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mechanical therapeutic effects in osteoporotic L1-vertebrae evaluated by nonlinear patient-specific finite element analysis

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Journal of Biomechanical science and engineering 2010年第5期5卷 499-514页

作者： Tawara, Daisuke Sakamoto, Jiro Murakami, Hideki Kawahara, Norio Oda, Juhachi Tomita, Katsuro Department of Mechanical and Systems Engineering Ryukoku University 1-5 Yokotani Seta Otsu Shiga 520-2194 Japan Computational Cell Biomechanics Team VCAD System Research Program RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan School of Mechanical Engineering College of Science and Engineering Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan Department of Orthopedic Surgery Kanazawa University Hospital 13-1 Takara-machi Kanazawa 920-8641 Japan

Patient-specific nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) is promising for evaluating the recovery of vertebral strength. Vertebral strength is closely related to inner vertebral stress distribution and is used to assess the fracture risk for individual osteoporotic patients during drug treatment. Moreover, stress distribution is affected by individual bone shape, bone density distribution and nonlinear behavior of the mechanical properties of bone. To investigate the effectiveness of FEA considering these factors for the evaluation of drug treatment effects, patient-specific nonlinear FEAs of the first lumbar vertebrae in patients undergoing a 3-year drug treatment were performed. Changes in fracture load and distribution of failure elements in the FE models at four time points (before therapy, and after 6 and 12 months and 3 years of therapy) were compared with those of average bone density. The FEAs demonstrated that failure elements decreased notably, and fracture load increased gradually by the 3-year time point, suggesting that the vertebrae were strengthened as a result of drug treatments. Furthermore, statistical tests indicated that mechanical evaluation using the nonlinear FEAs is more sensitive for evaluating drug effects on osteoporotic bone than assessments based on average bone density. © 2010 by JSME.

关键词： Bone

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Life cycle costing analysis for poly-silicon photovoltaics production processes in Japan

Life cycle costing analysis for poly-silicon photovoltaics p...

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IEEE International Conference on Industrial engineering and engineering Management, IEEM2010

作者： Inoue, T. Kajikawa, Y. Yamada, K. Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Center for Low Carbon Society Strategy Japan Science and Technology Agency Tokyo Japan Inovation Policy Research Center University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Department of Technology Management for Innovation University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Integrated Research System for Sustainability Science University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Executive Management Program University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781424485031

The objective of this study is to identify the key technology with analysis of the cost boundary of future photovoltaics (PV) technologies using life-cycle costing. We estimate the amount cost of photovoltaic system in Japan. It considers material flows over the whole production process starting from silica extraction to the final panel assembling. The comparison of current scenario to the expected future PV technologies focusing on the equipments in each production processes results in factory scale boundaries. ©2010 IEEE.

关键词： Cost reduction

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The impact of active learning during out-of-school time (OST) Energy Clubs on elementary school students

The impact of active learning during out-of-school time (OST...

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2010 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition

作者： Albers, Lynn Lindsay, Karen Hemric, Janice Tucker, Jade Bottomley, Laura Hollebrands, Karen Parry, Elizabeth Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department North Carolina State University United States Wake County Public School System United States Washington Elementary School United States Fuller Elementary School United States College of Engineering North Carolina State University United States Department of Math Science and Technology Education North Carolina State University United States RAMP-UP program United States

Active learning during out-of-school time Energy Clubs, can positively affect students in grades 3-5 by improving their understanding of technology, what engineers do, the engineering design process, and how to improve a windmill. RAMP-UP assessed the impact through a pre- and posttest from the engineering is Elementary workbook, "Catching the Wind."[2] After completing one activity where the students built windmills out of milk cartons, there were positive improvements in their understanding of technology, what engineers do and the engineering design process ranging from 3% to 8%. Significant gains (p

关键词： Students

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Numerical study on high intensity focused ultrasound therapy using array transducer

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Physics Procedia 2010年第1期3卷 315-322页

作者： Kohei Okita Kazuyasu Sugiyama Kenji Ono Shu Takagi Yoichiro Matsumoto RIKEN CIPS VCAD System Research Program Functionality Simulation and Information Team 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan The University of Tokyo Department of Mechanical Engineering Tokyo Japan RIKEN Computational Science Research Program Integrated Simulation of Living Matter Group Organ and Body Scale Team Saitama Japan

The development of the HIFU therapy for the deeply placed cancer such as the liver cancer and brain cancer has been desired. One problem is the displacement of the focal point due to the reflection and refraction of ultrasound. In the present study, the HIFU therapy for the brain cancer through a skull with a bowl-shape array transducer is performed numerically. Our approach is to solve the mass and momentum equations for mixture with the equation of state of media. The nonlinearity is mainly taken into account through the equation of state of the media. The three-dimensional controllability of the focal point by the array transducer with a phase delay is examined. As the result of the ultrasound propagation through the skull with the phase delay, we obtain a clear focal point where the peak pressure is higher than that without the phase delay. Therefore, the array transducer with the appropriate phase delay enables to assign the focal point to the target adequately, even if the ultrasound propagates through the inhomogeneous medium as a human skull.

关键词： Theraputic ultrasound HIFU Numerical simulation Voxel phantom Array transducer

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Movement Persuit Control of an Offshore Automated Platform via a RAM-based Neural Network

Movement Persuit Control of an Offshore Automated Platform v...

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International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision

作者： Horacio L. Franca Joao Carlos P. da Silva Omar Lengerke Max S. Dutra Massimo De Gregorio Felipe M. G. Franca Computer Science Department Mathematics Institute Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Mechanical Engineering Program COPPE Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Istituto di Cibernetica "Eduardo Caianiello" Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Naples Italy System Engineering and Computer Science Program COPPE Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781424478149

The reproduction of the movements of a ship by automated platforms, without the use of sensors providing exact data related to the numeric variables involved, is a non-trivial matter. The creation of an artificial vision system that can follow the cadence of said ship, in six axes of freedom, is the goal of this research. Considering that a real time response is a requisite in this case, it was decided to adopt a Boolean artificial neural network system that could identify and follow arbitrary interest points that could define, as a group, a model of the movement of an observed vessel. This paper describes the development of a prototype based on the Boolean perceptron model WiSARD (Wilkie, Stonham and Aleksander's Recognition Device), that is being implemented in the C programming language on a desktop computer using a regular webcam as input.

关键词： Stewart platform weightless neural networks WiSARD

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Responsiveness Improvement of Idling Speed Control for Automotive Using SMC

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Journal of Software engineering and Applications 2009年第5期2卷 309-315页

作者： Yang ZHANG Nobuo KURIHARA Hiroyuki YAMAGUCHI Doctor of Science Program in Mechanical Systems Hachinohe Institute of Technology Graduate School of Engineering Hachinohe Institute of Technology Department of System and Information Hachinohe Institute of Technology

To improve the responsiveness of engine speed control to disturbances, robust controls were investigated by simulation. The intake air control system of a gasoline engine is a typical nonlinear system, and the disturbances and parameter perturbations are generally regarded as being the unstable factors with regard to engine control. In this paper, a Mean-Value Engine Model (MVEM) with disturbances and parameter perturbations is investigated using Sliding Mode Control (SMC), which is a form of variable structure control, with a view to address instability in the idle speed control process. The simulation results confirmed that, compared with a conventional PI (Proportional-Integral) controller, the stability of the idle speed for an engine that is being subjected to disturbances, parameter variations and background noise is greatly improved by the application of SMC.

关键词： Gasoline Engine Intake Air Control Sliding Mode Control Simulation

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Coarse-grained modeling and simulation of actin filament behavior based on Brownian dynamics method

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MCB Molecular and Cellular Biomechanics 2009年第3期6卷 161-173页

作者： Shimada, Yoshitaka Adachi, Taiji Inoue, Yasuhiro Hojo, Masaki Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science Kyoto University Yoshida-Honmachi Sakyo Kyoto 606-8501 Japan Computational Cell Biomechanics Team VCAD System Research Program RIKEN Japan

The actin filament, which is the most abundant component of the cytoskeleton, plays important roles in fundamental cellular activities such as shape determination, cell motility, and mechanosensing. In each activity, the actin filament dynamically changes its structure by polymerization, depolymerization, and severing. These phenomena occur on the scales ranging from the dynamics of actin molecules to filament structural changes with its deformation due to the various forces, for example, by the membrane and solvent. To better understand the actin filament dynamics, it is important to focus on these scales and develop its mathematical model. Thus, the objectives of this study were to model and simulate actin filament polymerization, depolymerization, and severing based on the Brownian dynamics method. In the model, the actin monomers and the solvent were considered as globular particles and a continuum, respectively. The motion of the actin molecules was assumed to follow the Langevin equation. The polymerization, which increases the filament length, was determined by the distance between the center of the actin particle at the barbed end and actin particles in the solvent. The depolymerization, which decreases the filament length, was modeled such that the number of dissociation particles from the filament end per unit time was constant. In addition, the filament severing, in which one filament divides into two, was modeled to occur at an equal rate along the filament. Then, we simulated the actin filament dynamics using the developed model, and analyzed the filament elongation rate, its turnover, and the effects of filament severing on the polymerization and depolymerization. Results indicated that the model reproduced the linear dependence of the filament elongation on time, filament turnover process by polymerization and depolymerization, and acceleration of the polymerization and depolymerization by severing, which qualitatively agreed with those observed in ex

关键词： Coarse-grained modeling

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RESPONSIVENESS IMPROVEMENT OF IDLING SPEED CONTROL FOR AUTOMOTIVE

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38th International Conference on Computers and Industrial engineering

作者： Zhang, Yang Koorikawa, Takashi Kurihara, Nobuo Science Program in Mechanical System Engineering Hachinohe Institute of Technology School of Engineering Japan Hachinohe Institute of Technology School of Engineering Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9787121074370

Fuel economy is an important issue in the modern automotive industry. So fuel economy technologies are a research emphasis. Improving engine efficiency as a core of fuel saving technologies is under extensive study. Idle speed is the minimum operating speed of a combustion engine. The period of the idling operation occupies thirty percent of driving time for. urban traffic. Therefore significant fuel economy and emissions improvements can be gained by lowering the idle speed of an engine. In order to achieve a lower idle speed it is necessary to maintain a stable idle speed in the presence of known disturbances (e.g. air conditioning) and unknown disturbances. In this paper, idling speed was studied based on a four-cylinder gasoline engine model by three kinds of robust control methods, or PID control, Smith predictor and sliding mode control. A sliding mode controller was proposed, and accordingly a speed sliding surface was designed From the result of simulation, it was confirmed that control performance with load disturbance could be improved.

关键词： Idle speed control Robust control Sliding mode control Smith predictor Smith plus Compensation

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Annual business and news:: Beginning the 31st year of the Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics

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JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS 2008年第1期31卷 1-1页

作者： Schmidt, George T. Aeronautics and Astronautics Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) AIAA Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Russian Federation Academy of Navigation and Motion Control Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics University of Missouri-Rolla(UMR) Lockheed Electronics Company Center for Space Research University of Texas Austin United States Wright Laboratory Eglin Air Force Base UMR AIAA Guidance Navigation and Control Technical Committee American Automatic Control Council Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company Palmdale CA United States C4ISR and Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) Programs for Air Vehicle Sciences and Systems Accreditation Board Engineering and Technology Inc./Aeronautical National Technical Committee on Guidance Navigation and Control Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University at Buffalo State University of New York (SUNY) AIAA Technical Committee on GN and C Air Vehicles Directorate Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Wright-Patterson Air Force Base Space Access and Hypersonic Vehicle Guidance and Control Group Control Science Center of Excellence AFRL AIAA Technical Committee on Guidance Navigation and Control Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering University of California (UC) Davis United States Boeing Company Modernized Flight Control System for the Apache Longbow AIAA Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers AHS Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Boeing Company Flight Sciences and Advanced Design Group Guidance Navigation and Control (GN and C) Systems Engineer Distributed Space Systems NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) AIAA GN and C Technical Committee Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics University of Texas Austin United States Institute of Navigation American Astronautical Society AIAA Guidance Navigation (GN and C) and Control Technical Committee Department of Aerospace Engineering Iowa State University Iowa

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Design and prototype development of advanced oxidation black and gray water treatment systems

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 2006年第3期118卷 51-64页

作者： Markle, Stephen P. CDR. STEPHEN P. MARKLE USN (REt.)P.E.a retired US Navy Engineering Duty Officer and is the Engineering Director for Navalis Environmental Systems. His active duty assignments included the staff of the Chief of Naval Operations Director of Surface Warfare as Section Head for Surface Combatant Maintenance and Modernization Program Executive Office Expeditionary Warfare as Assistant Project Manager for the (TAKE 1)Class Program and as Deputy Director Environmental Programs Division at Naval Sea Systems Command. He is a 1993 graduate of the Naval Construction and Engineering Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he received a Naval Engineers Degree and Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering. Since 1995 he has authored thirteen published technical papers dealing with environmental issues. CDR Markle is the recipient of Fiscal Year 2001 Individual Environmental Quality Awards and Environmental Excellence in Weapon System Acquisition Team Awards from Naval Sea Systems Command Chief of Naval Operations Secretary of the Navy and Secretary of Defense and the 2001 ASNE “Jimmie Hamilton” award. He is a Professional Engineer registered in the State of New York and Commonwealth of Virginia. He serves as the Chair of the Joint ASNE/SNAME Committee on Environmental Engineering and also as Chair of ASTM Ships and Marine Technology Marine Environmental Protection Subcommittee (F25.06).

Regulations governing the discharge of sewage from ships have been in force since the early 1970's. In response, the marine industry has developed ever more complex systems and processes for managing these wastes. The first compliance method involved holding wastes until they could be legally discharged;as technology advanced, treatment systems were developed and installed to enable discharge within regulated waters. As the size and number of ships as increased with maturation of the ocean tourism business, more restrictive regulations have been enacted to minimize the impact on sensitive waters. The trend is toward increasing regulation of both sewage and graywater. The most recent action occurred on 12 October 2005 when the Governor of California signed into law Senate Bill 771 regulating most ship liquid discharges within state waters. This paper describes the development of an innovative advanced wastewater treatment technology, based on advanced oxidation, bearing in mind the lessons learned from systems developed by industry over the past thirty years.

关键词： Wastewater treatment

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