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10th Asia-Pacific Conference on Combustion, ASPACC 2015

作者： Lim, S.J. Kim, M.K. Park, J. Fujita, O. Chung, S.H. Interdisciplinary Program of Biomechanical Engineering Pukyong National University Busan Korea Republic of Environmental and Energy System Research Division Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials Daejeon Korea Republic of Department of Mechanical Engineering Pukyong National University Busan Korea Republic of Division of Mechanical and Science Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan Clean Combustion Research Center King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia

The effect of applied electric fields on the spreading flame over slanted Polyethylene (PE) insulated electrical wire was investigated experimentally by varying the AC frequency and voltage. The result showed that the spread rate of downwardly spreading flame decreased in increase of voltage and frequency, while that of upward flame spread rate exhibited complicated behavior with applied voltage and frequency. Downwardly spreading flame size became smaller in increase of applied voltage and frequency, while the flame leaned toward burnt side. When the flame spread upwardly, the flame size experienced large variation with applied voltage and frequency. Such flames leaned toward unburned side. Based on flame shape and the slanted direction of flame, the flame spread rate could be explained by thermal balance mechanism.

关键词： Electric fields

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WPA MKII: An innovative pump package for the international space station 66

WPA MKII: An innovative pump package for the international s...

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66th International Astronautical Congress 2015: Space - The Gateway for Mankind's Future, IAC 2015

作者： Di Francescantonio, N. Gargioli, E. Freddi, M. Falcetti, G. Pastor, S. Persson, J. Frerker, H. Szigetvari, Z. Schwientek, A. Thales Alenia Space Turin Italy European Space Agency Noordwijk Netherlands Airbus DS Bremen Germany DESI Engineering WPA Mk II System Engineering Manager Germany Head System Architectures and Verification DESI Engineering Germany Project Leader -Scientific equipment Germany Head of Science Unit France ISS Program and Exploration Department Head of ISS System Development Unit United States Mechanical Engineering Department Thermal Control Section United States IOT/COLUMBUS System Engineering and P/L integration United States TCS/ECLS Subsystem Manager France WPA Mk II Delivery Manager France

ISBN: (纸本)9781510818934

WPA Mk II Project started in 2011 in response to the ESA spare procurement philosophy for ISS life extension up to 2020 (and possibly beyond 2020). The project involves TASI as responsible for the design, development, manufacturing, integration and testing of this new water pump package for the ISS Columbus module. This pump package is responsible for the circulation of water inside Columbus pipelines to ensure proper thermal control not only for the Payloads (PL's), but also for the cabin where astronauts work and live, and consequently represents the core of the Thermal Control system in Columbus. WPA Mk II is characterized by several innovations in comparison with the current WPA Mk I installed in Columbus, like new functionalities (on board SW uploading capability), or new technologies (ultrasonic flow meter), up to a high level modular design (characterized by several ORUs, on Orbit Removable Units, conceived to optimize R&R operations and associated time and costs). A successful Critical Design Review has been achieved in July 2014, in Turin, with the support of the European Space Agency and Airbus. Now TASI is approaching MAIT phase: in the 2015 there will be the integration and testing of the various ORUs while the 2016 will be characterized by the integration and testing of the two pump packages WPA Mk II to demonstrate system compliance to the launchers and Columbus environmental and functional requirements. The present article provides an overview of the Project, the main features, the mission scenarios, and a general overview about the associated Qualification plan at Component, ORUs and Assy level. Copyright © 2015 by the American Institute Federation of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Integration testing

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Improvement of transmittance by fabricating broadband subwavelength anti-reflection structures for polycarbonate

Improvement of transmittance by fabricating broadband subwav...

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作者： Jang, H.S. Kim, J.H. Kim, K.S. Jung, G.Y. Lee, J.J. Kim, G.H. Division of Nano and Bio Technology Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology Dalseo-gu Daegu 704-230 Korea Republic of Department of Material Science and Engineering Program for Integrated Molecular System Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Gwangju 500-712 Korea Republic of Nano-Mechanical Systems Research Division Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials Daejeon 305-343 Korea Republic of

We report on how to increase transmittance of a 0.2 mm thick polycarbonate (PC) film by periodic subwavelength anti-reflection structures in the visible spectral range. Subwavelength anti-reflection structures like moth-eyes are fabricated into the polycarbonate substrate itself by thermal nanoimprinting lithography (TH-NIL), which uses silicon stamps that have periodic structures such as gratings (lines and spaces) and pillared dots, and are fabricated by laser interference lithography (LIL) and transformer coupled plasma etching. To increase transmittance of a polycarbonate film, we control the periods and shapes of patterns, the number of patterned surfaces, and the overlapping direction of patterns that are fabricated into its surfaces. As a result of this, we show that average transmittance improves as the pattern period gets shorter and as both surfaces of the film are patterned. We also show that the spectrum range gets larger as the pattern period gets shorter and is determined by the longer pattern period in the case of designing a film to have different pattern period on its surfaces. The maximum average transmittance of a polycarbonate film increases up to approximately 6% compared to a bare sample in the 470-800 nm spectral range. Copyright © 2011 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved.

关键词： Polycarbonates

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An ergonomic study for 6s workplace improvement

An ergonomic study for 6s workplace improvement

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IIE Annual Conference and Expo 2014

作者： Aqlan, Faisal Lam, Sarah S. Ramakrishnan, Sreekanth Testani, Michael Industrial and System Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Civil and Environmental Engineering University of New Haven West HavenCT06516 United States Department of Systems Science and Industrial Engineering State University of New York at Binghamton BinghamtonNY13902 United States IBM Corporation WalthamMA02451 United States IBM Corporation EndicottNY13760 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780983762430

This paper presents a workplace ergonomic study in a high-end server manufacturing environment to assess ergonomics risks and enhance the Lean transformation. Operators perform heavy and repetitive lifting and movement of products could place stress on their back and upper extremities. Forceful exertions to move a manual forklift in the workplace area could lead to fatigue and possible damage to muscles and other tissues. The objective of this study is to reduce ergonomics risks to an acceptable level and provide operators with the right tools and proper work environment. Digital human modeling based on the Jack software, is used for risk assessment. Results are analyzed to provide proper solutions. Ergonomic risks assessed include: force and posture risks, noise, vibration, temperature, and illumination. Lean process is implemented in the workplace to reduce the Lean wastes that include waiting time, transportation, and non-value-add processes. Ergonomic improvements are introduced to complement and support the Lean process implementation. Three main ergonomic risks are found to be high and could affect the operators: energy expenditure, posture, and back force. Several modifications are implemented to reduce these risks: the manual forklift is replaced with an automated forklift that is easy to move and requires less human effort, the workplace area is expanded to provide more work space, and the operators are provided with proper tools to perform the task without risk.

关键词： Manufacture

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Integrating lean and ergonomics to improve internal transportation in a manufacturing environment

Integrating lean and ergonomics to improve internal transpor...

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IIE Annual Conference and Expo 2014

作者： Aqlan, Faisal Lam, Sarah S. Ramakrishnan, Sreekanth Boldrin, Warren Industrial and System Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Civil and Environmental Engineering University of New Haven West HavenCT06516 United States Department Systems Science and Industrial Engineering State University of New York at Binghamton BinghamtonNY13902 United States IBM Corporation WalthamMA02451 United States IBM Corporation PoughkeepsieNY12601 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780983762430

This paper presents a study that integrates lean manufacturing and ergonomic principles to redesign and improve the internal transportation process in a high-end server manufacturing environment. Transportation of electronic parts within the factories is an important issue. The current transportation carts present quality hazards to electronic parts and they were not designed to handle the right dimensions and quantities of the newly introduced products. Furthermore, the current flow of carts introduces waiting time for the carts in the assembly areas. Inefficient transportation not only increases the waiting times but also the transportation costs. The objective of this study is to improve the transportation process and redesign transportation carts that are currently used to transport parts between different areas in a high-end server manufacturing environment utilizing lean and ergonomic principles. A new lean-based flow of transportation carts is proposed to reduce the waiting time and transported distance by having separate carts for each area. The new design of the carts represents a Poke-Yoke that prevents the operators from stacking the cards. Ergonomic principles are also considered in the new design. The number of carts required is estimated based on historical demand, outcomes from containment actions, current processes, and inputs from the production-planning department. The new lean-based flow and design of carts have resulted in cost savings and cost avoidance.

关键词： Lean production

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Three dimensional attitude estimation via the triad algorithm and a time-varying complementary filter

ASME 2012 5th Annual Dynamic Systems and Control Conference ...

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ASME 2012 5th Annual Dynamic systems and Control Conference Joint with the JSME 2012 11th Motion and Vibration Conference, DSCC 2012-MOVIC 2012 2012年 1卷 157-165页

作者： Wang, Yizhou Chang-Siu, Evan Brown, Matthew Tomizuka, Masayoshi Almajed, Mohammed I. Alsuwaidan, Badr N. Mechanical System Control Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California Berkeley CA 94720-1740 United States National Satellite Technology Program King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology Riyadh 11555 Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9780791845295

An innovative implementation of attitude estimation in 3 degrees of freedom (3-DOF) combining the TRIAD algorithm [1] and a time-varying nonlinear complementary filter (TVCF) is derived. This work is inspired by the good performance of the TVCF in 1-DOF [2] developed for applications limited to small mobile platforms with low computational power. To demonstrate robust 3-DOF estimation, information from vector and rate-gyroscope measurements are fused. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate comparable performance to the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and improved performance over alternative methods such as sole gyroscope rate-integration and the TRIAD algorithm without the TVCF as a pre-filter. Copyright © 2012 by ASME.

关键词： Gyroscopes

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Coarse-grained modeling and simulation of actin filament behavior based on Brownian dynamics method

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MCB Molecular and Cellular Biomechanics 2009年第3期6卷 161-173页

作者： Shimada, Yoshitaka Adachi, Taiji Inoue, Yasuhiro Hojo, Masaki Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science Kyoto University Yoshida-Honmachi Sakyo Kyoto 606-8501 Japan Computational Cell Biomechanics Team VCAD System Research Program RIKEN Japan

The actin filament, which is the most abundant component of the cytoskeleton, plays important roles in fundamental cellular activities such as shape determination, cell motility, and mechanosensing. In each activity, the actin filament dynamically changes its structure by polymerization, depolymerization, and severing. These phenomena occur on the scales ranging from the dynamics of actin molecules to filament structural changes with its deformation due to the various forces, for example, by the membrane and solvent. To better understand the actin filament dynamics, it is important to focus on these scales and develop its mathematical model. Thus, the objectives of this study were to model and simulate actin filament polymerization, depolymerization, and severing based on the Brownian dynamics method. In the model, the actin monomers and the solvent were considered as globular particles and a continuum, respectively. The motion of the actin molecules was assumed to follow the Langevin equation. The polymerization, which increases the filament length, was determined by the distance between the center of the actin particle at the barbed end and actin particles in the solvent. The depolymerization, which decreases the filament length, was modeled such that the number of dissociation particles from the filament end per unit time was constant. In addition, the filament severing, in which one filament divides into two, was modeled to occur at an equal rate along the filament. Then, we simulated the actin filament dynamics using the developed model, and analyzed the filament elongation rate, its turnover, and the effects of filament severing on the polymerization and depolymerization. Results indicated that the model reproduced the linear dependence of the filament elongation on time, filament turnover process by polymerization and depolymerization, and acceleration of the polymerization and depolymerization by severing, which qualitatively agreed with those observed in ex

关键词： Coarse-grained modeling

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Thermal characterisation of high-aspect-ratio nanoheaters using IR thermography

Thermal characterisation of high-aspect-ratio nanoheaters us...

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作者： Lee, Jun Hyung Cho, Young Hak Jang, Dong-Young Hong, Seok Kwan Kang, Jeong Jin Department of Mechanical System Design Engineering Seoul National University of Science and Technology 232 Gongneung-ro Nowon-gu Seoul139-743 Korea Republic of Program Seoul National University of Science and Technology 232 Gongneung-ro Nowon-gu Seoul139-743 Korea Republic of 397 Seokcheon-ro Ojeong-gu Bucheon-si Gyeonggi-do Korea Republic of

Recently, micro/nanoheater have been used and studied in various fields such as sensors. In particular, they have become important in biology and medicine. In this paper, we propose a novel measurement method which can indirectly measure the temperature distribution of a nanoheater's surface from side temperature measurements using infrared microscopes. Two different types of nanoheaters are fabricated and their thermal behaviours are analysed and characterised. They are fabricated in a top-down approach using silicon-on-insulator wafers and basic MEMS processes. Nanoheaters with a high-aspect-ratio are fabricated: a width of 200 nm, length of 100 μm and height of 30 μm. The nanoheater's surface is doped with boron by ion implantation for joule heating. Their thermal profile depending on their heat sink type was investigated. In conclusions, it is expected that a nanoheater with exact temperature control and thermally efficient structural design can be applied for bio-molecule manipulation. Copyright © 2014 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Ion implantation

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3D scaffolds-specific cellular mechanoresponse as a pivotal regulating factor in tissue engineering

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JMST Advances 2024年第2期6卷 121-134页

作者： Ahn, Yejin Chang, Hyewon Baek, Jieung Department of Biological Sciences Pusan National University Busan Republic of Korea Division of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul Republic of Korea Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul Republic of Korea

In tissue engineering, the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) or scaffolds have increasingly been considered to impact therapeutic efficacy by regulating cell behaviors, including differentiation, proliferation, migration, and adhesion. However, the understanding of how cells sense, integrate, and convert the mechanical cues from the ECM cues into biochemical signals to control certain cell behaviors is still elusive, especially in 3D, which more closely mimics the natural microenvironment than 2D systems. This review highlights the key differences between 2 and 3D in the contexts of mechanoregulative cell behaviors such as cell adhesion, spreading, migration, and force transmission. Furthermore, critical designing factors that needs to be considered for the fabrication of 3D tissue engineering scaffolds is discussed: stiffness, viscoelasticity, degradability, and the immobilization of biomolecules. Although mechanotransduction in 3D is actively being studied, understanding cellular mechanotransduction in 3D and designing of mechanoregulative 3D scaffolds still presents several challenges, including varying mechanical properties depending on different tissues, dynamic mechanical environments, and integration of multimodal cues. Interdisciplinary methodologies encompassing material engineering, cell biology, and mechanical engineering would serve to mitigate these challenges and augment our understanding of mechanoregulation governing cellular behaviors, thus fostering advancements in biomedical applications in the future.

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Intelligent Control of a Mobile Robot for Service Use in Office Buildings and Its Soft Computing Algorithms

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Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 1996年第6期8卷 538-554页

作者： Tanaka, Takayuki Ohwi, Junji Litvintseva, Ludmila V. Yamafuji, Kazuo Ulyanov, Sergei V. Department of Mechanical and Control Engineering The University of Electro-Communications Chofu Tokyo182 Japan Artificial Intelligence Research Centre of Program System Institute Russian Academy of Science Botik Pereslavl-Zallesky 152140 Russia

The arrangement principles and design methodology on soft computing for complex control framework of AI control system are introduced. The basis of this methodology is computer simulation of dynamics for mechanical robotic system with the help of qualitative physics and search for possible solutions by genetic algorithms (GA). On fuzzy neural network (FNN) optimal solutions for navigation with avoidance of obstacles and technological operations as opening of door with a manipulator are obtained and knowledge base (KB) for fuzzy controller is formed. Fuzzy qualitative simulation, GA and hierarchical node map (HN), and FNN have demonstrated their effectiveness for path planning of a mobile robot for service use. New approach for direct human-robot communication with natural language and cognitive graphics is introduced. The results of fuzzy robot control simulation, monitoring, and experimental investigations are presented. © Fuji Technology Press Ltd.

关键词： Mobile robots

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