KAGRA, the underground and cryogenic gravitational-wave detector, was operated for its solo observation from February 25 to March 10, 2020, and its first joint observation with the GEO 600 detector from April 7 to Apr...
KAGRA, the underground and cryogenic gravitational-wave detector, was operated for its solo observation from February 25 to March 10, 2020, and its first joint observation with the GEO 600 detector from April 7 to April 21, 2020 (O3GK). This study presents an overview of the input optics systems of the KAGRA detector, which consist of various optical systems, such as a laser source, its intensity and frequency stabilization systems, modulators, a Faraday isolator, mode-matching telescopes, and a high-power beam dump. These optics were successfully delivered to the KAGRA interferometer and operated stably during the observations. The laser frequency noise was observed to limit the detector sensitivity above a few kilohertz, whereas the laser intensity did not significantly limit the detector sensitivity.
Inverse Ising inference allows pairwise interactions of complex binary systems to be reconstructed from empirical correlations. Typical estimators used for this inference, such as Pseudo-likelihood maximization (PLM),...
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Polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) are emerging endocrine disruptors with significant neurotoxic potential. This study evaluates the impact of PSNP exposure on neurotransmitter levels, locomotor activity, and gene expre...
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Polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) are emerging endocrine disruptors with significant neurotoxic potential. This study evaluates the impact of PSNP exposure on neurotransmitter levels, locomotor activity, and gene expression in zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) embryos and larvae, with a focus on estrogen receptor (ER) signaling pathways using the antagonist ICI 182,720 (ICI). Zebrafish embryos were exposed to varying PSNP concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 µg/mL) with or without 10 µM ICI co-incubation from 2 to 120 hpf. PSNP exposure significantly reduced TH-positive neuron area, increased apoptosis in the brain, impaired locomotor activity, and increased anxiety-like behavior. These effects were associated with downregulated dopaminergic gene expression ( th1, th2, dat, ddc ), upregulated apoptotic markers ( tp53, casp3, casp9, bax ), and decreased anti-apoptotic bcl2a expression. Additionally, PSNPs significantly reduced acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Interestingly, co-incubation with ICI reversed neurotransmitter levels, reducing brain apoptosis, normalized locomotor responses, gene expression changes, and brought AChE activity back to control levels, indicating that the neurotoxic effects of PSNPs are mediated through ER pathways. This study provides evidence that PSNPs act as endocrine disruptors, interfering with neurotransmitter signaling, promoting brain apoptosis, and altering behavior via ER pathways during early zebrafish development.
a tunable absorber based on dual-Tamm plasSmon polaritons coupling is presented and analyzed using transfer matrix method and finite element method. The reported structure integrates monolayer graphene and few-layer M...
a tunable absorber based on dual-Tamm plasSmon polaritons coupling is presented and analyzed using transfer matrix method and finite element method. The reported structure integrates monolayer graphene and few-layer MoS₂ with tunable absorption properties. By modulating the chemical potential of the graphene, strong coupling between two TPP modes can be realized, which gives rise to the formation of the low-frequency and high-frequency polariton modes. These modes exhibit some diverse absorption features, including unimodal high-quality peaks, dual high-quality peaks, and double perfect absorption. Furthermore, the tuning of the carrier concentration of MoS₂ induces a transition from narrowband to broadband absorption, achieving a bandwidth of 0.08 THz with up to 75% absorption. The impact of the distributed Bragg reflector layer number on the coupling strength is also examined, revealing that the reduction of the number of DBR layers can significantly enhance the Rabi splitting energy and strengthen the longitudinal coupling. To enhance the Q-factor of the coupled modes, a spacer layer is introduced between the distributed Bragg reflector and few-layer MoS₂. By tuning its thickness, higher-order modes are excited, which sharpen the coupled resonance peaks and improve their Q-factors. The Rabi splitting remains nearly unchanged, indicating that the spacer modifies the resonant field region without weakening the coupling *** study can offer us a comprehensive insights of dual-Tamm plasmon coupling which can be served as the theoretical basis for the development of high-efficiency and tunable optical absorbers.
The increasing demand for sustainable materials has highlighted nanocellulose as a promising candidate due to its exceptional mechanical strength, thermal stability, and superior barrier properties. These attributes e...
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Dynamic processes on networks, be it information transfer in the Internet, contagious spreading in a social network, or neural signaling, take place along shortest or nearly shortest paths. Unfortunately, our maps of ...
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Biodiesel represents a renewable and sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, offering notable environmental advantages such as reduced greenhouse gas emissions, lower toxicity, and biodegradability. However, its conv...
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