Water yield (WY) is a key provisioning ecosystem services that is sensitive to climate and land use changes. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of climate and land use changes on WY in the Tajan watershed, north...
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Water yield (WY) is a key provisioning ecosystem services that is sensitive to climate and land use changes. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of climate and land use changes on WY in the Tajan watershed, northern Iran, from 2022 to 2052. Additionally, it investigated the relationship of WY to slope, elevation, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) specifically in 2022. Land use change was simulated in the TerrSet v19 software using the Land Change Modeler, while climate change was projected based on the CMCC-CM model under RCP45 and RCP85 scenarios using the LARS-WG 6 software. Six scenarios were designed according to climate and land use to evaluate the WY in the InVEST 3.13 software. Statistical analysis was performed using the Getis-Ord (G*) statistic, bivariate local Moran's I (BLMI), and geographically weighted regression (GWR). The results revealed that WY had hotspots in the northern parts and cold spots in the central parts. The total WY volume ranged from 8.7 to 25.1 Mm3 y-1 based on all scenarios. It was clarified that land use change increased WY by 2-7%, while climate change decreased it by 47% and 65% under RCP45 and RCP85, respectively. The lowest WY was observed in the forest, while and the highest was in built-up areas. As indicated by the BLMI, the WY had a moderate spatial autocorrelation to elevation and slope, having Moran's I of - 0.53 and - 0.62, respectively. In contrast, its spatial autocorrelation with NDVI was weak with Moran's I of - 0.01. The GWR analysis revealed a significant spatial correlation of WY to elevation, slope, and NDVI, having R2 values of 0.94, 0.90, and 0.96, respectively. This study showed that climate change has a greater impact on the WY than land use change. Furthermore, WY distribution is influenced by topography and vegetation. Therefore, it is necessary to implement regional management plans through water conservation policies and dealing with climate and land use changes to conserve the water re
The utilization of renewable and cost-effective biomass for the production of activated carbon represents an innovative approach to environmental remediation. In this work, environmentally friendly carbon materials de...
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The utilization of renewable and cost-effective biomass for the production of activated carbon represents an innovative approach to environmental remediation. In this work, environmentally friendly carbon materials derived from cocopeat were employed to create a cocopeat-based magnetic activated carbon (CPAC-Fe3O4) nanocomposite for the removal of mercury from aqueous solutions. The CPAC-Fe3O4 nanocomposite underwent comprehensive characterization using SEM, FTIR, BET, XRD, and VSM analyses. The optimization process revealed a maximum adsorption capacity of 204.08 mg/g under specific conditions: initial Hg concentration of 20 mg/L, pH of 6, temperature of 25 degrees C, and adsorbent dose of 0.01 g within 60 min. Isotherm and kinetic modeling exhibited strong agreement with the Freundlich isotherm (0.9749) and pseudo-second-order (0.9997) kinetic models, indicating a favorable chemisorption process. Furthermore, thermodynamic analysis suggested that the adsorption process is endothermic and spontaneous. The adsorption mechanism was elucidated based on FTIR analysis. The results highlight the CPAC-Fe3O4 nanocomposite as a promising and sustainable candidate for effective water purification.
In this study, we investigated accurate quantitative analysis of trace elements (Cr, Fe Co, Cu, Zn, Br, and Pb) in microplastics using a transportable x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer. The correction of XRF inten...
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In this study, we investigated accurate quantitative analysis of trace elements (Cr, Fe Co, Cu, Zn, Br, and Pb) in microplastics using a transportable x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer. The correction of XRF intensity of analyte elements was performed by the proposed correction equations and using the prepared polyester calibration standards for the correction of the sample thickness and sample size. The proposed correction method was effective for microplastic samples, but the analytical errors were larger for microplastic samples of 2 mm in diameter. The effect of the matrix effects due to sample composition was investigated by analyzing polyethylene certified reference material (CRM). The quantitative values of analytes were in general agreement with the certified values of the CRMs. The proposed method was actually applied to 94 microplastic samples collected at Japanese beach sands, and quantitative values for the analyte elements were obtained from 49 microplastic samples. Analytical results for Cr, Pb, and Br, which are designated as hazardous substances by the RoHS Directive, were obtained from 20 samples for Cr, 9 samples for Pb, and 2 samples for Br, respectively. The respective correlations between the concentrations of the analyte elements suggest that the origin of Cr and Pb in the microplastic samples is inorganic pigments (PbCr2O7: chrome yellow, or (Zn,Fe)(Fe,Cr)2O4): brown 33) or anticorrosive paints (ZnCrO4).
Different types of biomasses are utilised for biochar production, but agricultural solid wastes remain a viable feedstock because of its availability and lower cost. This study investigated the possibility of producin...
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Different types of biomasses are utilised for biochar production, but agricultural solid wastes remain a viable feedstock because of its availability and lower cost. This study investigated the possibility of producing biochar from red bell pepper wastes (RBPW) using slow carbonisation (300 and 400 degrees C) without chemical modification and characterising the produced biochar in an endeavour to elucidate on its potential use for environmental remediation. Proximate analysis, physical and chemical properties of the biomass and biochars were investigated using standard methods and analytical instruments. The yields of biochars from RBPW were found to be 25.8 and 23.5%, respectively, for biochar produced at carbonisation temperatures of 300 and 400 degrees C. Elemental analysis showed the presence of elements with concentration patterns that followed the order Fe > Na > Ca > K > Mg > Mn > Zn in the biomass and biochars though the biochars had higher concentrations than the biomass. The specific surface areas and pore volumes of both biomass and biochars were found to be low (< 0.706 and 0.0280 cm(2)/g, respectively) as per the BET results. FTIR results showed the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of both biomass and biochars. The surface of biomass had more acidic sites as opposed to biochars which had more basic sites. RBPW has shown typically acceptable chemical, physical and thermal properties for the production of biochar. Further studies are required to understand whether chemical activation would improve their surface properties and the conditions under which they can be used. [GRAPHICS] .
This study analyses the spatial distribution of hydrogen demand for industry feedstock, high-temperature process heat, heavy-duty goods transport, shipping and aviation in Switzerland and then cost-optimizes coupled e...
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This study analyses the spatial distribution of hydrogen demand for industry feedstock, high-temperature process heat, heavy-duty goods transport, shipping and aviation in Switzerland and then cost-optimizes coupled electricity and hydrogen systems at a high spatial and temporal resolution in 2035 and 2050. Three scenarios of how hydrogen markets could develop are considered: Hydrogen economy, Hydrogen as a niche, and Midway. The results show that hydrogen in Switzerland can be fully provided from renewable electricity, best in regions with hydropower or wind power and near hydrogen demand sites. Hydrogen has only marginal potential though for reconversion as electricity storage or for replacing natural gas in combustion plants. As hydrogen storage in compressed tanks is not cost-effective in Switzerland, intermediate storage in hydrogen transport trucks as well as hydrogen export to neighbouring countries with underground storage are favourable. Under conservative assumptions of hydrogen import costs, Switzerland could be a competitive hydrogen exporter.
With the rise in population growth, urbanization boundaries are expanding, leading to increased habitat fragmentation and a decline in genetic diversity among species within protected areas located near urban centers....
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With the rise in population growth, urbanization boundaries are expanding, leading to increased habitat fragmentation and a decline in genetic diversity among species within protected areas located near urban centers. This study investigates the simulation and prediction of urban sprawl and land use/land cover (LULC) changes in eastern Tehran, as well as the management of their impact on the neighboring Jajrood Protected Area. We developed LULC maps for the years 1986 and 2016 by applying neural network classification to Landsat imagery. To forecast urban growth and LULC changes, we utilized the SLEUTH model. Three different scenarios including Historical Urban Growth (HUG), Managed Urban Growth (MUG), and environmental Urban Growth (EUG) were defined to predict urban growth through 2046 by by adjusting the calibrated SLEUTH coefficients, including Diffusion, Breed, Spread, Slope Resistance, and Road Gravity. The east of Tehran city is affected by many coefficients such as the slope resistance, road gravity and spread coefficients. Results show the most important coefficients in this research according to HUG, MUG, and EUG scenarios are the road gravity coefficient, the spread coefficient, and the slope coefficient. In the HUG scenario, the predominant land uses will include roads, water bodies, and urban green spaces. Conversely, in the MUG and EUG scenarios, the largest areas will be allocated to agricultural land, forests, and semi-compact pasturelands.
Backgrounds and aimsFungi produce an extensive variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that play crucial roles in promoting plant growth and suppressing soil-borne fungal pathogens;however, our knowledge in this ...
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Backgrounds and aimsFungi produce an extensive variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that play crucial roles in promoting plant growth and suppressing soil-borne fungal pathogens;however, our knowledge in this area is still *** this study, we aimed to isolate novel fungal strains from green manure-incorporated soils by serial dilution plating on Martin agar plates and to analyse the functions of VOCs produced by them. We examined whether VOCs emitted by the novel fungal strains affect the growth and development of Lactuca sativa and mediate antifungal activity against Fusarium *** vitro study, the fungal strains released a variety of volatile compounds. Four strains (H1 Penicillium spp., H2 Clonostachys spp., H19 Didymella spp., H21 Talaromyces spp.) from leguminous and four strains (B3 Purpureocillium spp., B4 Stachybotrys spp., B8 Trichoderma spp., and B13 Aspergillus spp.) from non-leguminous green manure-incorporated soils showed plant growth-promoting ability in terms of fresh shoot biomass and the number of roots by releasing VOCs in the shared atmosphere. Exposure to VOCs emitted by only B7 (Mucor circinelloides) suppressed the growth of F. oxysporum compared to that from exposure to the remaining strains and the control. A two-compartment plate assay was conducted to screen plant growth-promoting and suppression of plant pathogenic fungus by fungal strains based on VOC emission. Furthermore, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the fungal strains released 12 volatile compounds, including 1-butanol, 2-pentanone, and *** fungal strains isolated from different green manures emitted several different VOCs that stimulated plant growth and inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungus.
Constructed wetlands (CWs) integrated with microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are effective for treating low carbon-tonitrogen (C/N) ratio wastewater, though nitrogen removal efficiency is constrained. This study investigate...
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Constructed wetlands (CWs) integrated with microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are effective for treating low carbon-tonitrogen (C/N) ratio wastewater, though nitrogen removal efficiency is constrained. This study investigated the effects of sulfur (S0) and MFC on low C/N wastewater treatment using various nitrogen sources (Org-N: urea, AmN: NH4+-N, and Ni-N: NO3 --N) alongside evaluating plant growth in CWs. Results showed that S0 significantly boosted bioelectricity production in MFC-CWs, with voltage and power density increasing by 37.3-43.1 % and 145.3-362.3 %, respectively, under Am-N treatment compared to other N treatments. Meanwhile, MFC enhanced plant photosynthesis and antioxidant activities in S0-based CWs. S0 and MFC also had significant impacts on total phosphorus (TP), particularly in Ni-N treatment. Meanwhile, the N cycling in CWs was influenced by the types of N sources. In the Ni-N treatment, the NH4+-N concentration decreased by 31.6-49.5 % in the S0-based CWs and by 63.5-73.1 % in the MFC-CWs compared to the controls. Additionally, S0 enhanced N removal and stabilized the MFC-CWs by facilitating autotrophic denitrification, reducing NO2--N concentration by 11.7 %-68.2 % in the Ni-N treatment. This study highlights the significant role of S0 and MFC in enhancing low C/N wastewater treatment efficiency in CWs.
Continuous monitoring and control of drinking water sources in cities and villages play a crucial role in ensuring health and hygiene. This research focuses on analyzing the quality and determining the underground wat...
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Continuous monitoring and control of drinking water sources in cities and villages play a crucial role in ensuring health and hygiene. This research focuses on analyzing the quality and determining the underground water indicators of selected villages in Taleghan city. Water samples from six wells in the Taleghan region were collected and analyzed in the laboratory to check their physicochemical parameters. The zoning maps of the area for selected parameters, including electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, total hardness (TH), turbidity, and water temperature were analyzed using geographic information system (GIS). The water quality at wells in the villages of Navizak, Hashan, Jazan, Fashandak, Khasban, and Hashiran was ranked from best to least. The results indicated that the water hardness level in this area is not favorable, and the turbidity in the Fashandak and Khasban water wells exceeds optimal levels compared to their indices. There is a significant difference between these parameters and the standards, suggesting that corrective measures should be taken to improve the water quality in these wells. The purpose is to identify wells that have poor water quality and provide practical solutions to the country's water resources management department in order to achieve sustainable water resources or improve water supply for drinking purposes.
The traditional site environmental investigation and pollution identification mainly relies on manual filling of paper forms and experience-weighted scoring, which have limitations in terms of timeliness, standardizat...
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The traditional site environmental investigation and pollution identification mainly relies on manual filling of paper forms and experience-weighted scoring, which have limitations in terms of timeliness, standardization, and accuracy. To rapidly identify multiple pollution types in potential contaminated sites, the mobile application and multi-gate mixture-of-experts (MMoE) were used to design a web service framework for site investigation and pollution identification (WEB-SIPI). This technological framework improved the efficiency and standardization of site environmental investigations, and reduced the management costs associated with models. A prototype system was developed that achieves user, site, and model managements. Finally, a case study was conducted to verify the framework's feasibility and capability. We utilized 199 site datasets from key industries and 12 pollution identification indexes to train and deploy the MMoE model on WEB-SIPI system. The accuracies of soil heavy metals and organic pollution identifications were 70.0% and 82.5%, that of groundwater pollutions were 67.5% and 85.0%, respectively. The driving factors of different pollution types on site can be identified based on their Shapley values. This study provides a reference for the development of intelligent systems aimed at site pollution identification, as well as decision making related to soil and groundwater pollution prevention.
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