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arXiv 2025年

作者： Steinhebel, Amanda L. Caputo, Regina Violette, Daniel P. Affolder, Anthony Bauman, Autumn Chinatti, Carolyn Deshmukh, Aware Fadayev, Vitaliy Fukazawa, Yasushi Jadhav, Manoj Kierans, Carolyn Kim, Bobae Kim, Jihee Klest, Henry Kroger, Olivia Kumar, Kavic Kushima, Shin Lauenstein, Jean-Marie Leys, Richard Martinez-Mckinney, Forest Metcalfe, Jessica Metzler, Zachary Mitchell, John W. Nakano, Norito Ott, Jennifer Peric, Ivan Perkins, Jeremy S. Rudin, Max R. Shin, Taylor K.W. Sommer, Grant Striebig, Nicolas Suda, Yusuke Tajima, Hiroyasu Valverde, Janeth Zurek, Maria NASA Postdoctoral Program NASA Goddard Space Flight Center MD United States University of California Santa CruzCA United States University of Colorado DenverCO United States NASA Office of STEM Engagement WashingtonDC United States Carleton College Minnesota United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology Maryland United States Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Japan Argonne National Laboratory Illinois United States University of Maryland MD United States Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research Nagoya University Japan Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Germany Rice University TX United States The George Washington University WashingtonDC United States Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe Nagoya University Japan Department of Physics Center for Space Sciences and Technology University of Maryland Baltimore CountyMD United States

A next-generation medium-energy gamma-ray telescope targeting the MeV range would address open questions in astrophysics regarding how extreme conditions accelerate cosmic-ray particles, produce relativistic jet outflows, and more. One concept, AMEGO-X, relies upon the mission-enabling CMOS Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor silicon chip AstroPix. AstroPix is designed for space-based use, featuring low noise, low power consumption, and high scalability. Desired performance of the device include an energy resolution of 5 keV (or 10% FWHM) at 122 keV and a dynamic range per-pixel of 25 − 700 keV, enabled by the addition of a high-voltage bias to each pixel which supports a depletion depth of 500 μm. This work reports on the status of the AstroPix development process with emphasis on the current version under test, version three (v3), and highlights of version two (v2). Version 3 achieves energy resolution of 10.4 ± 3.2% at 59.5 keV and 94 ± 6 μm depletion in a low-resistivity test silicon substrate. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Cosmology

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Double-free-layer stochastic magnetic tunnel junctions with synthetic antiferromagnets

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Physical Review Applied 2024年第5期21卷 054002-054002页

作者： Kemal Selcuk Shun Kanai Rikuto Ota Hideo Ohno Shunsuke Fukami Kerem Y. Camsari Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA Research Institute of Electrical Communication Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University 6-6 Aramaki Aza Aoba Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8579 Japan WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR) Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan Center for Science and Innovation in Spintronics (CSIS) Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan PRESTO Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) Kawaguchi 332-0012 Japan Division for the Establishment of Frontier Sciences of Organization for Advanced Studies at Tohoku University Tohoku University Sendai 980-8577 Japan National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology Takasaki 370-1207 Japan Center for Innovative Integrated Electronic Systems (CIES) Tohoku University 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba Aoba-ku Sendai 980-0845 Japan Inamori Research Institute of Science (InaRIS) Kyoto 600-8411 Japan

Stochastic magnetic tunnel junctions (SMTJs) using low-barrier nanomagnets have shown promise as fast, energy-efficient, and scalable building blocks for probabilistic computing. Despite recent experimental and theoretical progress, SMTJs exhibiting the ideal characteristics necessary for probabilistic bits (p-bits) are still lacking. Ideally, the SMTJs should have (a) voltage bias independence, preventing read disturbance; (b) uniform randomness in the magnetization angle between the two magnetic layers; and (c) fast fluctuations without requiring external magnetic fields, while being robust to magnetic field perturbations. Here, we propose a design that satisfies all of these requirements, using double-free-layer SMTJs with synthetic antiferromagnets (SAFs). We evaluate the proposed SMTJ design with experimentally benchmarked spin-circuit models, accounting for transport physics, coupled with the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation for magnetization dynamics. We find that the use of low-barrier SAF layers reduces dipolar coupling, achieving uncorrelated fluctuations at zero-magnetic field, surviving up to diameters exceeding D≈100nm if the nanomagnets can be made thin enough (≈1–2nm). The double-free-layer structure retains bias independence and the circular nature of the nanomagnets provides near-uniform randomness with fast fluctuations. Combining our full SMTJ model with advanced transistor models, we estimate the energy to generate a random bit to be about 3.6fJ, with fluctuation rates of about 3.3GHz per p-bit. Our results will guide the experimental development of superior stochastic magnetic tunnel junctions for large-scale and energy-efficient probabilistic computation for problems relevant to machine learning and artificial intelligence.

关键词： Machine learning Neuromorphic computing Probabilistic computing Spintronics Stochastic processes Devices for digital logic, storage & processing Magnetic tunnel junctions Synthetic antiferromagnetic multilayers

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Stable optical beats between laser longitudinal modes for THz waves using chaotic supremacy 18

Stable optical beats between laser longitudinal modes for TH...

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Terahertz, RF, Millimeter, and Submillimeter-Wave technology and Applications XVIII 2025

作者： Kuwashima, Fumiyoshi Jarrahi, Mona Cakmakyapan, Semih Wada, Kenji Haraguchi, Masanobu Kawakami, Yuki Moriyasu, Takeshi Morikawa, Osamu Kurihara, Kazuyoshi Kitahara, Hideaki Furuya, Takashi Nakajima, Makoto Tani, Masahiko Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering Fukui University of Technology 3-6-1 Gakuen Fukui910-8505 Japan Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of California Los Angeles 66-147E Engineering IV 420 Westwood Plaza Los AngelesCA90095 United States Department of Physics and Electronics Osaka Metropolitan University 1-1 Gakuencho Naka-ku Osaka Sakai599-8531 Japan Graduate School of Technology Industrial and Social Science Tokushima University Tokushima770-8506 Japan Fukui College Geshi-Cho Sabae Fukui916-8507 Japan Faculty of Engineering University of Fukui 3-9-1 Bunkyo Fukui city910-8507 Japan Japan Coast Guard Academy Wakabacho 5-1 Hiroshima Kure737-8512 Japan School of Education University of Fukui 3-9-1 Bunkyo Fukui910-8507 Japan Research Center for Development of Far-Infrared Region University of Fukui 3-9-1 Bunkyo Fukui910-8507 Japan Institute of Laser engineering Osaka Univ. 2-6 Yamadaoka Osaka Suita565-0871 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781510684782

Efficiency of optical beats in a chaotically oscillating laser is confirmed comparing that of free running CW laser using a highly efficient plasmonic photomixer. Ultra-stability of optical beats with laser chaos continues down to the laser threshold level. The great potential of chaotically oscillating lasers is verified for THz systems. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Optical phase conjugation

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Robotic additive construction of bar structures: Unified sequence and motion planning

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Huang, Yijiang Garrett, Caelan R. Ting, Ian Parascho, Stefana Mueller, Caitlin T. Building Technology Program Department of Architecture Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Princeton University CREATE Laboratory School of Architecture PrincetonNJ08544 United States

Additive robotic construction of building-scale discrete bar structures, such as trusses and space frames, is increasingly attractive due to the potential improvements in efficiency, safety, and design possibilities. However, programming complex robots, such as manipulators with seven degrees of freedom, to successfully complete construction tasks can be tedious, challenging, or impossible for a human to do manually. Namely, the structure must be constructed in a sequence that preserves structural properties, such as stiffness, at each step. At the same time, this sequence must allow for the robot to precisely manipulate elements within the in-progress structure while respecting geometric constraints that, for example, ensure the robot does not collide with what it has built. In this work, we present an automated and newly generalized planning approach for jointly finding a construction sequence and robot motion plan for additive construction that satisfies these requirements. Our approach can be applied in a variety of additive construction processes, and we demonstrate it specifically on spatial extrusion and discrete bar assembly in this paper. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on several simulated and real-world extrusion and assembly tasks, including a human-scale physical prototype, for which our algorithm is deployed for the first time to plan the assembly of a complicated double tangent bar system design. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Additives

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More Optimal Fractional-Order Stochastic Gradient Descent for Non-Convex Optimization Problems

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Partohaghighi, Mohammad Marcia, Roummel Chen, YangQuan Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Graduate Program University of California Merced United States Department of Applied Mathematics University of California Merced MercedCA United States Lab Department of Mechanical Engineering School of Engineering University of California MercedCA95343 United States

Fractional-order stochastic gradient descent (FOSGD) leverages fractional exponents to capture long-memory effects in optimization. However, its utility is often limited by the difficulty of tuning and stabilizing these exponents. We propose 2SED Fractional-Order Stochastic Gradient Descent (2SEDFOSGD), which integrates the Two-Scale Effective Dimension (2SED) algorithm with FOSGD to adapt the fractional exponent in a data-driven manner. By tracking model sensitivity and effective dimensionality, 2SEDFOSGD dynamically modulates the exponent to mitigate oscillations and hasten convergence. Theoretically, for onoconvex optimization problems, this approach preserves the advantages of fractional memory without the sluggish or unstable behavior observed in naïve fractional SGD. Empirical evaluations in Gaussian and α-stable noise scenarios using an autoregressive (AR) model highlight faster convergence and more robust parameter estimates compared to baseline methods, underscoring the potential of dimension-aware fractional techniques for advanced modeling and estimation tasks. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Convex optimization

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Development of a VS ultrasound diagnostic system with image evaluation functions

Development of a VS ultrasound diagnostic system with image ...

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IEEE Global Conference on Consumer Electronics (GCCE)

作者： Jiayi Zhou Norihiro Koizumi Yu Nishiyama Ryosuke Tsumura Hiroyuki Tsukihara Naoki Matsumoto Department of Mechanical and Intelligent Systems The University of Electro-Communications Tokyo Japan Department of Computer and Network Engineering The University of Electro-Communications Tokyo Japan Health and Medical Research Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tokyo Japan Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Nihon University Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781665492331

An inevitable feature of ultrasound-based diagnoses is that the quality of the ultrasound images produced depends directly on the skill of the physician operating the probe. This is because physicians have to constantly adjust the probe position to obtain a cross-section of the target organ, which is constantly shifting due to patient respiratory motions. Therefore, we developed an ultrasound diagnostic robot that works in cooperation with a visual servo system based on deep learning that will help alleviate the burdens imposed on physicians. Two different image processing methods (BiSeNet V2) were used to detect the target kidney location, as well as to evaluate the appropriateness of the obtained ultrasound images (ResNet 50) in developed system.

关键词： Deep learning Visualization Ultrasonic imaging Image processing Medical services Probes Servomotors

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RoboRIO-based Crop Harvesting Robot

RoboRIO-based Crop Harvesting Robot

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International Symposium on computer, Consumer and Control (IS3C)

作者： Kuo- Hsien Hsia Ze-Yu Huang Bo-Jun Yang Jia-Ming Hsiao Bachelor Program in Interdisciplinary Studies National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Douliou Taiwan National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Douliou Taiwan Graduate School of Engineering Science and Technology National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Douliou Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9781728193625

ISBN: (纸本)9781728193632

Due to the change in life style and the gradual rise of health awareness, more and more people have given up their jobs, returned to the countryside, and bought or rented a small piece of land to live the life of small farmers. Therefore, small agricultural machinery will gradually have a place in the future market. In this paper, aiming at small and medium-sized farmers of cucumber planting, we have designed a prototype of a mobile robot for harvesting low-hanging crop like cucumbers. It is based on the NI roboRIO controller, and Mecanum-wheels are used as the moving wheel. After preliminary real-machine simulation, it was verified that the designed robot can meet the needs of assisting the harvesting of hanging crops.

关键词： Computational modeling Wheels Prototypes Agricultural machinery Agriculture Mobile robots

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Amplification and cloning of arabidopsis 6xhis-tagged mpk6 fusion encoded gene to characterize biochemical mitogen-activated protein kinase in disease resistance role against Fusarium graminearum 2

Amplification and cloning of arabidopsis 6xhis-tagged mpk6 f...

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2nd International Conference of Interdisciplinary Research on Green Environmental Approach for Sustainable Development, ICROEST 2020

作者： Rahmah, M.H. Nishiuchi, T. Study Program of Biology Education Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Universitas Sulawesi Barat Majene Sulawesi Barat Indonesia Division of Functional Genomics Advanced Science Research Center Kanazawa University 13-1 Takaramachi Kanazawa920-0934 Japan Division of Life Science Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Kanazawa University Kanazawa920-1192 Japan

The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MPK) cascade plays an important role in the intracellular signaling transduction pathway leading to resistance against phytopathogens produced by Fusarium graminearum. In the cascade, there are three prominent kinase protein groups involved, an MPK kinase kinase (MPKKK), MPK kinase (MPKK), and an MPK. Recognitions of pathogen-derived molecules in plants trigger rapid activation of some MPKs including MPK6 which are found in a wide variety of plant species, including in Arabidopsis thaliana. The structure of MPK6 contains kinase domain and common docking (CD) domain. CD domain is phosphorylated by interact with MPKK. Moreover, the MPKK which binds to MPK6 and its phosphorylation mechanism are still unknown, so as initial study is needed to investigate biochemical characterization by prepare MPK6 protein. In this research, mpk 6 was amplified by using a pair primer and subsequently was ligated into pET160/GW/D-TOPO vector which contained with sequence encoded 6xHistidine tag protein for protein purification assay. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Phosphorylation

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Performance Evaluation of WMN-PSOSA-DGA Simulation System Considering Uniform and Chi-Square Client Distributions 23rd

Performance Evaluation of WMN-PSOSA-DGA Simulation System Co...

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23rd International Conference on Network-Based Information Systems, NBiS 2020

作者： Barolli, Admir Sakamoto, Shinji Ampririt, Phudit Ohara, Seiji Barolli, Leonard Takizawa, Makoto Department of Information Technology Aleksander Moisiu University of Durres L.1 Rruga e Currilave Durres Albania Department of Computer and Information Science Seikei University 3-3-1 Kichijoji-Kitamachi Musashino-shiTokyo180-8633 Japan Graduate School of Engineering Fukuoka Institute of Technology 3-30-1 Wajiro-Higashi Higashi-KuFukuoka811-0295 Japan Department of Information and Communication Engineering Fukuoka Institute of Technology 3-30-1 Wajiro-Higashi Higashi-KuFukuoka811-0295 Japan Department of Advanced Sciences Faculty of Science and Engineering Hosei University Kajino-Machi Koganei-ShiTokyo184-8584 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9783030578107

The Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have many advantages such as low cost and high-speed wireless Internet connectivity. The connectivity and stability are important factors in the performance of WMNs. In our previous work, we implemented a simulation system considering Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Simulated Annealing (SA) and Distributed Genetic Algorithm (DGA), called WMN-PSOSA-DGA. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of WMNs using WMN-PSOSA-DGA simulation system considering Uniform and Chi-square distributions of mesh clients. Simulation results show that a good performance is achieved for Chi-square distribution compared with the case of Uniform distribution. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Simulated annealing

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Performance evaluation of wmn-psosa-dga simulation system considering linearly decreasing vmax method and rational decreament of vmax method 14th

Performance evaluation of wmn-psosa-dga simulation system co...

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14th International Conference on Innovative Mobile and Internet Services in Ubiquitous Computing, IMIS 2020

作者： Barolli, Admir Sakamoto, Shinji Ohara, Seiji Barolli, Leonard Takizawa, Makoto Department of Information Technology Aleksander Moisiu University of Durres L.1 Rruga e Currilave Durres Albania Department of Computer and Information Science Seikei University 3-3-1 Kichijoji-Kitamachi Musashino-shi Tokyo180-8633 Japan Graduate School of Engineering Fukuoka Institute of Technology 3-30-1 Wajiro-Higashi Higashi-Ku Fukuoka811-0295 Japan Department of Information and Communication Engineering Fukuoka Institute of Technology 3-30-1 Wajiro-Higashi Higashi-Ku Fukuoka811-0295 Japan Department of Advanced Sciences Faculty of Science and Engineering Hosei University Kajino-Machi Koganei-Shi Tokyo184-8584 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9783030503987

The Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are becoming an important networking infrastructure because they have many advantages such as low cost and increased high speed wireless Internet connectivity. In our previous work, we implemented a simulation system considering Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Simulated Annealing (SA) and Distributed Genetic Algorithm (DGA), called WMN-PSOSA-DGA. In this paper, we present the performance of WMNs using WMN-PSOSA-DGA simulation system considering Linearly Decreasing Vmax Method (LDVM) and Rational Decrement of Vmax Method (RDVM). Simulation results show that a good performance is achieved for RDVM compared with the case of LDVM. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021.

关键词： Simulated annealing

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