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Face Anti-Spoofing with Unknown Attacks:A Comprehensive Feature Extraction and Representation Perspective

Journal of Computer Science & technology 2024年第4期39卷 827-840页

作者： Li-Min Li Bin-Wu Wang Xu Wang Peng-Kun Wang Yu-Dong Zhang Yang Wang School of Software Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230000China School of Data Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 23000China Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research University of Science and Technology of ChinaSuzhou 215000China

Face anti-spoofing aims at detecting whether the input is a real photo of a user(living)or a fake(spoofing)*** new types of attacks keep emerging,the detection of unknown attacks,known as Zero-Shot Face Anti-Spoofing(ZSFA),has become increasingly important in both academia and *** ZSFA methods mainly focus on extracting discriminative features between spoofing and living ***,the nature of the spoofing faces is to trick anti-spoofing systems by mimicking the livings,therefore the deceptive features between the known attacks and the livings,which have been ignored by existing ZSFA methods,are essential to comprehensively represent the ***,existing ZSFA models are incapable of learning the complete representations of living faces and thus fall short of effectively detecting newly emerged *** tackle this problem,we propose an innovative method that effectively captures both the deceptive and discriminative features distinguishing between genuine and spoofing *** method consists of two main components:a two-against-all training strategy and a semantic *** two-against-all training strategy is employed to separate deceptive and discriminative *** address the subsequent invalidation issue of categorical functions and the dominance disequilibrium issue among different dimensions of features after importing deceptive features,we introduce a modified semantic *** autoencoder is designed to map all extracted features to a semantic space,thereby achieving a balance in the dominance of each feature *** combine our method with the feature extraction model ResNet50,and experimental results show that the trained ResNet50 model simultaneously achieves a feasible detection of unknown attacks and comparably accurate detection of known *** results confirm the superiority and effectiveness of our proposed method in identifying the living with the interference of both known

关键词： face anti-spoofing spoof detection zero-shot learning convolutional neural network deep learning

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Advanced DAG-Based Ranking(ADR)Protocol for Blockchain Scalability

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第5期75卷 2593-2613页

作者： Tayyaba Noreen Qiufen Xia Muhammad Zeeshan Haider International School of Information Science and Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian116620China School of Software Dalian University of TechnologyDalian116620China

In the past decade,blockchain has evolved as a promising solution to develop secure distributed ledgers and has gained massive ***,current blockchain systems face the problems of limited throughput,poor scalability,and high *** to the failure of consensus algorithms in managing nodes’identities,blockchain technology is considered inappropriate for many applications,e.g.,in IoT environments,because of poor *** paper proposes a blockchain consensus mechanism called the Advanced DAG-based Ranking(ADR)protocol to improve blockchain scalability and *** ADR protocol uses the directed acyclic graph ledger,where nodes are placed according to their ranking positions in the *** allows honest nodes to use theDirect Acyclic Graph(DAG)topology to write blocks and verify transactions instead of a chain of *** using a three-step strategy,this protocol ensures that the system is secured against doublespending attacks and allows for higher throughput and *** first step involves the safe entry of nodes into the system by verifying their private and public *** next step involves developing an advanced DAG ledger so nodes can start block production and verify *** the third step,a ranking algorithm is developed to separate the nodes created by *** eliminating attacker nodes,the nodes are ranked according to their performance in the system,and true nodes are arranged in blocks in topological *** a result,the ADR protocol is suitable for applications in the Internet of Things(IoT).We evaluated ADR on EC2 clusters with more than 100 nodes and achieved better transaction throughput and liveness of the network while adding malicious *** on the simulation results,this research determined that the transaction’s performance was significantly improved over blockchains like Internet of Things Applications(IOTA)and ByteBall.

关键词： Blockchain scalability directed acyclic graph advanced DAG-based ranking protocol

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Controllable chaos in the coupled waveguide-optomechanical system with phase shifter

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第4期68卷 26-34页

作者： Deng-Wei Zhang Pei-Qi Qin Li-Li Zheng Zhi-Ming Zhan Xin-You Lü Department of Mathematics and Physics Luoyang Institute of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471023China School of Computer and Information Engineering School of SoftwareLuoyang Institute of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471023China School of Artificial Intelligence Jianghan UniversityWuhan 430056China School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

We theoretically investigate chaotic dynamics in an optomechanical system composed of a whispering-gallery-mode(WGM)microresonator and a *** find that tuning the optical phase using a phase shifter and modifying the coupling strength via a unidirectional waveguide(IWG)can induce chaotic *** underlying reason for this phenomenon is that adjusting the phase and coupling strength via the phase shifter and IWG bring the system close to an exceptional point(EP),where field localization dynamically enhances the optomechanical nonlinearity,leading to the generation of chaotic *** addition,due to the sensitivity of chaos to phase in the vicinity of the EP,we propose a theoretical scheme to measure the optical phase perturbations using *** work may offer an alternative approach to chaos generation with current experimental technology and provide theoretical guidance for optical signal processing and chaotic secure communication.

关键词： cavity optomechanics chaos exceptional point

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NJmat 2.0:User Instructions of Data-Driven Machine Learning Interface for Materials Science

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第4期83卷 1-11页

作者： Lei Zhang Hangyuan Deng Department of Internet Engineering School of Software EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing210044China Department of Materials Physics School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing210044China

NJmat is a user-friendly,data-driven machine learning interface designed for materials design and *** platform integrates advanced computational techniques,including natural language processing(NLP),large language models(LLM),machine learning potentials(MLP),and graph neural networks(GNN),to facili-tate materials *** platform has been applied in diverse materials research areas,including perovskite surface design,catalyst discovery,battery materials screening,structural alloy design,and molecular *** automating feature selection,predictive modeling,and result interpretation,NJmat accelerates the development of high-performance materials across energy storage,conversion,and structural ***,NJmat serves as an educational tool,allowing students and researchers to apply machine learning techniques in materials science with minimal coding *** automated feature extraction,genetic algorithms,and interpretable machine learning models,NJmat simplifies the workflow for materials informatics,bridging the gap between AI and experimental materials *** latest version(available at https://***/articles/software/NJmatML/24607893(accessed on 01 January 2025))enhances its functionality by incorporating NJmatNLP,a module leveraging language models like MatBERT and those based on Word2Vec to support materials prediction *** utilizing clustering and cosine similarity analysis with UMAP visualization,NJmat enables intuitive exploration of materials *** NJmat primarily focuses on structure-property relationships and the discovery of novel chemistries,it can also assist in optimizing processing conditions when relevant parameters are included in the training *** providing an accessible,integrated environment for machine learning-driven materials discovery,NJmat aligns with the objectives of the Materials Genome Initiative and promotes broader adoption of AI techniques in materials science.

关键词： Data-driven machine learning natural language processing machine learning potential large language model

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New analytical solutions for free vibration of embedded magneto-electro-elastic cylindrical shells with step-wise thickness variations

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第3期46卷 447-466页

作者： Jufang JIA Huilin YIN Qinyu YU Jiabin SUN Xinsheng XU Zhenhuan ZHOU School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Dalian Polytechnic UniversityDalian 116034Liaoning ProvinceChina State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial EquipmentSchool of Mechanics and Aerospace EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024Liaoning ProvinceChina State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial EquipmentSchool of Chemical EngineeringOcean and Life SciencesDalian University of TechnologyPanjin 124221Liaoning ProvinceChina

In recent years,magneto-electro-elastic(MEE)cylindrical shells with step-wise thicknesses have shown significant potential in the field of vibration energy *** aid the design of such energy harvesting devices,an accurate free vibration analysis of embedded MEE cylindrical shells with step-wise thicknesses is performed within the framework of symplectic *** using the Legendre transformation,a new known vector is defined to transform the higher-order partial differential governing equations into a set of lower-order ordinary differential ***,the original vibration analysis is regarded as an eigen problem in the symplectic space,and analytical solutions can be represented by the symplectic *** numerical examples,the new analytical solutions are compared with the existing results,and good agreement is ***,the effects of critical design parameters on free vibration characteristics are thoroughly *** numerical results can serve as benchmarks for the development of other approximate or numerical methods.

关键词： analytical solution free vibration magneto-electro-elastic(MEE)material cylindrical shell with variable thickness symplectic method

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Research on Image Defogging Algorithm Based on Improved FFA-Net

IAENG International Journal of Computer Science

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IAENG International Journal of Computer Science 2024年第6期51卷 634-641页

作者： Qinrong, Li Chi, Ma Qiang, Guo Hui, Hu School of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Science and Technology LiaoNing AnShan114051 China School of Computer Science and Engineering Huizhou University Huizhou516007 China

Images captured under severe weather conditions, such as haze and fog, suffer from image quality degradation caused by atmospheric particle diffusion. This degradation manifests as color fading, reduced contrast, and adversely affects the performance of various computer vision tasks. To address this, this paper presents an end-to-end feature fusion attention network (FFA-Net) designed to directly restore haze-free images. By incorporating the SSIM loss into the original loss function, the proposed method effectively captures the visual disparities between the estimated defogged image and the authentic haze-free image. Additionally, it mitigates the color distortion problem inherent in the original algorithm. To address the challenge of low brightness in input images, a low illumination enhancement module is introduced, seamlessly integrated with the FFA-Net defogging method. Subsequently, a comparative analysis of different defogging algorithms is conducted using two distinct foggy datasets. Multiple evaluation metrics are employed to assess the performance of these algorithms. The findings indicate that our algorithm significantly outperforms others in terms of objective indicators such as PSNR and SSIM, as well as visual effects. © (2024), (International Association of Engineers). All rights reserved.

关键词： Image enhancement

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Diabetic Retinopathy Image Segmentation Method Based on Fusion DenseNet and U-Net Network

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engineering Letters 2025年第2期33卷 418-428页

作者： Zhang, Yaxuan Xu, Yang Zhai, Jinlong University of Science and Technology LiaoNing Anshan114051 China School of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Science and Technology LiaoNing Anshan114051 China

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a common and significant complication in patients with diabetes, and severely affecting their quality of life. Image segmentation plays a crucial role in the early diagnosis and treatment of DR. However, traditional methods are limited in terms of segmentation accuracy and generalization capability. This paper proposes a novel image segmentation method for diabetic retinopathy based on the integration of DenseNet and U-Net networks. Firstly, DenseNet is utilized to replace the encoder part of U-Net. The dense connection mechanism enhances the efficiency of feature propagation and improves the feature extraction capability of the encoder. Secondly, we introduce Omni-Dimensional Dynamic Convolution (ODConv) to replace traditional convolutions. ODConv is used to handle diverse input features effectively. The model's adaptability and segmentation accuracy for various samples is improved. Finally, we integrate the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) into the decoder. By leveraging channel and spatial attention, the ability to capture key features is enhanced, and the segmentation accuracy and boundary recognition capabilities are improved. To validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the model. This paper conducts experiments on the DDR dataset and the IDRID dataset. The experimental results show that the proposed method improved the mDice score by 0.53% compared to traditional methods. It also increased the mIoU score by 1.12% over traditional methods. This indicates that the proposed method has better performance in segmenting diabetic retinopathy images. It also demonstrates better generalization ability. © 2025, International Association of Engineers. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image segmentation

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An Apricot Detection Algorithm in Complex Environments Based on Improved YOLOv7

IAENG International Journal of Computer Science

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IAENG International Journal of Computer Science 2024年第12期51卷 2135-2144页

作者： Guo, Qiang Ma, Chi Hu, Hui School of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Science and Technology LiaoNing AnShan114051 China School of Computer Science and Engineering Huizhou University Huizhou516007 China

Apricot detection is a prerequisite for counting and harvesting tasks. Existing algorithms face challenges in adapting to the impacts of complex environmental factors such as lighting variations, shadows, dense foliage, and the uneven distribution of samples in mechanized apricot harvesting. This paper proposes an enhanced model, YOLOv7-DC, based on YOLOv7, to address these challenges. YOLOv7-DC preprocesses diverse apricot tree samples to accommodate real-world harvesting detection scenarios. To improve model inference speed and detection accuracy, the detection network is redesigned with a new feature fusion method. DCNv2 is embedded within the efficient layer aggregation network (ELAN), and PConv is introduced to replace conventional convolutions, reducing the parameter impact of DCNv2. The training process incorporates the CBAM attention mechanism to enhance spatial and channel information. The ConvMixer architecture captures spatial and channel relationships transmitted to the detection head through the attention mechanism, improving the model’s detection accuracy for each specific classification sample. Experimental results show that YOLOv7-DC maintains good detection speed and recognition rates across various classification tasks. The improved model achieves a 6.2% increase in average detection accuracy compared to previous algorithms, with a 13% reduction in model parameters. YOLOv7-DC is better suited for handling imbalanced samples and complex environmental scenarios. © (2024), (International Association of Engineers). All rights reserved.

关键词： Apricot biloba detection Attention mechanism Feature fusion YOLOv7

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Adversarial Graph Convolutional Network for Skeleton-Based Early Action Prediction

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Journal of Computer Science & technology 2024年第6期39卷 1269-1280页

作者： Xian-Shan Li Neng Zhang Bin-Quan Cai Jing-Wen Kang Feng-Da Zhao School of Information Science and Engineering Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China School of Information Science and Engineering Xinjiang University of Science and TechnologyKorla 841000China Key Laboratory for Software Engineering of Hebei Province Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China

This paper proposes a novel method for early action prediction based on 3D skeleton data. Our method combines the advantages of graph convolutional networks (GCNs) and adversarial learning to avoid the problems of insufficient spatio-temporal feature extraction and difficulty in predicting actions in the early execution stage of actions. In our method, GCNs, which have outstanding performance in the field of action recognition, are used to extract the spatio-temporal features of the skeleton. The model learns how to optimize the feature distribution of partial videos from the features of full videos through adversarial learning. Experiments on two challenging action prediction datasets show that our method performs well on skeleton-based early action prediction. State-of-the-art performance is reported in some observation ratios.

关键词： graph convolutional network adversarial learning skeleton-based action prediction

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Event-based sliding mode control under denial-of-service attacks

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2022年第6期65卷 125-141页

作者： Yingxin TIAN Xiang LI Bo DONG Yabin GAO Ligang WU Department of Control Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology School of Software Harbin Institute of Technology

This paper deals with the problem of estimator-based sliding mode control against denial-of-service(DoS) attacks and discrete events via a time-delay approach. A networked system is considered an uncertain dynamical system with matched and mismatched perturbations and exogenous disturbance in the network environment. A network-resource-aware event-triggering mechanism is designed with aperiodically releasing system measurements. Furthermore, to describe the DoS attack duration and inter-event time, a time-delay modeling approach considers the DOS attack duration and inter-event time as a “time delay” of the measurements between the sensor and controller over the network is proposed. Consequently, an intervaltime-delay system with uncertainties is formulated. A state-observer-based sliding mode controller, by which the ideal sliding mode can be achieved, is proposed against the DoS attacks. The resulting sliding motion is proved to be robust and stable with an Lgain performance. Finally, the effectiveness and applicability of the present sliding mode control are validated in a simulated pendulum system.

关键词： sliding mode control time delay uncertain system state observer event trigger

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