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Applying fuzzy functions and sequential coordination to optimization of machinery arrangement and pipe routing

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1998年第6期110卷 43-54页

作者： Wu, BC Young, GS Schmidt, W Choppella, K Dr. Bi-Chu Wu:received a PhD in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Maryland College Park in 1991. She has worked on projects involving naval architecture design optimization solid mechanics and database development. Presently a senwr engineer with Angle Incorporated Dr Wu's research interests are in design optimization and fuzzy logic applications. Dr. Gin-Shu Young: a senior engineer with Angle Incorporated holds a PhD in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Maryland College Park. As a guest researcher with National Institute of Standards and Technologies from 1990 to 1993 he worked on vision-based navigation for autonomous vehicles. His experience also includes applications of optimization fuzzy logic neural network and genetic algorithm methods to engineering system design Mr. William Schmidt:co-founded Angle Incorporated in 1990 and has served as Vice PresidentlChiefScientist during this tame. He holds a B.Sc. in Applied Science from the Naval Acadt?my and an M.Sc. in Physics from the Naval Post Graduate School. He has cner 20 years experience in technical leadership material and personnel management. He has led the application of computer aided design (CAD) and Product Model Information Exchange to the shipbuilding industry. His experience also includes leading the amlication of model based operational analysis to support the Live Fire Test Program for DDG 51 Class Destroyers. Mr. Krishna M. Choppella:is a Sofware Engineer at Eidea Laboratories Incotporated where he works on componentbased distributed enterpvise frameworks. He has been involved in creating data analysis tools for the US Nay by integrating CAD modeis databases and graphical front ends. His work in the Masters degree program in Mechanical Engineering at the University of Texas at Austin was in di0ddase.r spectroscopy of combustion products in porous-matri burners. He received his Bachelors degree in Electrical Engineering in India. He was a Research Associate at the Centre for Laser Technology and Project Engi

Ship design is often multidisciplinary involving several design elements with various types of objectives and constraints (O/C) some easily described as mathematical formulas, others better modeled as descriptive assertions. This paper describes a method based on fuzzy functions and an integrated performance index to model O/C using descriptive assertions to be used with mathematical formulas in optimization. Another issue addressed in this paper concerns the coordination of design elements when sequentially coupled, that is, when one leads the other and the performance of the follower depends greatly on the design of the leader. Based on neuro-fuzzy techniques, the method described here coordinates and optimizes sequentially coupled elements. The two methods are applied to machinery arrangement (MA) and pipe routing (PR). Preliminary models for optimization of MA and PR are described considering convenience, producibility: engine room size, interference and location as factors in the O/C set. Some test results from MA/PR applications are presented and discussed. The methods are generic and can be extended to other elements in ship design. They are mutually independent and may be used separately Two advantages of their use are an improvement in overall performance and a reduction in the need for redesign of elements.

关键词： Optimization

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Meeting the 21st century with SMART mission flexibility

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第3期109卷 341-346页

作者： Alexander, RK Olmstead, L Ronald K. Alexander P.E.:received his B.S. degree in mechnaical engineering from Purdue University and his M.S. degree in mechanical engineering from the Naval Postgraduate School. He is currently manager quality programs at RGE Engineering Service Company where he provides technical support to the ATC Program in the area of combat system modularity design. lhe is a member of ASNE and the Surface Navy Association. Larry Olmstead:received his B.L.S. degree in mathematics and computer scienc from Mary Washington College in 1982 and his M.S. degree in system management from the University of Southern California in 1986. He chaired the C'I Modular Implementation Wroking Group (MIWG) from its inception in September 1993 to December 1996 as a combat system engineer in the PEO CLA Engineering management Office (Code PMS307). He is currently employed at Science Application International Corporation.

A revolution is underway in the design, production and installation of the Navy/Marine Corps team's command, control, communications, computers and intelligence ((CI)-I-4) vision and strategies, which is significantly reducing costs, and dramatically improving the battle readiness of tomorrow's forward deployers. A strong emphasis on research and development has enabled the design, development and installation of the Shipboard Modular Arrangement Reconfiguration Technology (SMART) systems in ships. SMART is a methodology for installing equipment in shipboard spaces that will provide the fleet with enhanced mission flexibility. The heart of this technology is a track rail system, similar to that used by the aircraft industry, which enables equipment to be bolted to the deck, bulkheads or overhead, and meets all shipboard shock and vibration requirements. The fleet can reconfigure designated spaces to receive new systems, install equipment upgrades, position cross-decked systems, or rearrange work areas with minimal industrial work (welding, grinding, lagging, painting, etc.), and maximum cost savings. Key (CI)-I-4 spaces such as Tactical Flag Command Center (TFCC), Joint Operations Center (JOC), Communication Centers, etc., can be reconfigured as required. Thereby, new technology insertion can enable rapid deployment of state-of-the-art technologies much faster than the standard method of welding foundations in place to support various equipment installations. The SMART system includes a foundation track system, modular-connectorized power and lighting, and modular workstations.

关键词： Naval vessels

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Developing a prototype concurrent design tool for composite topside structures

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第3期109卷 279-290页

作者： Dirlik, S Hambric, S Azarm, S Marquardt, M Hellman, A Bartlett, S Castelli, V Steve Dirlik:began his career at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division in 1981 as an aerospace engineer co-op student. He completed his bachelor of science degree in aeropace and ocean engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1985 and his master of science degree in aerospace engineering from the University of Maryland in 1990. Mr. Dirlik recently completed a master of science program in applied physics at The Johns Hopins University and currently works in the Radar Cross Section and Target Physics Branch of the Signatures Directorate at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Corderoke Division. He has worked on Navy low observable programs since 1990. Stephen Hambric:is a research associate at the Applied Research Laboratory at The Pennsylvania State University. He received his B. S. and M.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and his D. Sc. in mechnical engineering from the George Washington University. He has worked on several computer aided multidiscikplinary design and optimization projects over the years including an automated propeller design system and a structural acoustic optimization capability. Dr. Shpour Azarm:is currently working as an associate professor with the Design and Manufacturing Group of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of maryland at College Park. Dr Azarm's expertise is in the areas of optimization-based designed and concurrent design and optimization of multidisciplinary systems. He was a consultant at Black & Decker Corporation (summer 1996) and worked as a Navy senior summer faculty fellow (summer 1995) and a NASA summer faculty fellow (summer 1994). He was a visiting scientist at NASA Langley Research Center for Multidisciplinary Analysis and Applied Structural Optimzatiom at the University of Siegen in Germany (spring 1992) and the Design Institute of the Technical University of Denmark (summer 1990). Dr Azarm was an associate technical editor of the ASME Jour

A prototype concurrent engineering tool has been developed for the preliminary design of composite topside structures for modern navy warships. This tool, named GELS for the Concurrent engineering of Layered Structures, provides designers with an immediate assessment of the impacts of their decisions on several disciplines which are important to the performance of a modern naval topside structure, including electromagnetic interference effects (EMI), radar cross section (RCS), structural integrity, cost, and weight. Preliminary analysis modules in each of these disciplines are integrated to operate from a common set of design variables and a common materials database. Performance in each discipline and an overall fitness function for the concept are then evaluated. A graphical user interface (GUI) is used to define requirements and to display the results from the technical analysis modules. Optimization techniques, including feasible sequential quadratic programming (FSQP) and exhaustive search are used to modify the design variables to satisfy all requirements simultaneously. The development of this tool, the technical modules, and their integration are discussed noting the decisions and compromises required to develop and integrate the modules into a prototype conceptual design tool.

关键词： Warships

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Intelligent Control of a Mobile Robot for Service Use in Office Buildings and Its Soft Computing Algorithms

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Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 1996年第6期8卷 538-554页

作者： Tanaka, Takayuki Ohwi, Junji Litvintseva, Ludmila V. Yamafuji, Kazuo Ulyanov, Sergei V. Department of Mechanical and Control Engineering The University of Electro-Communications Chofu Tokyo182 Japan Artificial Intelligence Research Centre of Program System Institute Russian Academy of Science Botik Pereslavl-Zallesky 152140 Russia

The arrangement principles and design methodology on soft computing for complex control framework of AI control system are introduced. The basis of this methodology is computer simulation of dynamics for mechanical robotic system with the help of qualitative physics and search for possible solutions by genetic algorithms (GA). On fuzzy neural network (FNN) optimal solutions for navigation with avoidance of obstacles and technological operations as opening of door with a manipulator are obtained and knowledge base (KB) for fuzzy controller is formed. Fuzzy qualitative simulation, GA and hierarchical node map (HN), and FNN have demonstrated their effectiveness for path planning of a mobile robot for service use. New approach for direct human-robot communication with natural language and cognitive graphics is introduced. The results of fuzzy robot control simulation, monitoring, and experimental investigations are presented. © Fuji Technology Press Ltd.

关键词： Mobile robots

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VIRTUAL PROTOTYPING USING KNOWLEDGE - BASED MODELING AND SIMULATION TECHNIQUES

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1993年第3期105卷 201-212页

作者： SHEA, JG The Author:holds bachelor and master of engineering degrees in mechanical engineering a M.Eng. in engineering management and is currently fulfilling requirements for the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in computer science at the University of Louisville. He is employed as program manager Phalanx Advanced Engineering Development at the Naval Ordnance Station Crane Div. NavSurfWarCen Louisville Ky. During his tenure with Phalanx Mr. Shea has contributed to system reliability improvement system performance upgrading and the development of the Phalanx HOL (RISC) Computer. Mr. Shea is a member of ASNE the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Society for Computer Simulation International Test & Evaluation Association and the Military Operations Research Society.

Knowledge-based modeling and simulation bridges the gap between ''conventional'' artificial intelligence implementations (such as expert systems) and more traditional computer-aided design techniques. We are currently developing software, whose primary function is to capture a user-input design specification and produce a ''virtual'' rapid prototvpe in the form of executable rule-based code. This code can then be exercised either as an interactive part of a hardware-in-the-loop testbed simulator or as a component of an object-oriented ''behavioral'' simulation environment. While the Phalanx Testbed is the immediate beneficiary of this work, the techniques described have a wide range of application in the modeling of conceptual design and performance characteristics. This paper describes the system architecture and software tools that we are applying to generate virtual rapid prototypes for use in the Phalanx Testbed. Particular attention is paid to defining the intelligent knowledge-capture mechanisms and model generation methodologies that we are using to translate design knowledge and performance requirements into rule-based simulations. The object-oriented programming approach to the merging of ''new'' data with previouslv-captured and stored data is discussed, and the issues of verifying and validating prototypes generated using such partiallv ''reengineered'' models are examined. An application currently in use as an investigative prototype for testbed development, a simple position controller servomechanism used to control the azimuth angle of a target-tracking sensor, is used to illustrate the process.

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MEASURES OF EFFECTIVENESS AS APPLIED TO MAINTENANCE PRACTICES

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1992年第4期104卷 101-102页

作者： JACOBS, KS ELFONT, M PROCACCINO, V Mark Elfont Ph.D:. is head of the Engineering Analysis Staff at the Naval Ship Systems Engineering Station (NAVSSES). At NAVSSES Dr. Elfont developed the Ships Machinery Analysis and Reporting Technique (SMART) System that utilizes direct access to the Ships 3-M database to calculate the fleet performance of HM&E systems. The SMART process is an automated approach to performance trending and offers the in-service engineers and life cycle managers cost effective information on the performance of equipments and systems in the actual fleet environment. Prior to coming to NAVSSES Dr. Elfont was at the Naval Air Development Center (NADC) for 18 years with most of his service as program manager for various avionic weapon system developments. Dr. Elfont also spent three years as the business manager of a private telecommunication firm. Vincent Procaccino:is the measures of effectiveness coordinator within the Performance and Business Indicators Section of the Equipment Assessment and Alteration Department Naval Ship System Engineering Station (NAVSSES). Mr. Procaccino is responsible for developing processes and techniques for determining the effectiveness of condition assessment efforts primarily the Assessment of Equipment Condition (AEC) program. NAVSSES is the Navy's in service engineering agent for HM&E equipment and is currently pursuing several programs which are in the process of evaluating condition assessment of HM&E systems. The efforts include continuous on-line monitors and expert system applications. Prior to arriving at NAVSSES in December 1988 Mr. Procaccino received a bachelor of science degree in mechanical engineering from Penn State University in August of 1987. He then worked as a project engineer for a small manufacturing firm until his arrival at NAVSSES.

Recent developments in surface ship maintenance strategies have been advanced on the promise of achieving reduced maintenance costs and improving the availability of shipboard systems. Included in the melange of proposed solutions are the Phased Maintenance Concept, Condition Based Maintenance, Expert system Diagnostics, as well as many other variations of these notions. As programs are initiated to evaluate prototype systems, or in some cases install production units, it is crucial that effective measurement procedures be instituted to determine to what extent the respective program goals and objectives are achieved. This paper explores various data sources that offer potential application to evaluation of advanced maintenance concept effectiveness. Also examined are data analysis and reporting techniques to clearly identify the benefits gained from those activities. The authors feel that it is important that the process of effectiveness evaluation, while remaining an objective process, become a part of the maintenance process itself. Maximum use of existing databases and in-place data collection procedures is advocated.

关键词： Naval Vessels

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COMPUTER-AIDED-DESIGN METHODS FOR PROPELLER FILLET GAUGES

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第3期102卷 202-208页

作者： ALLEN, DW VINOSKI, WS OVERTON, BA David W. Allen:is a senior computer scientist at the Machinery Technology Division Westinghouse Electric Corporation Large Pa. He received the B.A. degree in mathematics from Grinnell College and the M.S. degree in computer science from the University of Pittsburgh. His career with Westinghouse has been divided between assignments in engineering and computer applications. Mr. Allen has published eight technical papers. He received the George Westinghouse Signature A ward of Excellence for his work on the development of the GAGES computer program for designing propeller gages. He is a member of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Walter S. Vinoski:is a project engineer at the Machinery Technology Division Westinghouse Electric Corporation Large Pa. and was instrumental in the development of the GAGES computer program. He was awarded the George Westinghouse Signature Award of Excellence for his work on the GAGES program. Mr. Vinoski has six years of marine propulsion system experience specifically with propellers. He earned a B.S. degree in electronics engineering and minored in mathematics at the Ohio Institute of Technology. He is a member of the American Society of Naval Engineers. Bernard A. Overton:graduated from North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University Greensboro N.C. in 1958 with a B.S. degree in mechanical engineering. Within two years of joining the U.S. Army Mr. Overton was honorably discharged as a first lieutenant. Mr. Overton worked seven years at Philadelphia Naval Shipyard in the following areas: shafting shafting alignment bearing reactions noise and vibration surveys propellers and propeller blade gage designs. In 1967 Mr. Overton transferred to the Navy Engineering Center. He has worked on main propulsion devices such as water jets propellers (both submarine and surface ship) and propeller blade gages. Mr. Overton was responsible for the establishment of the Naval Inspectors Propeller Certif

One of the most complicated forms encountered in engineering design is that of the marine propeller. The complexities arise from the complicated hydrodynamic surfaces of the propeller blades and the complicated manner in which the blades are oriented with and attached to the hub. Where propeller blades are attached to the hub, the blade shape is blended into the shape of the hub. The geometry of this region is particularly complicated. The shape of the blend is called a fillet, and the blending region is called the fillet region. Sheet metal gages conforming to various blade surface contours are used in the manufacture and inspection of propellers. Five different types of gages define the shape of the propeller in different regions. Fillet gages are such gages that define the shape of propeller blades in the fillet region. This paper describes a new computer-aided method for designing fillet gages. Previous methods of fillet gage design required the designer to follow a complicated layout procedure of determining where a particular unfilleted blade contour intersected the hub. The design of the fillet was then done in another layout procedure. Newly developed numerical procedures incorporated in a computer program have reduced the time required to design a complete set of gages (including fillet gages) from up to several weeks to hours.

关键词： Propellers

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BOTTOM BOUNCE ARRAY SONAR SUBMARINE (BBASS)

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1989年第5期101卷 59-72页

作者： JACKSON, HA NEEDHAM, WD SIGMAN, DE USN (RET.) Capt. Harry A. Jackson USN (Ret.) is a graduate of the University of Michigan in naval architecture and marine engineering and completed the General Electric Company's 3-year advanced engineering course in nuclear engineering. He has been an independent consulting engineer and participated in projects involving deep submergence waste disposal water purification and submarine design both commercial and government. Cdr. William D. Needham USN is currently assigned as the repair officer of USS Hunley (AS-31) in Norfolk Virginia. He received a regular commission through NROTC at Duke University where he graduated magna cum laude in mechanical engineering. Selected for the Nuclear Power Program he served as a division officer on the USS Grayling (SSN-646) as the production training assistant at the MARE Prototype Reactor in New York and as blue crew engineer of the USS Nathan Hale (SSBN-623) where he completed the requirements to be designated qualified for command of submarines. Following line transfer to the EDO community in 1981 he completed a tour as nuclear repair officer (Code 310) at Norfolk Naval Shipyard and earned master of science in materials science and ocean engineer's degrees at MIT. His awards include the Meritorius Service Medal Navy Commendation Medal Navy Achievement Medal Spear Foundation Award and the Vice Admiral C.R. Bryan Award. Cdr. Needham also holds a master of arts degree in business management from Central Michigan University. Capt. Jackson was technical director of Scorpion Search Phase II. The on-site investigation included descending over 12 000 feet to the bottom of the ocean. He was also supervisor of one of the Navy's largest peacetime shipbuilding and repair programs. His responsibilities included supervision of design production and contract administration. Capt. Jackson was third from the top in managaement of a major shipyard and responsible for design material procurement work order and financial control of two major surface ship prototypes as well a

Anticipated technological advances in the quieting of potential adversary submarines mandate the use of increasingly effective detection systems for U.S. ASW forces. Based on the assumptions that sonar will continue to be the primary means of detection and that the effectiveness of each individual sonar element will not change markedly, one must increase the projected area of the sonar array to improve its capability. The primary SSN mission of anti-submarine warfare will hence require increasing the hull area devoted to the primary sonar detection system. A revolutionary hull form is proposed that maximizes the area available for this purpose. The advantages and disadvantages of this hull form are discussed and feasibility study level design parameters and arrangements presented.

关键词： Submarines

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OUT-OF-PRODUCTION MICRO-ELECTRONICS - AN ACHILLES HEEL OF DEFENSE systemS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第5期100卷 69-72页

作者： MACKENZIE, CM WOOTTEN, R HOY, K NEELY, J KOSCO, D SMITH, W C. Malcolm Mackenzie:is the Materials and Parts Availability Control program manager at U.S. Army Laboratory Command Adelphi Md. Mr. Mackenzie has a B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Northwestern University an M.S. degree in the same field from the University of Michigan and an M.B.A. from East Texas State University. Richard Wootten:is project officer of the U.S. Army Material Command's Materials and Parts Availability Control Information Data System Project Adelphi Md. Mr. Wootten holds an associate's degree in mechanical engineering from Northern Virginia Community College and a Bachelor of Science in Electronics Engineering from The University of Alabama. Kevin Hoy:is manager of the Microelectronics Obsolescence Management Program at the Naval Avionics Center Indianapolis. Mr. Hoy holds both bachelor and master of science degrees in mathematics from Purdue University. James Neely:is leader of the Materials Management Team Industrial Materials Division in the Directorate of Manufacturing Air Force Systems Command Dayton Ohio. Mr. Neely holds a bachelor's degree in political science from The University of Georgia and a master of science degree in public administration from The University of Missouri. Don Kosco:is an electronics engineer currently involved with introducing new technologies into weapons systems. He is in the Directorate of Reliability Maintainability and Technology Policy HQ Air Force Logistics Command Dayton Ohio. Mr. Kosco holds a bachelor of engineering degree from Widener University a master's in systems engineering from The Air Force Institute of Technology and an MBA from the University of Texas at San Antonio. William Smith:is head of the Plans Branch in the Office of Policy and Plans Defense Electronics Supply Center (DESC) Dayton Ohio. He was for many years manager ofDESC's Diminishing Manufacturing Sources (DMS) Program. Mr. Smith holds a bachelor of arts degree in political science from Indiana University.

Both the timely manufacture of defense systems and their subsequent on-line operability depend upon the availability of component parts. The growing problem of microelectronic component nonavailability is casting a shadow over logistics support to these systems. This paper will discuss the causes of the problem and provide some examples of cases confronted by the DoD logistics community. It will also identify some actions which have been taken in the past to manage the issue as well as initiatives now underway. Finally it will look at what lies ahead.

关键词： Microelectronics

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ROCKET MOTOR DESIGN FOR UNDERWATER SHOCK

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第3期100卷 215-225页

作者： YAGLA, JJ The authorreceived his B.A. degree in science (physics) from the Slate College of Iowa in 1965. He received his M.S. degree in engineering mechanics in 1968 and his Ph.D. in aerospace engineering and engineering science in 1981 from Arizona State University. He has done analytical and experimental research in the field of weapons blast and dynamical response since 1965 at the Naval Surface Warfare Center in Dahlgren Virginia. As a supervisory research mechanical engineer he was previously head of the Physical Response Analysis Branch Blast Effects Branch and Ship Engineering Branch. Dr. Yagla is the test development agent and was test conductor for the gun and missile structural test firings in USSIowaclass battleships. He is a consultant to the Naval Sea Systems Command battleship combat system engineer and the Naval Air Systems Command Cruise Missile Project for blast and structural response. He has been involved in the development of Standard missile and its launching systems since 1969. He participated in the design of shock tests for the Mk 104 rocket motor and analyzed the data. He is presently analyzing shock and vibration problems for the Standard Missile Program Office.

Naval ships and equipment are designed to survive underwater shock. The underwater shock can result from a nearby explosion of a bomb or missile, or the underwater detonation of a nuclear weapon. The shock wave travels through the water and applies an impulsive pressure load to the ship. The ship responds by a sudden acceleration in a direction up and away from the explosion. The motion of the ship is imparted to its weapons and equipment. In the case of Standard missile, impulsive loads are applied to the missiles stowed in the magazines. The evolutionary design of rocket motor chambers and launch shoes for Standard missile for underwater shock is traced from the early Tartar missile to the latest version of Standard missile. As the weight of the missile has increased and the performance requirements have become more demanding, the design of the weapon for underwater shock has become more difficult. The paper explains the design approaches and techniques. Theoretical and experimental methods have been required. Finally, the paper highlights the experiences and problems in conducting underwater shock experiments with production systems in ships at sea.

关键词： WARSHIPS

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