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FedPHE: A Secure and Efficient Federated Learning via Packed Homomorphic Encryption

IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 2025年

作者： Li, Yuqing Yan, Nan Chen, Jing Wang, Xiong Hong, Jianan He, Kun Wang, Wei Li, Bo Wuhan University Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Security and Trusted Computing Ministry of Education School of Cyber Science and Engineering Wuhan430072 China Wuhan University RiZhao Information Technology Institute Rizhao276800 China Huazhong University of Science and Technology National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab/Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Cyber Science and Engineering Shanghai200240 China Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hong Kong

Cross-silo federated learning (FL) enables multiple institutions (clients) to collaboratively build a global model without sharing private data. To prevent privacy leakage during aggregation, homomorphic encryption (HE) is widely used to encrypt model updates, yet incurs high computation and communication overheads. To reduce these overheads, packed HE (PHE) has been proposed to encrypt multiple plaintexts into a single ciphertext. However, the original design of PHE assumes all clients share a single private key, making the system vulnerable to security threats of ciphertexts being intercepted and decrypted by honest-but-curious clients. Also, it does not consider the heterogeneity among different clients, resulting in undermined training efficiency with slow convergence and stragglers. To address these challenges, we propose FedPHE, a secure and efficient FL framework with PHE by jointly exploiting contribution-aware secure aggregation and straggler-resistant client selection. Using CKKS with sparsification and blinding, FedPHE achieves efficient secure aggregation that allows clients to only provide obscured encrypted updates while the server can perform aggregation by accounting for contributions of local updates. To mitigate the straggler effect, we devise a perturbed sketch-based selection to cherry-pick representative clients with heterogeneous models and computing capabilities in a communication-efficient and privacy-preserving manner. We show, through rigorous security analysis and extensive experiments, that FedPHE can efficiently safeguard clients' privacy, achieve 2.45-6.56× training speedup, cut the communication overhead by 1.32-24.85×, and reduce straggler effects by 1.89-2.78×. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Privacy by design

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A Transformer-Based Spatio-Temporal Graph Neural Network for Anomaly Detection on Dynamic Graphs 12th

A Transformer-Based Spatio-Temporal Graph Neural Network for...

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12th CCF Conference on BigData, BigData 2024

作者： Gao, Yuanjun Zhu, Quntao Shi, Xuanhua Jin, Hai National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819610235

Dynamic graphs have emerged as a pivotal data structure underpinning real-world network applications. Against this backdrop, detecting anomalies in dynamic graphs has become particularly important, serving as a foundation for multiple downstream tasks. However, existing research has been limited by only considering the simplistic spatial features of the target edge and being confined to local spatial structures. This confinement imposes significant limitations on model performance. Furthermore, current models have not adequately addressed the issue of missing node attributes, relying solely on one-hot encoding to represent nodes, which restricts the expressive capacity of spatial features. In response to these challenges, we propose an end-to-end transformer-based spatio-temporal graph neural network model called TransSTGNN for detecting anomalous edges on dynamic graphs. This model innovatively integrates the graph convolution network with the transformer model to extract multi-dimensional spatial features of the target edge. Simultaneously, TransSTGNN incorporates a novel node enhancement module that reinforces the representation capability of spatial features by encoding the spatial attributes of nodes, effectively tackling the problem of missing node attributes. Extensive experiments confirm that TransSTGNN surpasses the state-of-the-art methods in anomaly detection on six benchmark datasets and effectively resolves the challenges mentioned above. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Spatio-temporal data

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FPGA-Based Large-Scale Sorting with Optimized Bandwidth Utilization

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ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and systems 2025年第2期18卷 1-27页

作者： Mingqian Sun Guangwei Xie Fan Zhang Wei Guo Xitian Fan Li Chen Jiayu Du School of Cyber Science and Engineering Southeast University Nanjing China School of Computer Science Fudan University Shanghai China National Digital Switching System Engineering and Technological Research Center Zhengzhou China Hongzhen Information Technology Co. Ltd Shanghai China Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing China

Fast sorting of large-scale data is an essential task for data centers. In previous works, the existing computational model of sorting kernel still results in lower bandwidth utilization on the external memory bus. And the execution of merge operations in merge sort circuit on FPGAs depends on control commands from the host CPU. In this case, the merge sort circuit is not fully offloaded to hardware layer for acceleration, resulting in a performance loss. We design an on-chip merge sort controller to efficiently command the merge sort process. The proposed controller has the ability to schedule multiple on-chip computing kernels simultaneously in a more efficient mode, thus ensuring that the circuit has a better bandwidth utilization. Meanwhile, fundamental factors affecting the performance of merge sort are studied and analyzed, and we propose a high-performance merge sort architecture. Results show that using the proposed controller-centered architecture, an overall improvement of 20%–30% in sorting throughput can be achieved. Compared with the state-of-the-art previous merge sorting implementation on FPGA, our circuit can achieve 1.22/1.46\(\times\) speedup.

关键词： Merge sort FPGA system architecture on-chip controller

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Compressed VGGNet for Automatic COVID-19 Disease Detection from CT Scan Images 8th

Compressed VGGNet for Automatic COVID-19 Disease Detection f...

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8th IFIP TC 12 International Conference on computer, Communication and Signal Processing, ICCCSP 2024

作者： Vinothini, R. Niranjana, G. Dhamanti, Inge Lailiyah, Syifa’ul Yakub, Fitri Department of Computer Science and Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur 603203 India Department of Computing Technologies School of Computing SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur 603203 India Department of Health Policy and Administration Faculty of Public Health Universitas Airlangga Surabaya Indonesia Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences Universitas Airlangga East Java Indonesia Electronic System Engineering Department Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9783031736162

Millions of people across the globe were affected by this rapidly spreading disease by the year 2020. Contamination of the respiratory system results from contracting COVID-19. Nonetheless, establishing a conclusive diagnosis of COVID-19 may prove difficult due to the subtle differences it shares with conventional pneumonia and the complexities involved in identifying areas of infection. A growing number of approaches based on deep learning (DL) are being proposed for the automated detection of COVID-19 from CT scan images. By employing the data pretreatment methodology, unprocessed image data becomes prepared for further analysis. The proposed framework utilised transfer learning to construct VGGNet, which is capable of discerning the Covid-19 disease. The model was subsequently assessed in comparison to the most sophisticated models, VGG16 and VGG19, using the SARS-COV2 CT scan dataset. This dataset contains 1230 CT scans of non-infected images and 1252 CT scans of Covid-19-infected images. The model has achieved 99% accuracy, 98% precision, 97% recall, and 98% F1-score, among other performance metrics. © IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2025.

关键词： COVID-19

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High-integrated photonic tensor core utilizing high-dimensional lightwave and microwave multidomain multiplexing

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Light(science & Applications) 2025年第1期14卷 227-237页

作者： Xiangyan Meng Nuannuan Shi Guojie Zhang Junshen Li Ye Jin Shiyou Sun Yichen Shen Wei Li Ninghua Zhu Ming Li Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Institute of SemiconductorsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100083China College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China School of Electronic Electrical and Communication EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China China Academy of Space Technology(Xi’an) Xi’anShaanxi710100China WeChat Pay Lab 33 Shenzhen Tencent Computer System Co.Ltd.Shenzhen518054China Lightelligence Group Hangzhou311121China

The burgeoning volume of parameters in artificial neural network models has posed substantial challenges to conventional tensor computing *** from the available optical multidimensional information entropy,optical intelligent computing is used as an alternative solution to address the emerging challenges of electrical *** limitations,in terms of device size and photonic integration scale,have hindered the performance of optical ***,an ultrahigh computing density optical tensor processing unit(OTPU),which is grounded in an individual microring resonator(MRR),is introduced to respond to these *** the independent tuning of multiwavelength lasers,the operational capabilities of an MRR are orchestrated,culminating in the formation of an optical tensor *** design facilitates the execution of tensor convolution operations via the lightwave and microwave multidomain hybrid multiplexing in terms of the time,wavelength,and frequency of *** experimental results for the MRR-based OTPU show an extraordinary computing density of 34.04 TOPS/***,the achieved accuracy rate in recognizing MNIST handwritten digits was 96.41%.These outcomes signify a significant advancement toward the realization of high-performance optical tensor processing chips.

关键词： tuning resonator tensor

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Raising Awareness of Location Information Vulnerabilities in Social Media Photos using LLMs 25

Raising Awareness of Location Information Vulnerabilities in...

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Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing systems

作者： Ying Ma Shiquan Zhang Dongju Yang Zhanna Sarsenbayeva Jarrod Knibbe Jorge Goncalves School of Computing and Information Systems University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia School of Computing and Information System University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia School of Computer Science University of Sydney Sydney Australia School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia

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AccelES: Accelerating Top-K SpMV for Embedding Similarity via Low-bit Pruning

AccelES: Accelerating Top-K SpMV for Embedding Similarity vi...

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IEEE Symposium on High-Performance computer Architecture

作者： Jiaqi Zhai Xuanhua Shi Kaiyi Huang Chencheng Ye Weifang Hu Bingsheng He Hai Jin National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System/Services Computing Technology and System Lab/Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China School of Computing National University of Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (数字)9798331506476

ISBN: (纸本)9798331506483

In the realm of recommendation systems, achieving real-time performance in embedding similarity tasks is often hindered by the limitations of traditional Top-K sparse matrix-vector multiplication (SpMV) methods, which suffer from high latency due to inefficient memory access patterns. This paper identifies these critical gaps and introduces AccelES, a novel approach that significantly enhances the efficiency of Top-K SpMV. Our method employs a two-stage calculation scheme: the first stage utilizes a compact, low-bit dataset to quickly identify the most relevant entries, while the second stage performs full-precision calculations solely on this pruned subset, thereby minimizing computational overhead. Furthermore, AccelES incorporates innovative matrix representations, Ultra-CSR and Random-CSR, which optimize memory bandwidth utilization. Experimental results demonstrate that AccelES accelerates performance, surpassing state-of-the-art FPGA, GPU, and CPU solutions by factors of 3.4×, 2.5×, and 153.3×, respectively, under controlled conditions. These advancements not only enhance processing speed but also significantly improve real-time performance in recommendation systems, establishing AccelES as a pivotal contribution to the field of Top-K sparse matrix-vector multiplication.

关键词： Quantization (signal) High dimensional data Memory management Graphics processing units Bandwidth Real-time systems Sparse matrices Recommender systems Field programmable gate arrays Optimization

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Biomimetic Multi-UAV Swarm Exploration with U2U Communications Under Resource Constraints

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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2025年

作者： Huang, Yuanhao Wang, Hao Bai, Xuesong Cai, Xuan Yu, Haiyang Ren, Yilong Beihang University School of Transportation Science and Engineering Beijing100191 China State Key Lab of Intelligent Transportation System Beijing100191 China Dalian University of Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Dalian China Zhongguancun Laboratory Beijing100094 China

Existing multi-agent algorithms struggle with spatial coordination and require extensive prior environmental information for effective large-scale operation. This study introduces an innovative multi-UAV system that employs an evolutionary algorithm, reconceptualizing collaborative search tasks as a multi-objective cooperative challenge. Inspired by bacteria's stochastic exploration for pheromones, the algorithm utilizes pheromone concentration and gradient effects to enhance multi-source exploration's efficiency and robustness. A bespoke multi-UAV framework with UAV-to-UAV (U2U) communication was developed to implement and test the algorithm. Comprehensive experiments tested various chemotaxis strategies, guidance strengths, team sizes, and starting conditions, demonstrating the algorithm's consistent effectiveness in expansive terrains without relying on prior information. © 1967-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Modified Kelvin-Voigt fractional derivative model for viscoelasticity measurement in optical coherence elastography

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Chinese Optics Letters 2025年第1期23卷 93-101页

作者： Chenming Yang Zhongliang Li Nan Nan Teng Liu Yaoli Luo Xiangzhao Wang Advanced Light Source and System R&D Center Department of Advanced Optical and Microelectronic EquipmentShanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation College of Optical Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

Optical coherence elastography(OCE)can quantitatively obtain the viscoelasticity of tissues using rheological models and is widely applied to the clinical diagnosis of ***,commonly used rheological models in OCE do not account for the distinctive dependence of high-frequency storage and loss moduli on frequency in tissues,which results in the rheological models failing to accurately measure the viscoelastic properties of *** this paper,a modified Kelvin-Voigt fractional derivative model is presented based on the power-law behavior of soft tissues and the dependence of high-frequency complex shear modulus on frequency in living *** the rheometer and OCE tests,the modified model can provide the prediction of the power-law relationship between the low-frequency shear viscosity and frequency;compared with the Kelvin-Voigt and Kelvin-Voigt fractional derivative models,the modified model has a higher goodness-of-fit(accuracy>96%)for the high-frequency storage moduli of gelatin ***,the proposed model can reduce the root mean square error of fit by approximately 83%for the high-frequency(1–128 kHz)storage modulus of the polydimethylsiloxane phantoms obtained from publicly available ***,the modified model accurately predicts the mechanical properties of biomimetic materials over a wide frequency range,with the potential to more accurately reflect pathological changes in tissues.

关键词： optical coherence tomography optical coherence elastography viscoelasticity rheological model

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Non-Line-of-Sight Multipath Classification Method for BDS Using Convolutional Sparse Autoencoder with LSTM

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Tsinghua science and Technology 2025年第1期30卷 68-86页

作者： Yahang Qin Zhenni Li Shengli Xie Bo Li Ming Liu Victor Kuzin School of Automation Guangdong University of Technologyand also with Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Smart Discrete ManufacturingGuangzhou 510006China School of Automation Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangdong Key Laboratory of IoT Information TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China 111 Center for Intelligent Batch Manufacturing Based on IoT Technology Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and System Integration of IoTMinistry of EducationGuangzhou 510006China Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologHong Kong 999077China Academician of Russian Engineering Academy Moscow Moscow 125009Russia

Multipath signal recognition is crucial to the ability to provide high-precision absolute-position services by the BeiDou Navigation Satellite system(BDS).However,most existing approaches to this issue involve supervised machine learning(ML)methods,and it is difficult to move to unsupervised multipath signal recognition because of the limitations in signal *** by an autoencoder with powerful unsupervised feature extraction,we propose a new deep learning(DL)model for BDS signal recognition that places a long short-term memory(LSTM)module in series with a convolutional sparse autoencoder to create a new autoencoder ***,we propose to capture the temporal correlations in long-duration BeiDou satellite time-series signals by using the LSTM module to mine the temporal change patterns in the time ***,we develop a convolutional sparse autoencoder method that learns a compressed representation of the input data,which then enables downscaled and unsupervised feature extraction from long-duration BeiDou satellite series ***,we add an l_(1/2) regularizer to the objective function of our DL model to remove redundant neurons from the neural network while ensuring recognition *** tested our proposed approach on a real urban canyon dataset,and the results demonstrated that our algorithm could achieve better classification performance than two ML-based methods(e.g.,11%better than a support vector machine)and two existing DL-based methods(e.g.,7.26%better than convolutional neural networks).

关键词： convolutional sparse autoencoder BeiDou Navigation Satellite system(BDS) long short-term memory(LSTM) multipath classification

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