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arXiv 2025年

作者： Xu, Ningyu Zhang, Qi Du, Chao Luo, Qiang Qiu, Xipeng Huang, Xuanjing Zhang, Menghan School of Computer Science Fudan University Shanghai China Institute of Modern Languages and Linguistics Fudan University Shanghai China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Shanghai China Research Institute of Intelligent Complex Systems Fudan University Shanghai China Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Intelligent Visual Computing Shanghai China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology Fudan University Shanghai China

People acquire concepts through rich physical and social experiences and use them to understand the world. In contrast, large language models (LLMs), trained exclusively through next-token prediction over language data, exhibit remarkably human-like behaviors. Are these models developing concepts akin to humans, and if so, how are such concepts represented and organized? To address these questions, we reframed the classic reverse dictionary task to simulate human concept inference in context and investigated the emergence of human-like conceptual representations within LLMs. Our results demonstrate that LLMs can flexibly derive concepts from linguistic descriptions in relation to contextual cues about other concepts. The derived representations converged towards a shared, context-independent structure that effectively predicted human behavior across key psychological phenomena, including computation of similarities, categories and semantic scales. Moreover, these representations aligned well with neural activity patterns in the human brain, even in response to visual rather than linguistic stimuli, providing evidence for biological plausibility. These findings establish that structured, human-like conceptual representations can naturally emerge from language prediction without real-world grounding. More broadly, our work positions LLMs as promising computational tools for understanding complex human cognition and paves the way for better alignment between artificial and human intelligence. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantics

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A Fine-Grained Anomaly Detection Method Fusing Isolation Forest and Knowledge Graph Reasoning 19th

A Fine-Grained Anomaly Detection Method Fusing Isolation For...

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19th International Conference on Web information Systems and Applications, WISA 2022

作者： Xu, Jie Zhou, Jiantao College of Computer Science Engineering Research Center of Ecological Big Data Ministry of Education National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Mongolian Intelligent Information Processing Technology Inner Mongolia Cloud Computing and Service Software Engineering Laboratory Inner Mongolia Social Computing and Data Processing Key Laboratory Inner Mongolia Discipline Inspection and Supervision Big Data Key Laboratory Inner Mongolia Big Data Analysis Technology Engineering Laboratory Inner Mongolia University Hohhot China

ISBN: (纸本)9783031203084

Anomaly detection aims to find outliers data that do not conform to expected behaviors in a specific scenario, which is indispensable and critical in current safety environments related studies. However, when performing outlier detection on a large-scale multidimensional dataset, most of the traditional methods make no distinctions between classes of outliers and lack the reasoning ability and the explainability of the analysis results, which leads to the low accuracy of global outlier detection and the inability to effectively identify local outliers. In this paper, we propose a fine-grained anomaly detection method which well utilizes isolation forest and knowledge graph reasoning tactics. First, a better extracting data feature method and a more reasonable weighted strategy are used to find global outliers based on the traditional isolation forest algorithm, and then we construct a custom rule base according to the in-depth research and analysis of global abnormal data, and at last the ontology knowledge is reasoned based on such rule base to achieve the detection of local outliers. Through analysis of extensive experiment results, our method could effectively discover more abnormal data without big loss of time costs, has strong generalization, and correspondingly improves the performance for abnormal detection. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Anomaly detection

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Design and Implementation of Telemedicine System Using Light Fidelity and PIC16F877A Microcontroller

Design and Implementation of Telemedicine System Using Light...

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International Conference on information science and Technology (ICIST)

作者： M.R. Ezilarasan Man-Fai Leung Xiangguang Dai Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Instituteof Science and Technology Chennai India Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Computing and Information Science Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge United Kingdom Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Control of Chongqing Municipal Institutions of Higher Education Chongqing Three Gorges University Wanzhou Chongqing China

ISBN: (数字)9798350353334

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353341

Medical Body Area Networks (MBANs) increasingly utilize wireless communication technologies to enhance the freedom and convenience for patients and caregivers. Currently, radio frequency (RF) is the prevalent medium in healthcare applications; however, the potential for electromagnetic interference with precision medical equipment remains a concern. This study introduces a novel design and implementation of a medical healthcare information system using the newly developed Wireless Visible Light Communication (VLC) technology, also known as Light Fidelity (Li-Fi). Visible Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), expected to soon surpass traditional incandescent and fluorescent bulbs as the primary light source due to their energy efficiency, facilitate this technology. In this research, patient health is monitored using sensors, with results displayed on an LCD. An LED lightbulb transmits the data as light signals, which are captured by a photo-detector at the receiver's end. This setup not only displays the output on an LCD but also alerts caregivers through an auditory signal, beeping every 15 seconds for respiration and every 30 seconds for heart rate monitoring. Moreover, these lighting fixtures serve dual functions: illumination and wireless data transmission, using the rapid switching capability of LEDs. This prototype VLC-based system offers a promising alternative for data services and monitoring in hospital areas where RF use is restricted.

关键词： Wireless communication Radio frequency Wireless sensor networks Lighting Light emitting diodes Light fidelity Liquid crystal displays Communication system security Monitoring Visible light communication

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Fine-Grained Spatial-Temporal Framework for Engagement Prediction 2nd

Fine-Grained Spatial-Temporal Framework for Engagement Pred...

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2nd CSIG Conference on Emotional Intelligence, CEI 2024

作者： Wang, Shanshan Zheng, Yong Wang, Keyang Zhang, Xingyi The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing Ministry of Education Beijing China Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University Anhui China Zhejiang Dahua Technology Co. Ltd. Zhejiang China School of Computer Science and Technology Anhui University Anhui China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819650835

The engagement prediction task aims to identify the current level of involvement of individuals based on the information presented in video clips. In recent years, engagement prediction has attracted considerable attention due to its significance in real-life scenarios. We observed that an individual’s engagement status is often primarily manifested in the facial region. This observation prompted us to solve the engagement prediction problem by exploiting facial information to learn features related to engagement. In this paper, we propose a novel model for learning fine-grained features, called Fine-Grained Spatial-Temporal Framework (FGST). Specifically, we consider both spatial and temporal aspects. In the spatial domain, we propose an entropy-weighted method based on Fourier transform. By applying Fourier transform to video frames and introducing the concept of information entropy, we can segregate engagement-related information from engagement-unrelated information and mining difficult samples. This aids in enabling the model to learn features conducive to engagement prediction. In the temporal domain, we calculate the differences between adjacent frames and sum these differences to obtain regions of pixel variation between video frames, thereby generates saliency weight and improving model performance. Experiments on several public datasets demonstrate the proposed model can outperform the state-of-the-art methods. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Fourier transforms

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Distortion-Disentangled Contrastive Learning

Distortion-Disentangled Contrastive Learning

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IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV)

作者： Jinfeng Wang Sifan Song Jionglong Su S. Kevin Zhou School of AIAC Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University Suzhou China School of BME & Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research Center for Medical Imaging Robotics Analytic Computing & Learning (MIRACLE) University of Science and Technology of China Suzhou China Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Institute of Computing Technology CAS Beijing China

Self-supervised learning is well known for its remarkable performance in representation learning and various downstream computer vision tasks. Recently, Positive-pair-Only Contrastive Learning (POCL) has achieved reliable performance without the need to construct positive-negative training sets. It reduces memory requirements by lessening the dependency on the batch size. The POCL method typically uses a single objective function to extract the distortion invariant representation (DIR) which describes the proximity of positive-pair representations affected by different distortions. This objective function implicitly enables the model to filter out or ignore the distortion variant representation (DVR) affected by different distortions. However, some recent studies have shown that proper use of DVR in contrastive can optimize the performance of models in some downstream domain-specific tasks. In addition, these POCL methods have been observed to be sensitive to augmentation strategies. To address these limitations, we propose a novel POCL framework named Distortion-Disentangled Contrastive Learning (DDCL) and a Distortion-Disentangled Loss (DDL). Our approach is the first to explicitly and adaptively disentangle and exploit the DVR inside the model and feature stream to improve the representation utilization efficiency, robustness and representation ability. Experiments demonstrate our framework’s superiority to Barlow Twins and Simsiam in terms of convergence, representation quality (including transferability and generalization), and robustness on several datasets.

关键词：

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Structure-constrain Source Free Domain Adaptation with Regularized Knowledge Distillation of Source Model

Structure-constrain Source Free Domain Adaptation with Regul...

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Data Driven Control and Learning Systems (DDCLS)

作者： Dan Yang Xin Peng Cheng Su Dayu Tan Chaoyang Chen Weimin Zhong Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process Ministry of Education East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing Ministry of Education Anhui University Hefei Anhui China School of Information and Electrical Engineering Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan China

ISBN: (数字)9798350361674

ISBN: (纸本)9798350361681

Transfer learning aims to leverage the knowledge of the source domain to help the learning of unlabeled target domain models. However, all conventional transfer learning methods assume that samples from source and target domains are always freely accessible. However, this assumption is rarely plausible in real-world due to data privacy. To combat this challenge, we introduce Structure-constrain Source Free Domain Adaptation with regularized Knowledge Distillation of source model (SSFDA-KD). Our method is based on the observations that a deterministic classification result can be obtained when the target data distribution aligns with the source data distribution, and a well-trained model not only yields a deterministic classification for a sample but also has clear category boundaries, which implies samples that are close together belong to the same category. From those, we first generate the source model with labeled source data, which is regarded as a well-trained model. Then, we identify target prototypes with lower self-entropy and assign the pseudo-labels to other samples according to the neighborhood structure. Finally, we refine the target model by minimizing prediction loss, constraining internal structure via triplet loss, and reducing knowledge distillation loss. Experiments of fault diagnosis based on WWTPs are conducted to validate its effectiveness.

关键词： Fault diagnosis Learning systems Adaptation models Data privacy Transfer learning Prototypes Predictive models

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OPTIMAL L∞(L2) AND L1(L2) A POSTERIORI ERROR ESTIMATES FOR THE FULLY DISCRETE APPROXIMATIONS OF TIME FRACTIONAL PARABOLIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Cao, Jiliang Wang, Wansheng Xiao, Aiguo Department of Mathematics Shanghai Normal University Shanghai200234 China Hunan Key Laboratory for Computation and Simulation in Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Information Processing of Ministry of Education Xiangtan University Hunan Xiangtan411105 China

We derive optimal order a posteriori error estimates in the L∞(L2) and L1(L2)-norms for the fully discrete approximations of time fractional parabolic differential equations. For the discretization in time, we use the L1 methods, while for the spatial discretization, we use standard conforming finite element methods. The linear and quadratic space-time reconstructions are introduced, which are generalizations of the elliptic space reconstruction. Then the related a posteriori error estimates for the linear and quadratic space-time reconstructions play key roles in deriving global and pointwise final error estimates. Numerical experiments verify and complement our theoretical results. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Finite element method

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TRAIL: Trust-Aware Client Scheduling for Semi-Decentralized Federated Learning

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Hu, Gangqiang Lu, Jianfeng Han, Jianmin Cao, Shuqin Liu, Jing Fu, Hao School of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang Normal University China School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan University of Science and Technology China Key Laboratory of Social Computing and Cognitive Intelligence Dalian University of Technology Ministry of Education China Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Real-time Industrial System Wuhan Universityof Science and Technology China

Due to the sensitivity of data, Federated Learning (FL) is employed to enable distributed machine learning while safeguarding data privacy and accommodating the requirements of various devices. However, in the context of semidecentralized FL, clients' communication and training states are dynamic. This variability arises from local training fluctuations, heterogeneous data distributions, and intermittent client participation. Most existing studies primarily focus on stable client states, neglecting the dynamic challenges inherent in real-world scenarios. To tackle this issue, we propose a TRust-Aware clIent scheduLing mechanism called TRAIL, which assesses client states and contributions, enhancing model training efficiency through selective client participation. We focus on a semi-decentralized FL framework where edge servers and clients train a shared global model using unreliable intra-cluster model aggregation and inter-cluster model consensus. First, we propose an adaptive hidden semi- Markov model to estimate clients' communication states and contributions. Next, we address a client-server association optimization problem to minimize global training loss. Using convergence analysis, we propose a greedy client scheduling algorithm. Finally, our experiments conducted on real-world datasets demonstrate that TRAIL outperforms state-of-the-art baselines, achieving an improvement of 8.7% in test accuracy and a reduction of 15.3% in training loss. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Federated learning

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Enhancing Sample Utilization in Noise-robust Deep Metric Learning with Subgroup-based Positive-pair Selection

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Yu, Zhipeng Xu, Qianqian Jiang, Yangbangyan Sun, Yingfei Huang, Qingming The School of Electronic Electrical and Communication Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China The School of Computer Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing101408 China

The existence of noisy labels in real-world data negatively impacts the performance of deep learning models. Although much research effort has been devoted to improving the robustness towards noisy labels in classification tasks, the problem of noisy labels in deep metric learning (DML) remains under-explored. Existing noisy label learning methods designed for DML mainly discard suspicious noisy samples, resulting in a waste of the training data. To address this issue, we propose a noise-robust DML framework with SubGroup-based Positive-pair Selection (SGPS), which constructs reliable positive pairs for noisy samples to enhance the sample utilization. Specifically, SGPS first effectively identifies clean and noisy samples by a probability-based clean sample selectionstrategy. To further utilize the remaining noisy samples, we discover their potential similar samples based on the subgroup information given by a subgroup generation module and then aggregate them into informative positive prototypes for each noisy sample via a positive prototype generation module. Afterward, a new contrastive loss is tailored for the noisy samples with their selected positive pairs. SGPS can be easily integrated into the training process of existing pair-wise DML tasks, like image retrieval and face recognition. Extensive experiments on multiple synthetic and real-world large-scale label noise datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method. Without any bells and whistles, our SGPS framework outperforms the state-of-the-art noisy label DML methods. Code is available at https://***/smuelpeng/SGPS-NoiseFreeDML. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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A Distributed Storage Middleware Based on HBase and Redis 15th

A Distributed Storage Middleware Based on HBase and Redis

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15th CCF Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social computing, Chinese CSCW 2020

作者： Xu, Lingling Chen, Yuzhong Guo, Kun College of Mathematics and Computer Science Fuzhou University Fuzhou350108 China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing Fuzhou China Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining and Information Sharing Ministry of Education Fuzhou350108 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789811625398

In the era of big data, traditional relational databases face challenges in massive data storage. HBase is a non-relational database based on column storage which is used widely for big data storage. The writing performance of HBase is high, but the unbalanced load caused by its uneven data storage strategy is the bottleneck of its reading performance. HBase needs to access disks to get query results. Therefore, the efficiency of disk access has a great impact on the query performance of HBase. In view of the above problems, this paper proposes a storage middleware which utilizes HBase for load balancing and Redis for memory caching. Specifically, we improve HBase’s original load balancing algorithm for Regions and RegionServers and customize a Redis cache eviction algorithm according to the data’s query and update frequency. Furthermore, the coprocessor of HBase is used to synchronize data between HBase and Redis. Experiments on synthetic datasets show that the proposed storage middleware achieves better writing and reading performance than HBase. The load balancing algorithm employed in the middleware is better than HBase's original algorithm. The hit rate of the customized cache eviction algorithm is also higher than that of the LRU algorithm. © 2021, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Cache memory

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