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Double-free-layer stochastic magnetic tunnel junctions with synthetic antiferromagnets

Physical Review Applied 2024年第5期21卷 054002-054002页

作者： Kemal Selcuk Shun Kanai Rikuto Ota Hideo Ohno Shunsuke Fukami Kerem Y. Camsari Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA Research Institute of Electrical Communication Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University 6-6 Aramaki Aza Aoba Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8579 Japan WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR) Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan Center for Science and Innovation in Spintronics (CSIS) Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan PRESTO Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) Kawaguchi 332-0012 Japan Division for the Establishment of Frontier Sciences of Organization for Advanced Studies at Tohoku University Tohoku University Sendai 980-8577 Japan National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology Takasaki 370-1207 Japan Center for Innovative Integrated Electronic Systems (CIES) Tohoku University 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba Aoba-ku Sendai 980-0845 Japan Inamori Research Institute of Science (InaRIS) Kyoto 600-8411 Japan

Stochastic magnetic tunnel junctions (SMTJs) using low-barrier nanomagnets have shown promise as fast, energy-efficient, and scalable building blocks for probabilistic computing. Despite recent experimental and theoretical progress, SMTJs exhibiting the ideal characteristics necessary for probabilistic bits (p-bits) are still lacking. Ideally, the SMTJs should have (a) voltage bias independence, preventing read disturbance; (b) uniform randomness in the magnetization angle between the two magnetic layers; and (c) fast fluctuations without requiring external magnetic fields, while being robust to magnetic field perturbations. Here, we propose a design that satisfies all of these requirements, using double-free-layer SMTJs with synthetic antiferromagnets (SAFs). We evaluate the proposed SMTJ design with experimentally benchmarked spin-circuit models, accounting for transport physics, coupled with the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation for magnetization dynamics. We find that the use of low-barrier SAF layers reduces dipolar coupling, achieving uncorrelated fluctuations at zero-magnetic field, surviving up to diameters exceeding D≈100nm if the nanomagnets can be made thin enough (≈1–2nm). The double-free-layer structure retains bias independence and the circular nature of the nanomagnets provides near-uniform randomness with fast fluctuations. Combining our full SMTJ model with advanced transistor models, we estimate the energy to generate a random bit to be about 3.6fJ, with fluctuation rates of about 3.3GHz per p-bit. Our results will guide the experimental development of superior stochastic magnetic tunnel junctions for large-scale and energy-efficient probabilistic computation for problems relevant to machine learning and artificial intelligence.

关键词： Machine learning Neuromorphic computing Probabilistic computing Spintronics Stochastic processes Devices for digital logic, storage & processing Magnetic tunnel junctions Synthetic antiferromagnetic multilayers

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Robotic additive construction of bar structures: Unified sequence and motion planning

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Huang, Yijiang Garrett, Caelan R. Ting, Ian Parascho, Stefana Mueller, Caitlin T. Building Technology Program Department of Architecture Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Princeton University CREATE Laboratory School of Architecture PrincetonNJ08544 United States

Additive robotic construction of building-scale discrete bar structures, such as trusses and space frames, is increasingly attractive due to the potential improvements in efficiency, safety, and design possibilities. However, programming complex robots, such as manipulators with seven degrees of freedom, to successfully complete construction tasks can be tedious, challenging, or impossible for a human to do manually. Namely, the structure must be constructed in a sequence that preserves structural properties, such as stiffness, at each step. At the same time, this sequence must allow for the robot to precisely manipulate elements within the in-progress structure while respecting geometric constraints that, for example, ensure the robot does not collide with what it has built. In this work, we present an automated and newly generalized planning approach for jointly finding a construction sequence and robot motion plan for additive construction that satisfies these requirements. Our approach can be applied in a variety of additive construction processes, and we demonstrate it specifically on spatial extrusion and discrete bar assembly in this paper. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on several simulated and real-world extrusion and assembly tasks, including a human-scale physical prototype, for which our algorithm is deployed for the first time to plan the assembly of a complicated double tangent bar system design. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Additives

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Multi-Objective-Guided Discrete Flow Matching for Controllable Biological Sequence Design

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Chen, Tong Zhang, Yinuo Tang, Sophia Chatterjee, Pranam Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University United States Department of Computer Science Fudan University China Center of Computational Biology Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore Management and Technology Program University of Pennsylvania United States Department of Computer Science Duke University United States Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Duke University United States

Designing biological sequences that satisfy multiple, often conflicting, functional and biophysical criteria remains a central challenge in biomolecule engineering. While discrete flow matching models have recently shown promise for efficient sampling in high-dimensional sequence spaces, existing approaches address only single objectives or require continuous embeddings that can distort discrete distributions. We present Multi-Objective-Guided Discrete Flow Matching (MOG-DFM), a general framework to steer any pretrained discrete flow matching generator toward Pareto-efficient trade-offs across multiple scalar objectives. At each sampling step, MOG-DFM computes a hybrid rank-directional score for candidate transitions and applies an adaptive hypercone filter to enforce consistent multi-objective progression. We also trained two unconditional discrete flow matching models, PepDFM for diverse peptide generation and EnhancerDFM for functional enhancer DNA generation, as base generation models for MOG-DFM. We demonstrate MOG-DFM’s effectiveness in generating peptide binders optimized across five properties (hemolysis, non-fouling, solubility, half-life, and binding affinity), and in designing DNA sequences with specific enhancer classes and DNA shapes. In total, MOG-DFM proves to be a powerful tool for multi-property-guided biomolecule sequence design. © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Pareto principle

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Development of a VS ultrasound diagnostic system with image evaluation functions

Development of a VS ultrasound diagnostic system with image ...

引用

IEEE Global Conference on Consumer Electronics (GCCE)

作者： Jiayi Zhou Norihiro Koizumi Yu Nishiyama Ryosuke Tsumura Hiroyuki Tsukihara Naoki Matsumoto Department of Mechanical and Intelligent Systems The University of Electro-Communications Tokyo Japan Department of Computer and Network Engineering The University of Electro-Communications Tokyo Japan Health and Medical Research Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tokyo Japan Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Nihon University Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781665492331

An inevitable feature of ultrasound-based diagnoses is that the quality of the ultrasound images produced depends directly on the skill of the physician operating the probe. This is because physicians have to constantly adjust the probe position to obtain a cross-section of the target organ, which is constantly shifting due to patient respiratory motions. Therefore, we developed an ultrasound diagnostic robot that works in cooperation with a visual servo system based on deep learning that will help alleviate the burdens imposed on physicians. Two different image processing methods (BiSeNet V2) were used to detect the target kidney location, as well as to evaluate the appropriateness of the obtained ultrasound images (ResNet 50) in developed system.

关键词： Deep learning Visualization Ultrasonic imaging Image processing Medical services Probes Servomotors

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RoboRIO-based Crop Harvesting Robot

RoboRIO-based Crop Harvesting Robot

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International Symposium on computer, Consumer and Control (IS3C)

作者： Kuo- Hsien Hsia Ze-Yu Huang Bo-Jun Yang Jia-Ming Hsiao Bachelor Program in Interdisciplinary Studies National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Douliou Taiwan National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Douliou Taiwan Graduate School of Engineering Science and Technology National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Douliou Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9781728193625

ISBN: (纸本)9781728193632

Due to the change in life style and the gradual rise of health awareness, more and more people have given up their jobs, returned to the countryside, and bought or rented a small piece of land to live the life of small farmers. Therefore, small agricultural machinery will gradually have a place in the future market. In this paper, aiming at small and medium-sized farmers of cucumber planting, we have designed a prototype of a mobile robot for harvesting low-hanging crop like cucumbers. It is based on the NI roboRIO controller, and Mecanum-wheels are used as the moving wheel. After preliminary real-machine simulation, it was verified that the designed robot can meet the needs of assisting the harvesting of hanging crops.

关键词： Computational modeling Wheels Prototypes Agricultural machinery Agriculture Mobile robots

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Amplification and cloning of arabidopsis 6xhis-tagged mpk6 fusion encoded gene to characterize biochemical mitogen-activated protein kinase in disease resistance role against Fusarium graminearum 2

Amplification and cloning of arabidopsis 6xhis-tagged mpk6 f...

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2nd International Conference of Interdisciplinary Research on Green Environmental Approach for Sustainable Development, ICROEST 2020

作者： Rahmah, M.H. Nishiuchi, T. Study Program of Biology Education Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Universitas Sulawesi Barat Majene Sulawesi Barat Indonesia Division of Functional Genomics Advanced Science Research Center Kanazawa University 13-1 Takaramachi Kanazawa920-0934 Japan Division of Life Science Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Kanazawa University Kanazawa920-1192 Japan

The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MPK) cascade plays an important role in the intracellular signaling transduction pathway leading to resistance against phytopathogens produced by Fusarium graminearum. In the cascade, there are three prominent kinase protein groups involved, an MPK kinase kinase (MPKKK), MPK kinase (MPKK), and an MPK. Recognitions of pathogen-derived molecules in plants trigger rapid activation of some MPKs including MPK6 which are found in a wide variety of plant species, including in Arabidopsis thaliana. The structure of MPK6 contains kinase domain and common docking (CD) domain. CD domain is phosphorylated by interact with MPKK. Moreover, the MPKK which binds to MPK6 and its phosphorylation mechanism are still unknown, so as initial study is needed to investigate biochemical characterization by prepare MPK6 protein. In this research, mpk 6 was amplified by using a pair primer and subsequently was ligated into pET160/GW/D-TOPO vector which contained with sequence encoded 6xHistidine tag protein for protein purification assay. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Phosphorylation

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Performance Evaluation of WMN-PSOSA-DGA Simulation System Considering Uniform and Chi-Square Client Distributions 23rd

Performance Evaluation of WMN-PSOSA-DGA Simulation System Co...

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23rd International Conference on Network-Based Information Systems, NBiS 2020

作者： Barolli, Admir Sakamoto, Shinji Ampririt, Phudit Ohara, Seiji Barolli, Leonard Takizawa, Makoto Department of Information Technology Aleksander Moisiu University of Durres L.1 Rruga e Currilave Durres Albania Department of Computer and Information Science Seikei University 3-3-1 Kichijoji-Kitamachi Musashino-shiTokyo180-8633 Japan Graduate School of Engineering Fukuoka Institute of Technology 3-30-1 Wajiro-Higashi Higashi-KuFukuoka811-0295 Japan Department of Information and Communication Engineering Fukuoka Institute of Technology 3-30-1 Wajiro-Higashi Higashi-KuFukuoka811-0295 Japan Department of Advanced Sciences Faculty of Science and Engineering Hosei University Kajino-Machi Koganei-ShiTokyo184-8584 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9783030578107

The Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have many advantages such as low cost and high-speed wireless Internet connectivity. The connectivity and stability are important factors in the performance of WMNs. In our previous work, we implemented a simulation system considering Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Simulated Annealing (SA) and Distributed Genetic Algorithm (DGA), called WMN-PSOSA-DGA. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of WMNs using WMN-PSOSA-DGA simulation system considering Uniform and Chi-square distributions of mesh clients. Simulation results show that a good performance is achieved for Chi-square distribution compared with the case of Uniform distribution. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Simulated annealing

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New strategy for reversal tolerant anode for automotive polymer electrolyte fuel cell

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2019年第6期30卷 1186-1189页

作者： Chanho Pak Seung Woo Lee Chaekyung Baik Bong Ho Lee Dae Jong You Eunyoung You Graduate Program of Energy Technology School of Integrated Technology Institute of Integrated Technology Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea Fuel Cell Engineering Core Technology Team Division of Electric Powertrain Hyundai Mobis Co. Ltd. Yongin Gyeonggi-do 16891 Republic of Korea

Since the commercialization of the fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell system has been actively improved as a powertrain for ultimate environment-friendly vehicle. During the FCEV operation, various transient conditions such as start-up/shut-down and fuel starvation occur irregularly, which deteriorates the durability of the membrane electrode assembly. In particular, when fuel starvation occurs, the carbon support in the anode is oxidized within few minutes, thus the mitigation of this phenomenon is essential for securing the durability. This short review introduces the concept of reversal tolerant anode (RTA), which is a mitigation method using an oxygen evolution catalyst and reviews some previous reports. In addition, new approach for RTA suggested by authors recently, which is the replacement of Pt anode catalyst by multifunctional IrRu alloy catalyst that simultaneously exhibits the activities for the hydrogen oxidation reaction and the oxygen evolution reaction is introduced.

关键词： Multifunctional IrRu alloy catalyst Reversal tolerant anode Hydrogen oxidation reaction catalyst Oxygen evolution reaction catalyst Cell reversal durability Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

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Performance evaluation of wmn-psosa-dga simulation system considering linearly decreasing vmax method and rational decreament of vmax method 14th

Performance evaluation of wmn-psosa-dga simulation system co...

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14th International Conference on Innovative Mobile and Internet Services in Ubiquitous Computing, IMIS 2020

作者： Barolli, Admir Sakamoto, Shinji Ohara, Seiji Barolli, Leonard Takizawa, Makoto Department of Information Technology Aleksander Moisiu University of Durres L.1 Rruga e Currilave Durres Albania Department of Computer and Information Science Seikei University 3-3-1 Kichijoji-Kitamachi Musashino-shi Tokyo180-8633 Japan Graduate School of Engineering Fukuoka Institute of Technology 3-30-1 Wajiro-Higashi Higashi-Ku Fukuoka811-0295 Japan Department of Information and Communication Engineering Fukuoka Institute of Technology 3-30-1 Wajiro-Higashi Higashi-Ku Fukuoka811-0295 Japan Department of Advanced Sciences Faculty of Science and Engineering Hosei University Kajino-Machi Koganei-Shi Tokyo184-8584 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9783030503987

The Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are becoming an important networking infrastructure because they have many advantages such as low cost and increased high speed wireless Internet connectivity. In our previous work, we implemented a simulation system considering Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Simulated Annealing (SA) and Distributed Genetic Algorithm (DGA), called WMN-PSOSA-DGA. In this paper, we present the performance of WMNs using WMN-PSOSA-DGA simulation system considering Linearly Decreasing Vmax Method (LDVM) and Rational Decrement of Vmax Method (RDVM). Simulation results show that a good performance is achieved for RDVM compared with the case of LDVM. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021.

关键词： Simulated annealing

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Landau Polaritons in a Full-Dielectric Three-Dimensional Photonic-Crystal Cavity

Landau Polaritons in a Full-Dielectric Three-Dimensional Pho...

引用

CLEO: science and Innovations, S and I 2022

作者： Tay, Fuyang Mojibpour, Ali Liang, Shuang Baydin, Andrey Ahmadivand, Arash Peraca, Nicolas Marquez Xu, Hongjing Gardner, Geoff C. Manfra, Michael J. Hagenmüller, David Kono, Junichiro Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Microsoft Quantum Purdue Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States School of Materials Engineering Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States Université de Strasbourg CNRS Strasbourg67000 France Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781557528209

We fabricated a full-dielectric three-dimensional photonic-crystal cavity containing an ultrahigh-mobility two-dimensional electron gas. By applying a strong perpendicular magnetic field, we created Landau polaritons originating from the ultrastrong coupling of electrons with cavity modes. © Optica Publishing Group 2022, © 2022 The Author(s)

关键词： Polariton

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