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A novel high efficiency, low EMI driver circuit for switched-mode power supply

A novel high efficiency, low EMI driver circuit for switched...

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2024 International Conference on Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, ICOMD 2024

作者： Chen, Bingjie Liu, Xue Wang, Xin’an School of Software & Microelectronics Peking University Beijing China

ISBN: (数字)9781510689046

ISBN: (纸本)9781510689039

This paper proposes a novel high efficiency, low EMI driver circuit for switched-mode power supply, utilizing a segmented control design based on the Miller plateau characteristics. It achieves precise control of the gate voltage of the main power switch, effectively improving efficiency and reducing EMI. Simulation results demonstrate that, when applied to a boost converter, the proposed circuit reduces the switching loss of the main power switch and the conduction loss of the freewheeling diode, enhancing the converter’s efficiency by 2.5% while maintaining excellent EMI performance. This driver circuit has broad application potential and offers new insights for future power converter designs. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Circuit switching Transistors Electromagnetic coupling Field effect transistors Power supplies Design Device simulation Switching Diodes Signal attenuation

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A Hierarchical Reasoning Framework for Complex Question Answering over Knowledge Graph with Reinforcement Learning

A Hierarchical Reasoning Framework for Complex Question Answ...

引用

2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2025

作者： Zhang, Zhiqiang Zhang, Zhiyi Zhang, Yunxiao Zhao, Wen School of Software and Microelectronics Peking University Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368741

Knowledge graph question answering (KGQA) aims to answer natural language questions by reasoning across multiple triples in knowledge graphs (KGs). To enhance model interpretability, reinforcement learning based methods are introduced. However, existing methods struggle with effectively reasoning over KGs for complex questions with constraints. Meanwhile, they commonly encounter delayed and sparse rewards due to weak supervision. This paper proposes a Hierarchical Reasoning Network (HRN) to overcome these challenges. The proposed model dismantles the KGQA task into a high-level process for constraint detection and a low-level process for path reasoning. Moreover, to train from weak supervision, we base the proposed framework on hierarchical Reinforcement Learning with intrinsic motivation to mitigate the issue of low-quality rewards. Furthermore, we employ reward shaping strategy and actor-critic algorithm to effectively optimize our model. Extensive experiments conducted on two benchmark datasets clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning Knowledge Graph Question Answering

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Piezoelectric Acoustic Pressure Sensors with Enhanced Sensitivity and Stiffness Based on Stress Concentration Structures and Wedge-Shape Electrodes 38

Piezoelectric Acoustic Pressure Sensors with Enhanced Sensit...

引用

38th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, MEMS 2025

作者： You, Zhiwei Yang, Chong Zhao, Lei Bao, Aocheng Lu, Yipeng Peking University School of Integrated Circuits China Peking University School of Software and Microelectronics China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331508890

This paper demonstrates a piezoelectric acoustic pressure sensor that successfully combines high sensitivity with high stiffness. A concave hexagonal membrane structure was utilized to enhance the stress generated by acoustic pressure, resulting in a higher output charge density than traditional circular design. Furthermore, wedge shape electrodes and series connections were optimized to address the challenge of stress concentration in very limited areas, thereby maximizing the output voltage. Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin film was chosen due to its high piezoelectric constant and large dielectric constant, which enables sufficient capacitance for implementing a series connection of electrodes in a limited area. Meanwhile, the increased stiffness offers a high acoustic overload point or a wide bandwidth with a flat band response. Experimental results indicate that the concave hexagonal sensor exhibits a higher sensitivity of 22.5 μV/Pa at 1 kHz and a higher characteristic frequency of 270 kHz, compared to 15 μV/Pa and 146 kHz for circular sensors. The concave hexagonal pressure sensor with both high sensitivity and high stiffness demonstrates that the stress concentration strategy can be an insightful technique for advanced pressure sensor development. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Piezoelectricity

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Bone-Shape PMUTs with Enhanced Bandwidth for Doppler Blood Flow Detection 38

Bone-Shape PMUTs with Enhanced Bandwidth for Doppler Blood F...

引用

38th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, MEMS 2025

作者： Yang, Kai Zhao, Lei Fang, Yexing Xia, Jiao Sheng, Bowen Zhang, Haixia Lu, Yipeng Peking University School of Integrated Circuits China Peking University School of Software and Microelectronics China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331508890

Recently, piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducers (PMUTs) have shown great potential in blood flow detection applications, while the key challenge is achieving the balance of sensitivity and bandwidth. In this paper, we demonstrated a unique multimodal bone-shape design of PMUTs, featuring a low-frequency epiphysis section and a high-frequency diaphysis section, which allows the PMUTs to operate across a wide range of frequencies. This design, combined with frequency tuning via DC bias and the fusion effect of mutual radiation impedance, enables the PMUTs to achieve a high fractional bandwidth of 116% and a high transmitting sensitivity of 15 kPa/V at 5 mm from the surface. Furthermore, these broadband PMUTs are capable of simultaneously detecting both the inner and outer tube wall interfaces, while characterizing blood flow rate variations from 0 to 0.701 m/s with excellent linearity by performing Doppler spectral analysis (via FFT transform) of the received echo signals. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Piezoelectric transducers

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An Ultrasonic Wireless Power Transmission System with High Conversion Efficiency Based on 30% ScAlN Piezoelectric MEMS Transducers 38

An Ultrasonic Wireless Power Transmission System with High C...

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38th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, MEMS 2025

作者： Zhang, Chenyuan You, Zhiwei Xia, Jiao Guo, Yiwei Wang, Junhao Lu, Yipeng Peking University School of Software and Microelectronics China Peking University School of Integrated Circuits China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331508890

This study proposed an ultrasonic wireless power transmission system for implantable medical devices (IMDs) using high receiving sensitivity piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (PMUTs) with a 30% scandium-doped aluminum nitride (ScAlN) thin film. PMUT arrays with various element numbers were designed, fabricated and characterized with electrical impedance, acoustic receiving sensitivity, directivity, and power conversion efficiency for various electrical loads. The experimental results showed that increasing element number in PMUT arrays improved receiving sensitivity while making the PMUT array more directional and more sensitive to alignment with the ultrasonic transmission probe. An optimized 25×25 PMUT array with 128μm pitch maintains high receiving sensitivity (5V/MPa at ~500kHz) and reasonably good directivity (18°), making it less sensitive to the lateral alignment. Additionally, the study investigated the relationship between ultrasonic power conversion efficiency and load impedance matching. The optimized system was found to be capable of providing 130μW power for a 20kΩ load with a power conversion efficiency of 6.2%, enabling it to charge a 220μF capacitor to 3V within 550 seconds. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Piezoelectricity

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Surface Inspection of Liquid and Ice Layers using a Wide-Bandwidth and Highly Directional Ultrasonic Transducer 38

Surface Inspection of Liquid and Ice Layers using a Wide-Ban...

引用

38th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, MEMS 2025

作者： Wang, Junhao Xia, Jiao Bao, Aocheng Yang, Chong Xie, Ting Gan, Jinghan Zhao, Lei Wang, Wei Lu, Yipeng Peking University School of Software and Microelectronics China Peking University School of Integrated Circuits China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331508890

The ultrasound propagation attenuation coefficient detection is a widely used method for identifying different media types. Multi-frequency detection provides more comprehensive information but requires ultrasonic transducers with a broad bandwidth. This study presents a piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT) array integrating multiple frequency elements with optimized spacing to achieve the fusion of multiple vibration modes, resulting in -6 dB emission bandwidth and pulse-echo fractional bandwidth up to 230% and 143%, respectively. This ultra-wide bandwidth enables precise reception of pulse echoes across diverse frequencies while minimizing signal overlap from ringdown effects. Moreover, by optimizing the PMUT array size relative to wavelength, a highly directional acoustic beam of 5° was achieved, ensuring that pulse echoes can penetrate through media with high attenuation or multilayered structures. Experimental results demonstrate that the attenuation coefficients in liquid and ice are related to their own material composition and structure properties. These findings emphasize the potential of this PMUT array for identifying and analyzing surface media, with promising applications in the transportation industry and industrial production. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Ultrasonic transducers

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Liquid Viscosity Detection Based on Harmonic Engineering and Dual-Frequency Ultrasonic Transducer Arrays 38

Liquid Viscosity Detection Based on Harmonic Engineering and...

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38th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, MEMS 2025

作者： Xia, Jiao Bao, Aocheng Wang, Junhao Gan, Jinghan Sheng, Bowen Lu, Yipeng Peking University School of Integrated Circuits China Peking University School of Software and Microelectronics China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331508890

Liquid viscosity detection plays a crucial role in many fields, such as food manufacturing and pharmaceutical production. While traditional viscosity measurement methods typically rely on various viscometers, ultrasonic technology offers significant advantages, such as non-destructive, contactless, and real-time detection. When ultrasonic waves propagate through the liquid, nonlinear phenomena within the liquid generate ultrasonic harmonics. Utilizing a specially designed dual-frequency piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducer (PMUT), harmonic information in silicone oils with viscosities ranging from 10cSt to 1000cSt can be effectively captured by pulse-echo method. To enhance the transmission and receiving sensitivities, the frequencies of the dual-frequency PMUT are designed to satisfy the frequency doubling, specifically at 3.2MHz and 6.4MHz. Experimental results demonstrated that the ultrasonic harmonic detection approach for liquid viscosity is capable of effectively distinguishing different liquid viscosities and attenuation coefficients, and therefore can differentiate various liquids such as FC-40 fluorinated liquid and silicone oils. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Silicones

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Two-Dimensional Ultrasound Imaging Using Single Transducer Pixel Based on Spatial-Spectrum Correlation Method 38

Two-Dimensional Ultrasound Imaging Using Single Transducer P...

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38th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, MEMS 2025

作者： Gan, Jinghan Bao, Aocheng Yang, Chong Fang, Yexing Wang, Junhao Xia, Jiao Sheng, Bowen Lu, Yipeng Peking University School of Integrated Circuit China Peking University School of Software and Microelectronics China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331508890

Traditional ultrasound imaging relies on one-dimensional (1D) transducer arrays for two-dimensional (2D) image. While precise, this approach is limited by slow imaging speeds and the complexity of parallel circuitry needed to manage multiple channels. This paper introduces a near-field imaging technique using a single multi-frequency piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (pMUT) with a spatially correlated spectral design. As a result, an ultrasound image of a 0.3mm diameter pencil lead was constructed using the single transducer. Furthermore, the great potential for fast imaging was demonstrated using a multi-frequency square wave signal. This technique establishes a foundation for three-dimensional fast ultrasound imaging with minimal 1D channels, offering significant advantages for applications like endoscopy. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Ultrasonic imaging

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Miniature and Wireless Ultrasonic Imaging System for Wearable Human Carotid Artery Health Monitoring 38

Miniature and Wireless Ultrasonic Imaging System for Wearabl...

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38th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, MEMS 2025

作者： Zhao, Lei Bao, Aocheng Yang, Chong Wang, Junhao Cao, Xixin Lu, Yipeng Peking University School of Software and Microelectronics China Peking University School of Integrated Circuits China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331508890

This paper presents a miniature and wireless ultrasonic imaging system based on a high-frequency piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT) array. The high fill-factor rectangular PMUT array with multimodal fusion operates at a center frequency of 11 MHz with bandwidth 7.5 MHz and transmitting sensitivity 8.25 kPa/V at 5 mm from the surface, achieving a great figure of merit (FOM) of 61.9 MHz×kPa/V. The 64-channel array, fabricated using a cavity silicon on insulator (CSOI) substrate, shows less than 4% frequency variation, ensuring excellent consistency. The superior electrical-mechanical-acoustic coupling efficiency and broad bandwidth provide a great margin for signal-to-noise ratio loss, a challenge of miniature systems due to compact circuit size and simplified signal processing. The miniature and wireless ultrasonic imaging system was developed and tested with the human carotid artery, achieving detailed imaging of arterial walls and lumen. The small size and high performance make it promising for wearable monitoring with continuous and non-invasive assessment, which is essential for early detection of atherosclerotic changes and cardiovascular health management. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Ultrasonic imaging

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Hierarchical Power Co-Optimization and Management for LLM Chiplet Designs 24

Hierarchical Power Co-Optimization and Management for LLM Ch...

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43rd International Conference on Computer-Aided Design, ICCAD 2024

作者： Dong, Yanchi Liu, Xueping Hao, Xiaochen Liang, Yun Huang, Ru Ye, Le Jia, Tianyu School of Integrated Circuits Peking University Beijing China School of Software & Microelectronics Peking University Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400710773

The demand for efficient and high-performance hardware for large language models (LLMs) has driven the development of scalable chiplet design, which requires careful power optimization and management. This paper presents a co-optimization and management methodology for hierarchical power delivery of chiplet designs targeting LLM applications. To model LLM workload mapping and power delivery, we first build a scalable chiplet simulator, which demonstrates different power strategies have notable efficiency impact and require careful and thorough optimizations. We further develop a co-optimization framework ScalePoM for chiplet power management. Based on given LLM model and PPA requirements, ScalePoM can automatically explore the chiplet architecture and workload mapping for optimal hierarchical power delivery. Our co-optimization methodology is evaluated through two scaled LLM chiplets with different interconnect topologies, achieving an average of 45% and up to 62% energy saving for large language model inferences with various sparsity levels. © 2024 Copyright is held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Power management

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