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arXiv 2024年

作者： Ma, Yinghao Øland, Anders Ragni, Anton Del Sette, Bleiz MacSen Saitis, Charalampos Donahue, Chris Lin, Chenghua Plachouras, Christos Benetos, Emmanouil Shatri, Elona Morreale, Fabio Zhang, Ge Fazekas, György Xia, Gus Zhang, Huan Manco, Ilaria Huang, Jiawen Guinot, Julien Lin, Liwei Marinelli, Luca Lam, Max W.Y. Sharma, Megha Kong, Qiuqiang Dannenberg, Roger B. Yuan, Ruibin Wu, Shangda Wu, Shih-Lun Dai, Shuqi Lei, Shun Kang, Shiyin Dixon, Simon Chen, Wenhu Huang, Wenhao Du, Xingjian Qu, Xingwei Tan, Xu Li, Yizhi Tian, Zeyue Wu, Zhiyong Wu, Zhizheng Ma, Ziyang Wang, Ziyu The Centre for Digital Music Queen Mary University of London LondonE1 4NS United Kingdom The School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University PA15213 United States University of Sheffield Western Bank SheffieldS10 2TN United Kingdom The University of Manchester Oxford Rd ManchesterM13 9PL United Kingdom University of Auckland New Zealand 01.AI Beijing100089 China Music X Lab Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence New York University Shanghai United States University of Tokyo Japan The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong The Division of Emerging Interdisciplinary Areas The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong The Central Conservatory of Music China The Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University China The Skywork AI PTE. LTD. Beijing China The Department of Computer Science University of Waterloo N2L 3G1 Canada Vector Institute Canada University of Rochester United States Microsoft United States The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen China Shanghai Jiao Tong University China

In recent years, foundation models (FMs) such as large language models (LLMs) and latent diffusion models (LDMs) have profoundly impacted diverse sectors, including music. This comprehensive review examines state-of-the-art (SOTA) pre-trained models and foundation models in music, spanning from representation learning, generative learning and multimodal learning. We first contextualise the significance of music in various industries and trace the evolution of AI in music. By delineating the modalities targeted by foundation models, we discover many of the music representations are underexplored in FM development. Then, emphasis is placed on the lack of versatility of previous methods on diverse music applications, along with the potential of FMs in music understanding, generation and medical application. By comprehensively exploring the details of the model pre-training paradigm, architectural choices, tokenisation, finetuning methodologies and controllability, we emphasise the important topics that should have been well explored, like instruction tuning and in-context learning, scaling law and emergent ability, as well as long-sequence modelling, etc. A dedicated section presents insights into music agents, accompanied by a thorough analysis of datasets and evaluations essential for pre-training and downstream tasks. Finally, by underscoring the vital importance of ethical considerations, we advocate that following research on FM for music should focus more on such issues as interpretability, transparency, human responsibility, and copyright issues. The paper offers insights into future challenges and trends on FMs for music, aiming to shape the trajectory of human-AI collaboration in the music realm. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Self-supervised learning

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Structured nonnegative matrix factorization for traffic flow estimation of large cloud networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Atif, Syed Muhammad Gillis, Nicolas Qazi, Sameer Naseem, Imran Graduate School of Science and Engineering Karachi Institute of Economics and Technology Korangi Creek Sindh Karachi75190 Pakistan College of Engineering Karachi Institute of Economics and Technology Korangi Creek Sindh Karachi75190 Pakistan Department of Mathematics and Operational Research Faculté Polytechnique Université de Mons Rue de Houdain 9 Mons7000 Belgium School of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway CrawleyWA6009 Australia

Network traffic matrix estimation is an ill-posed linear inverse problem: it requires to estimate the unobservable origin destination traffic flows, X, given the observable link traffic flows, Y, and a binary routing matrix, A, which are such that Y = AX. This is a challenging but vital problem as accurate estimation of OD flows is required for several network management tasks. In this paper, we propose a novel model for the network traffic matrix estimation problem which maps high-dimension OD flows to low-dimension latent flows with the following three constraints: (1) nonnegativity constraint on the estimated OD flows, (2) autoregression constraint that enables the proposed model to effectively capture temporal patterns of the OD flows, and (3) orthogonality constraint that ensures the mapping between low-dimensional latent flows and the corresponding link flows to be distance preserving. The parameters of the proposed model are estimated with a training algorithm based on Nesterov accelerated gradient and generally shows fast convergence. We validate the proposed traffic flow estimation model on two real backbone IP network datasets, namely Internet2 and GÉANT. Empirical results show that the proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art models not only in terms of tracking the individual OD flows but also in terms of standard performance metrics. The proposed model is also found to be highly scalable compared to the existing state-of-the-art approaches. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Matrix algebra

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Lotus seed skin proanthocyanidin extract exhibits potent antioxidant property via activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway

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生物化学与生物物理学报（英文版） 2019年第1期51卷 31-40页

作者： Tao Li Qili Li Weiguo Wu Yong Li De-xing Hou Hua Xu Baodong Zheng Shaoxiao Zeng Yang Shan Xiangyang Lu Fangming Deng Si Qin Core Research Program 1515 Key Laboratory for Food Science and Biotechnology of Hunan Province College of Food Science and Technology Hunan Agricultural University Changsha 410128 China Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha 410125 China Core Research Program 1515 Key Laboratory for Food Science and Biotechnology of Hunan Province College of Food Science and Technology Hunan Agricultural University Changsha 410128 China The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Kagoshima University Kagoshima 890-0065Japan Department of Pediatrics Steele Children's Research Center University of Arizona Tucson 85724 USA Department of Food Safety College of Food Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou 350002 China Core Research Program 1515 Key Laboratory for Food Science and Biotechnology of Hunan Province College of Food Science and Technology Hunan Agricultural University Changsha 410128 China The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Kagoshima University Kagoshima 890-0065Japan Department of Pediatrics Steele Children's Research Center University of Arizona Tucson 85724 USA

Lotus seed is well known as traditional food and medicine,but its skin is usually *** studies have shown that lotus seed skin contains a high concentration of proanthocyanidins that have multi-functions,such as antioxidation,anti-inflammation,and anti-cancer *** the present study,we aimed to isolate and purify the proanthocyanidins from lotus seed skin by acetone extraction and rotary evaporation,identify their chemical structures by HPLC-MS-MS and NMR,and further investigate the antioxidant properties of the extract purified by macroporous resin (PMR) from lotus seed skin both in vitro and in *** results showed that PMR mainly contained oligomeric proanthocyanidins,especially dimeric procyanidin B1 (PB1),procyanidin B2 and procyanidin *** it had limited ability to directly scavenge radicals in vitro,PMR could significantly enhance the expressions of antioxidant proteins via activation of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway in HepG2 *** data revealed that PB1,a major component in PMR,stabilized Nrf2 by inhibiting the ubiquitination of Nrf2,which led to subsequent activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway,including the enhancements of Nrf2 nuclear translocation,Nrf2-ARE binding and ARE transcriptional ***,the in vivo results in high fat diet-induced mice further verified the powerful antioxidant property of *** results revealed that lotus seed skin is a promising resource for functional food development.

关键词： lotus seed skin extract proanthocyanidin Nrf2-ARE pathway antioxidant activity

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Ab initio derivation of low-energy Hamiltonians for systems with strong spin-orbit interaction: Application to Ca5Ir3O12

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Physical Review B 2021年第7期104卷 075153-075153页

作者： Maxime Charlebois Jean-Baptiste Morée Kazuma Nakamura Yusuke Nomura Terumasa Tadano Yoshihide Yoshimoto Youhei Yamaji Takumi Hasegawa Kazuyuki Matsuhira Masatoshi Imada Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University Okubo Shinjuku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology Kitakyushu 804-8550 Japan RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan Research Center for Magnetic and Spintronic Materials National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba 305-0047 Japan Department of Computer Science University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Department of Applied Physics University of Tokyo Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials National Institute for Materials Science Namiki Tsukuba-shi Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences Hiroshima University Higashihiroshima Hiroshima 739-8521 Japan Toyota Physical and Chemical Research Institute Yokomichi Nagakute Aichi 480-1192 Japan

We present an ab initio derivation method for effective low-energy Hamiltonians of material with strong spin-orbit interactions. The effective Hamiltonian is described in terms of the Wannier function in the spinor form, and effective interactions are derived with the constrained random phase approximation (cRPA) method. Based on this formalism and the developed code, we derive an effective Hamiltonian of a strong spin-orbit interaction material Ca5Ir3O12. This system consists of three edge-shared IrO6 octahedral chains arranged along the c axis, and the three Ir atoms in the ab plane compose a triangular lattice. For such a complicated structure, we need to set up the Wannier spinor function under the local coordinate system. We found that a density-functional band structure near the Fermi level is formed by local dxy and dyz orbitals. Then, we constructed the ab initio dxy/dyz model. The estimated nearest-neighbor transfer t is close to 0.2 eV, and the cRPA on-site U and neighboring V electronic interactions are found to be 2.4–2.5 eV and 1 eV, respectively. The resulting characteristic correlation strength defined by (U−V)/t is above 7, and thus this material is classified as a strongly correlated electron system. The on-site transfer integral involved in the spin-orbit interaction is 0.2 eV, which is comparable to the on-site exchange integrals ∼0.2 eV, indicating that the spin-orbit-interaction physics would compete with the Hund physics. Based on these calculated results, we discuss possible rich ground-state low-energy electronic structures of spin, charge, and orbitals with competing Hund, spin-orbit, and strong-correlation physics.

关键词： Spin-orbit coupling 3-dimensional systems Complex materials Density functional theory Electron-correlation calculations First-principles calculations Hubbard model Lattice models in condensed matter Tight-binding model Wannier function methods

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Loss tangent fluctuations due to two-level systems in superconducting microwave resonators

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Vallières, André Russell, Megan E. You, Xinyuan Garcia-Wetten, David A. Goronzy, Dominic P. Walker, Mitchell J. Bedzyk, Michael J. Hersam, Mark C. Romanenko, Alexander Lu, Yao Grassellino, Anna Koch, Jens McRae, Corey Rae H. Graduate Program in Applied Physics Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory BataviaIL60510 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Chemistry Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Center for Applied Physics and Superconducting Technologies Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Electrical Computing and Energy Engineering Department University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Department of Physics University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States National Institute of Standards and Technology BoulderCO80305 United States

Superconducting microwave resonators are critical to quantum computing and sensing technologies. Additionally, they are common proxies for superconducting qubits when determining the effects of performance-limiting loss mechanisms such as from two-level systems (TLS). The extraction of these loss mechanisms is often performed by measuring the internal quality factor Qi as a function of power or temperature. In this work, we investigate large temporal fluctuations of Qi at low powers over periods of 12 to 16 hours (relative standard deviation σQi/Qi = 13%). These fluctuations are ubiquitous across multiple resonators, chips and cooldowns. We are able to attribute these fluctuations to variations in the TLS loss tangent due to two main indicators. First, measured fluctuations decrease as power and temperature increase. Second, for interleaved measurements, we observe correlations between low- and medium-power Qi fluctuations and an absence of correlations with high-power fluctuations. Agreement with the TLS loss tangent mean is obtained by performing measurements over a time span of a few hours. We hypothesize that, in addition to decoherence due to coupling to individual near-resonant TLS, superconducting qubits are affected by these observed TLS loss tangent fluctuations. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Qubits

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The ALMA Survey of 70 µm Dark High-mass Clumps in Early Stages (ASHES). X: Hot Gas Reveals Deeply Embedded Star Formation

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Izumi, Natsuko Sanhueza, Patricio Koch, Patrick M. Lu, Xing Li, Shanghuo Sabatini, Giovanni Olguin, Fernando A. Zhang, Qizhou Nakamura, Fumitaka Tatematsu, Ken'ichi Morii, Kaho Sakai, Takeshi Tafoya, Daniel Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica No. 1 Section 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei10617 Taiwan National Astronomical Observatory of Japan National Institutes of Natural Sciences 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Astronomical Science Program The Graduate University for Advanced Studies SOKENDAI 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences 80 Nandan Road Shanghai200030 China Max Planck Institute for Astronomy Konigstuhl 17 HeidelbergD-69117 Germany INAF Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri Largo E. Fermi 5 FirenzeI-50125 Italy Institute of Astronomy National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Center for Astrophysics |Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Astronomy Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0033 Japan Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering The University of Electro-Communications Chofu Tokyo182-8585 Japan Department of Space Earth and Environment Chalmers University of Technology Onsala Space Observatory OnsalaSE-439 92 Sweden

Massive infrared dark clouds (IRDCs) are considered to host the earliest stages of high-mass star formation. In particular, 70 µm dark IRDCs are the colder and more quiescent clouds. At a scale of about 5000 au using formaldehyde (H2CO) emission, we investigate the kinetic temperature of dense cores in 12 IRDCs obtained from the pilot ALMA Survey of 70 µm dark High-mass clumps in Early Stages (ASHES). Compared to 1.3 mm dust continuum and other molecular lines, such as C18O and deuterated species, we find that H2CO is mainly sensitive to low-velocity outflow components rather than to quiescent gas expected in the early phases of star formation. The kinetic temperatures of these components range from 26 to 300 K. The Mach number reaches about 15 with an average value of about 4, suggesting that the velocity distribution of gas traced by H2CO is significantly influenced by a supersonic non-thermal component. In addition, we detect warm line emission from HC3N and OCS in 14 protostellar cores, which requires high excitation temperatures (Eu/k ∼ 100 K). These results show that some of the embedded cores in the ASHES fields are in an advanced evolutionary stage, previously unexpected for 70 µm dark IRDCs. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Giant stars

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Numerical study of Newtonian fluid flows in t-shaped structures with impermeable walls

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Defect and Diffusion Forum 2019年第1期396卷 177-186页

作者： Da Rosa Pepe, Vinicius Rocha, Luiz Alberto Oliveira Zinani, Flávia Schwarz Franceschini Miguel, Antonio Ferreira Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do sul Rua Sarmento Leite 425 Porto Alegre RS90050-170 Brazil Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering Universidade Do Vale Do Rio Dos Sinos Av. Unisinos 950 São Leopoldo RS Brazil Department of Physics School of Science and Technology University of Evora Largo dos Colegiais 2 Évora EVR7000 Portugal

This article presents the results of flows in "T" shaped duct bifurcations. The problem is to find the resistance to flow in three-dimensional (3D) structures with different homothetic relationships between sizes (diameters and lengths) of parent and daughter ducts. The method used is the Constructal Design, which is based on the Constructal Theory. The minimization of the global resistance to flow, subjected to geometric constraints of volume and area occupied by the ducts, is the key to search for optimum configurations. The flows investigated were three-dimensional, laminar, incompressible, in steady state, with uniform and constant properties. The results obtained numerically were verified via comparison with analytical results available in the literature. In this work, ranges of length and ratio of diameterss from 0.5 to 1 and 0.1 to 1, respectively, were investigated, for Reynolds numbers equal to 102 and 103. The main results indicate that the T-shaped structure with impermeable walls, agree with Hess-Murray's law. © 2019 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.

关键词： Ducts

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Lipschitz property of harmonic mappings with respect to the pseudo-hyperbolic metric

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Huang, Jie Rasila, Antti Zhu, Jian-Feng School of Mathematical Sciences Huaqiao University Quanzhou362021 China Mathematics with Computer Science Program Guangdong Technion 241 Daxue Road Jinping District ShantouGuangdong515063 China Department of Mathematics Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa32000 Israel School of Mathematical Sciences Huaqiao University Quanzhou362021 China Department of Mathematics Shantou University ShantouGuangdong515063 China

In this paper, we show that harmonic Bloch mappings are Lipschitz continuous with respect to the pseudo-hyperbolic metric. This result improves the corresponding result of ([10, Theorem 1]). Furthermore, we prove the similar property for harmonic quasiregular Bloch-type *** Codes Primary: 30C62, 30H30, Secondary: 30C20, 31A05 Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Harmonic analysis

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Inside Cover: A Photo- and Thermo-Driven Azoarene-Based Circularly Polarized Luminescence Molecular Switch in a Liquid Crystal Host (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 48/2023)

引用

Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2023年第48期62卷

作者： Wenxin Kang Yuqi Tang Xianyu Meng Siyang Lin Xinfang Zhang Prof. Jinbao Guo Prof. Quan Li Key Laboratory of Carbon Fibers and Functional Polymers Ministry of Education and College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China Materials Science Graduate Program Kent State University Kent OH 44242 USA

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Enhancing the Harrow-Hassidim-Lloyd (HHL) algorithm in systems with large condition numbers

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Tsemo, Peniel Bertrand Jayashankar, Akshaya Sugisaki, K. Baskaran, Nishanth Chakraborty, Sayan Prasannaa, V.S. Centre for Quantum Engineering Research and Education TCG CREST Sector V Salt Lake Kolkata700091 India Graduate School of Science and Technology Keio University 7-1 Shinkawasaki Saiwai-ku Kanagawa Kawasaki212-0032 Japan Quantum Computing Center Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi Kohoku-ku Kanagawa Yokohama223-8522 Japan Keio University 2-15-45 Mita Minato-ku Tokyo108-8345 Japan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of British Columbia VancouverBCV6T 1Z4 Canada Institute for Advancing Intelligence TCG CREST Sector V Salt Lake Kolkata700091 India Ghaziabad201002 India

Although the Harrow-Hassidim-Lloyd (HHL) algorithm offers an exponential speedup in system size for treating linear equations of the form A→x =⃗b on quantum computers when compared to their traditional counterparts, it faces a challenge related to the condition number (κ) scaling of the A matrix. In this work, we address the issue by introducing the post-selection-improved HHL (Psi-HHL) approach that involves a simple yet effective modification of the HHL algorithm to extract a feature of |x〉, and which leads to achieving optimal behaviour in κ (linear scaling) for large condition number situations. This has the important practical implication of having to use substantially fewer shots relative to the traditional HHL algorithm. Additionally, we discuss the capability of Psi-HHL to address the cases where A is singular. We carry out two sets of simulations, where we go up to 26-qubit calculations, to demonstrate the ability of Psi-HHL to handle situations involving large κ matrices via: (a) a set of toy matrices, for which we go up to size 64 × 64 and κ values of up to ≈ 1 million, and (b) application to quantum chemistry, where we consider matrices up to size 256 × 256 that reach κ of about 393. The molecular systems that we consider are Li2, KH, RbH, and CsH. Although the feature of |x〉 considered in our examples is an overlap between the input and output states of the HHL algorithm, our approach is general and can be applied in principle to any transition matrix element involving |x〉. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Quantum computers

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