and cold nights (TN10P), with -4.33 d yr^-1. The 34°C and 37°C summer days results showed significant upward trends of 4.10 d yr^-1 and 0.25 d yr^-1, respectively. Overall, these findings showed upward warming trends in the Klang Valley, with the minimum temperature rate increasing more than that of the maximum temperature, especially in urban areas.

关键词： climate change extreme temperature trend urban environment tropical area

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A comprehensive framework for seasonal controls of leaf abscission and productivity in evergreen broadleaved tropical and subtropical forests

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The Innovation 2021年第4期2卷 27-34页

作者： Xueqin Yang Jianping Wu Xiuzhi Chen Philippe Ciais Fabienne Maignan Wenping Yuan Shilong Piao Song Yang Fanxi Gong Yongxian Su Yuhang Dai Liyang Liu Haicheng Zhang Damien Bonal Hui Liu Guixing Chen Haibo Lu Shengbiao Wu Lei Fan Pierre Gentine SJoseph Wright Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies School of Atmospheric SciencesSun Yat-sen University&Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)Zhuhai 519082China Key Lab of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and ApplicationGuangzhou Institute of GeographyGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510070China Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement IPSLCEA-CNRS-UVSQUniversite Paris-Saclay91191 Gif sur YvetteFrance Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China College of Earth Sciences Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610000China College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510000China Department of Geoscience Environment&SocietyUniversite Libre de BruxellesBruxellesBelgium INRA UMR“Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestieres”Universite de Lorraine-INRA54280 ChampenouxFrance South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China School of Biological Sciences The University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station School of Geographical SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Department of Earth&Environmental Engineering Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027USA Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Apartado 0843-03092BalboaPanama

Relationships among productivity,leaf phenology,and seasonal variation in moisture and light availability are poorly understood for evergreen broadleaved tropical/subtropical forests,which contribute 25% of terrestrial *** the one hand,as moisture availability declines,trees shed leaves to reduce transpiration and the risk of hydraulic *** the other hand,increases in light availability promote the replacement of senescent leaves to increase ***,we provide a comprehensive framework that relates the seasonality of climate,leaf abscission,and leaf productivity across the evergreen broadleaved tropical/subtropical forest *** seasonal correlation between rainfall and light availability varies from strongly negative to strongly positive across the tropics and maps onto the seasonal correlation between litterfall mass and productivity for 68 *** rainfall and light covary positively,litterfall and productivity also covary positively and are always greater in the wetter sunnier *** rainfall and light covary negatively,litterfall and productivity are always greater in the drier and sunnier season if moisture supplies remain adequate;otherwise productivity is smaller in the drier sunnier *** framework will improve the representation of tropical/subtropical forests in Earth system models and suggests how phenology and productivity will change as climate change alters the seasonality of cloud cover and rainfall across tropical/subtropical forests.

关键词： tropical forest leaf abscission and productivity plant adaptive strategy climate and phenology regime climatic driver

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Evaluation of Five Atmospheric Correction Algorithms for Multispectral Remote Sensing Data Over Plateau Lakes

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Wang, Dong Tang, Bo-Hui Li, Zhao-Liang Faculty of Land Resources Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming650093 China Key Laboratory of Plateau Remote Sensing Department of Education of Yunnan Province Kunming China Southwest United Graduate School Kunming China State Key Lab of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing100081 China

Comparing algorithms in remote sensing image processing and assessing their accuracy and suitability for water atmospheric correction (AC) are essential steps for acquiring inland water color remote sensing (WCRS) data. Data acquired from Sentinel-2 Multi Spectral Imager (MSI) and Sentinel-3 Ocean and Land Color Instrument (OLCI) sensors were used to compare the effects of five algorithms: the Acolite, the Case 2 Regional Coast Color (C2RCC), the Fast Line-of-sight Atmospheric Analysis of Hypercubes (FLAASH), the Image correction for atmospheric effects (iCOR), and the Level 2 generator (L2gen), across different spectral bands. In-situ measurements at Erhai Lake in the Plateau Lakes (PL) validate that the Acolite algorithm excels in the red band of MSI sensor, while C2RCC algorithm differs notably in blue and green bands. FLAASH approximates measured spectrum better at green band's peak, but iCOR is affected by higher resolution images, causing over-correction on lower spatial resolution OLCI sensors. L2gen yields concentrated data amplitude in correction results. When applied to MSI sensors, the five AC algorithms yield average relative errors of 26.20%, 26.87%, 28.35%, 33.52%, and 37.36% respectively. For OLCI sensors, the corresponding errors are 22.09%, 31.57%, 36.77%, 37.35%, and 38.27%. These findings are crucial for selecting appropriate correction methods, enhancing the accuracy of remote sensing in PL, especially in water monitoring and environmental research. They also aid in establishing quantitative relationships between varying spatial resolutions in remote sensing images. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lakes

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